如何制作第一个image，运行容器，并访问服务

其他 2020-01-27 09:10:17 阅读次数: 0

文章目录

docker image 概述

官方的docker image 仓库源码地址

https://github.com/docker-library

对应开源的image 源码项目这里都有

在这里插入图片描述

DockerFile 文件举例

https://github.com/docker-library/mysql/blob/master/5.7/Dockerfile

FROM debian:stretch-slim

# add our user and group first to make sure their IDs get assigned consistently, regardless of whatever dependencies get added
RUN groupadd -r mysql && useradd -r -g mysql mysql

RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends gnupg dirmngr && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

# add gosu for easy step-down from root
ENV GOSU_VERSION 1.7
RUN set -x \
	&& apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends ca-certificates wget && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* \
	&& wget -O /usr/local/bin/gosu "https://github.com/tianon/gosu/releases/download/$GOSU_VERSION/gosu-$(dpkg --print-architecture)" \
	&& wget -O /usr/local/bin/gosu.asc "https://github.com/tianon/gosu/releases/download/$GOSU_VERSION/gosu-$(dpkg --print-architecture).asc" \
	&& export GNUPGHOME="$(mktemp -d)" \
	&& gpg --batch --keyserver ha.pool.sks-keyservers.net --recv-keys B42F6819007F00F88E364FD4036A9C25BF357DD4 \
	&& gpg --batch --verify /usr/local/bin/gosu.asc /usr/local/bin/gosu \
	&& gpgconf --kill all \
	&& rm -rf "$GNUPGHOME" /usr/local/bin/gosu.asc \
	&& chmod +x /usr/local/bin/gosu \
	&& gosu nobody true \
	&& apt-get purge -y --auto-remove ca-certificates wget

RUN mkdir /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d

RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
# for MYSQL_RANDOM_ROOT_PASSWORD
		pwgen \
# for mysql_ssl_rsa_setup
		openssl \
# FATAL ERROR: please install the following Perl modules before executing /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db:
# File::Basename
# File::Copy
# Sys::Hostname
# Data::Dumper
		perl \
	&& rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

RUN set -ex; \
# gpg: key 5072E1F5: public key "MySQL Release Engineering <[email protected]>" imported
	key='A4A9406876FCBD3C456770C88C718D3B5072E1F5'; \
	export GNUPGHOME="$(mktemp -d)"; \
	gpg --batch --keyserver ha.pool.sks-keyservers.net --recv-keys "$key"; \
	gpg --batch --export "$key" > /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/mysql.gpg; \
	gpgconf --kill all; \
	rm -rf "$GNUPGHOME"; \
	apt-key list > /dev/null

ENV MYSQL_MAJOR 5.7
ENV MYSQL_VERSION 5.7.28-1debian9

RUN echo "deb http://repo.mysql.com/apt/debian/ stretch mysql-${MYSQL_MAJOR}" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mysql.list

# the "/var/lib/mysql" stuff here is because the mysql-server postinst doesn't have an explicit way to disable the mysql_install_db codepath besides having a database already "configured" (ie, stuff in /var/lib/mysql/mysql)
# also, we set debconf keys to make APT a little quieter
RUN { \
		echo mysql-community-server mysql-community-server/data-dir select ''; \
		echo mysql-community-server mysql-community-server/root-pass password ''; \
		echo mysql-community-server mysql-community-server/re-root-pass password ''; \
		echo mysql-community-server mysql-community-server/remove-test-db select false; \
	} | debconf-set-selections \
	&& apt-get update && apt-get install -y mysql-server="${MYSQL_VERSION}" && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* \
	&& rm -rf /var/lib/mysql && mkdir -p /var/lib/mysql /var/run/mysqld \
	&& chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql /var/run/mysqld \
# ensure that /var/run/mysqld (used for socket and lock files) is writable regardless of the UID our mysqld instance ends up having at runtime
	&& chmod 777 /var/run/mysqld \
# comment out a few problematic configuration values
	&& find /etc/mysql/ -name '*.cnf' -print0 \
		| xargs -0 grep -lZE '^(bind-address|log)' \
		| xargs -rt -0 sed -Ei 's/^(bind-address|log)/#&/' \
# don't reverse lookup hostnames, they are usually another container
	&& echo '[mysqld]\nskip-host-cache\nskip-name-resolve' > /etc/mysql/conf.d/docker.cnf

VOLUME /var/lib/mysql

COPY docker-entrypoint.sh /usr/local/bin/
RUN ln -s usr/local/bin/docker-entrypoint.sh /entrypoint.sh # backwards compat
ENTRYPOINT ["docker-entrypoint.sh"]

EXPOSE 3306 33060
CMD ["mysqld"]

DockerFile 属性

From

功能：指定基础的镜像，这些镜像的版本，也都是image 

FROM ubuntu:14.04
  上面是使用ubuntu的镜像(image) 14.04版本

ENV

功能:设置变量的值，ENVMYSQL_MAJOR5.7，可以通过docker run --e key=value修改，后面可以直接使用${MYSQL_MAJOR}

ENV GOSU_VERSION 1.7

RUN

功能：运行指定的命令
     这里的Run执行的命令主要是linux系统的一些内部的一些命令，如安装软件以及配置环境变量等等；

样例：
  RUN groupadd -r mysql && useradd -r -g mysql mysql

CMD

功能:容器启动（执行docker run 命令）的时候默认会执行的命令，若有多个CMD命令，则最后一个生效
  	RUN 可以配置多个，依次执行
    同时，这里注意下，这个也可以在docker run的时候，重新指定，覆盖之前的
    (比如DockerFile中设置了端口80端口，我们可以通过docker run的时候重新指定端口)

ENTRYPOINT

VOLUME

功能：数据存储的目录

样例：
  VOLUME /var/lib/mysql

EXPOSE

功能：暴露的端口,这里注意下，第一个是虚拟机里的端口，第二个是宿主主机

EXPOSE 3306 33060

COPY

功能:将主机的文件复制到镜像内，如果目录不存在，会自动创建所需要的目录，注意只是复制，不会提取和解压

COPY ${主机的文件} ${镜像内文件目录}

COPY /user/docker/file.sh /usr/local/bin/

ADD

功能:将主机的文件复制到镜像内，和COPY类似，只是ADD会对压缩文件提取和解压

ADD application.yml /etc/file/

WORKDIR

功能:指定镜像的工作目录，之后的命令都是基于此目录工作，若不存在则创建

WORKDIR /usr/local 
WORKDIR tomcat 
RUN touch test.txt

如何理解DockerFile文件的步骤

1.对于DockerFile里面的步骤，我们可以根据上面的这些属性命令去计算，一个属性命令，我们可以认为是一个步骤；
2.DockerFile里面的属性步骤，实际上就是对依赖环境的搭建；

DockerFile 第一个DockerFile的使用

整体步骤

1.准备一个SpringBoot项目， XXX.java的文件
  当然，对于Springboot项目我们可以通过 java -jar的形式去在本地或者服务器上启动；
2.打包：mvn clean package
3.创建DockerFile文件，根据DockerFile文件的相关配置生成Image
4.运行我们的Image，创建容器Container

具体步骤

创建SpringBoot项目

1.这里我们自己准备了一个Springboot项目，参考下面的git地址

git地址

https://gitee.com/gaoxinfu_admin/demo-tool

打包：mvn clean package

在项目当前的目录下面执行下面的命令

localhost:demo-tool gaoxinfu$ pwd
/Users/gaoxinfu/demo-tool
localhost:demo-tool gaoxinfu$ mvn clean package

打包完成，如下：
  /Users/gaoxinfu/demo-tool/target/demo-tool-1.0.0-SNAPSHOT.jar

在这里插入图片描述

创建DockerFile文件

# 指定基础镜像的依赖，我们的springboot项目依赖于jdk1.8
FROM openjdk:8
# 设置一下维护者  
MAINTAINER gaoxinfu
# 设置一下标签，这里的LABEL 可以认为是key-value的形式  
LABEL name="docker-first-demo" version="1.0.0"  author='gaoxinfu'
# 将当前目录下面的我们项目打出来的jar包复制到docker跟目录下面，我们也叫  docker-first-demo-1.0.0.snapshot.jar名字
COPY demo-tool-1.0.0-SNAPSHOT.jar demo-tool-1.0.0-SNAPSHOT.jar

# 在我们执行docker run 启动的时候 自动执行下面的名字 java -jar   demo-tool-1.0.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
CMD ["java","-jar","demo-tool-1.0.0-SNAPSHOT.jar"]

根据Dockerfile 编译image

[root@localhost ~]# docker build -t demo-tool-docker .
Sending build context to Docker daemon  17.59MB
Step 1/5 : FROM openjdk:8
8: Pulling from library/openjdk
844c33c7e6ea: Pull complete 
ada5d61ae65d: Pull complete 
f8427fdf4292: Pull complete 
f025bafc4ab8: Pull complete 
67b8714e1225: Pull complete 
64b12da521a3: Pull complete 
2e38df533772: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:e1415d5d2a41e2f4f44c1a48f2f268a9da5d7fcd1e9b2773d32f4645b30ec69b
Status: Downloaded newer image for openjdk:8
 ---> 09df0563bdfc
Step 2/5 : MAINTAINER gaoxinfu
 ---> Running in afa820d1419b
Removing intermediate container afa820d1419b
 ---> 3239bcc43262
Step 3/5 : LABEL name="docker-first-demo" version="1.0.0"  author='gaoxinfu'
 ---> Running in ab98141bf820
Removing intermediate container ab98141bf820
 ---> de012c126826
Step 4/5 : COPY docker-first-demo-1.0.0.snapshot.jar docker-first-demo-1.0.0.snapshot.jar
COPY failed: stat /var/lib/docker/tmp/docker-builder146757200/docker-first-demo-1.0.0.snapshot.jar: no such file or directory
[root@localhost ~]# docker build -t demo-tool-docker .
Sending build context to Docker daemon  17.59MB
Step 1/5 : FROM openjdk:8
 ---> 09df0563bdfc
Step 2/5 : MAINTAINER gaoxinfu
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 3239bcc43262
Step 3/5 : LABEL name="docker-first-demo" version="1.0.0"  author='gaoxinfu'
 ---> Using cache
 ---> de012c126826
Step 4/5 : COPY ./docker-first-demo-1.0.0.snapshot.jar docker-first-demo-1.0.0.snapshot.jar
COPY failed: stat /var/lib/docker/tmp/docker-builder398471284/docker-first-demo-1.0.0.snapshot.jar: no such file or directory
[root@localhost ~]# docker build -t demo-tool-docker .
Sending build context to Docker daemon  17.59MB
Step 1/5 : FROM openjdk:8
 ---> 09df0563bdfc
Step 2/5 : MAINTAINER gaoxinfu
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 3239bcc43262
Step 3/5 : LABEL name="docker-first-demo" version="1.0.0"  author='gaoxinfu'
 ---> Using cache
 ---> de012c126826
Step 4/5 : COPY demo-tool-1.0.0-SNAPSHOT.jar demo-tool-1.0.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
 ---> 1e3fcc21182c
Step 5/5 : CMD ["java","-jar","demo-tool-1.0.0-SNAPSHOT.jar"]
 ---> Running in 9204a3d7536e
Removing intermediate container 9204a3d7536e
 ---> 79e08d8bb28b
Successfully built 79e08d8bb28b
Successfully tagged demo-tool-docker:latest
[root@localhost ~]# 

1.可以看到一共5步（主要是Dockfile属性的命令）
2.通过下面docker images 我们可以看到我们的images已经编译完成

[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                         IMAGE ID            CREATED              SIZE
demo-tool-docker    latest                      79e08d8bb28b        About a minute ago   506MB
openjdk             8                           09df0563bdfc        2 days ago           488MB
tomcat              jdk8-adoptopenjdk-hotspot   50d274ef4fb3        2 weeks ago          324MB
tomcat              latest                      882487b8be1d        5 weeks ago          507MB
hello-world         latest                      fce289e99eb9        10 months ago        1.84kB
[root@localhost ~]#

启动demo-tool-docker这个image

[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d --name demo-tool-docker-01 demo-tool-docker
bc6f42106fda0312ea6644ec3d3e55a5fcd86d402bd8365b662495b6cf3f93a6
[root@localhost ~]# ip a

查看项目启动日志

[root@localhost ~]# docker logs demo-tool-docker-01 

  .   ____          _            __ _ _
 /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __  __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
 \\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
  '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
 =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
 :: Spring Boot ::        (v2.2.1.RELEASE)

2019-11-26 04:53:13.210  INFO 1 --- [           main] c.g.demo.tool.DemoToolApplication        : Starting DemoToolApplication v1.0.0-SNAPSHOT on bc6f42106fda with PID 1 (/demo-tool-1.0.0-SNAPSHOT.jar started by root in /)
2019-11-26 04:53:13.215  INFO 1 --- [           main] c.g.demo.tool.DemoToolApplication        : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
2019-11-26 04:53:15.711  INFO 1 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http)
2019-11-26 04:53:15.774  INFO 1 --- [           main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService   : Starting service [Tomcat]
2019-11-26 04:53:15.775  INFO 1 --- [           main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine  : Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/9.0.27]
2019-11-26 04:53:15.979  INFO 1 --- [           main] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/]       : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
2019-11-26 04:53:15.979  INFO 1 --- [           main] o.s.web.context.ContextLoader            : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 2660 ms
2019-11-26 04:53:16.979  INFO 1 --- [           main] o.s.s.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor  : Initializing ExecutorService 'applicationTaskExecutor'
2019-11-26 04:53:17.447  INFO 1 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) with context path ''
2019-11-26 04:53:17.453  INFO 1 --- [           main] c.g.demo.tool.DemoToolApplication        : Started DemoToolApplication in 4.991 seconds (JVM running for 6.135)
[root@localhost ~]#

访问

进入容器进行访问

[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it demo-tool-docker-01 sh
# ls -la
total 17156
drwxr-xr-x.   1 root root       17 Nov 26 04:53 .
drwxr-xr-x.   1 root root       17 Nov 26 04:53 ..
-rwxr-xr-x.   1 root root        0 Nov 26 04:53 .dockerenv
drwxr-xr-x.   1 root root      179 Nov 23 14:33 bin
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root        6 Sep  8 10:51 boot
-rw-r--r--.   1 root root 17566826 Nov 26 04:28 demo-tool-1.0.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
drwxr-xr-x.   5 root root      340 Nov 26 04:53 dev
drwxr-xr-x.   1 root root       66 Nov 26 04:53 etc
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root        6 Sep  8 10:51 home
drwxr-xr-x.   1 root root       30 Nov 18 00:00 lib
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root       34 Nov 18 00:00 lib64
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root        6 Nov 18 00:00 media
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root        6 Nov 18 00:00 mnt
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root        6 Nov 18 00:00 opt
dr-xr-xr-x. 101 root root        0 Nov 26 04:53 proc
drwx------.   1 root root       24 Nov 23 14:34 root
drwxr-xr-x.   3 root root       30 Nov 18 00:00 run
drwxr-xr-x.   1 root root       20 Nov 23 00:13 sbin
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root        6 Nov 18 00:00 srv
dr-xr-xr-x.  13 root root        0 Nov 26 04:22 sys
drwxrwxrwt.   1 root root      115 Nov 26 04:53 tmp
drwxr-xr-x.   1 root root       19 Nov 18 00:00 usr
drwxr-xr-x.   1 root root       19 Nov 18 00:00 var
# curl localhost:8080/hello
Hello Docker!#

当然我们也可以通过虚拟机的ip去访问

http://10.56.34.234:8080/hello

在这里插入图片描述

1.这里注意下，我们没有指定端口，所以springboot 默认端口是8080
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