AUTOMAKE
小试牛刀
所需文件
使用automake管理单个可执行程序
- 所需文件
- hello–文件夹
- hello/Makefile.am
- hello/configure.ac
- hello/inc–文件夹
- hello/src–文件夹
- hello/src/main.c
- hello/src/Makefile.am
- hello/README
文件内容如下：
andrew@andrew-Thurley:~/work/hello$ cat configure.ac
AC_INIT([hello], [1.0], [[email protected]])
AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE([-Wall -Werror foreign])
AC_PROG_CC
AC_CONFIG_HEADERS([config.h])
AC_CONFIG_FILES([
Makefile
src/Makefile
])
AC_OUTPUT
andrew@andrew-Thurley:~/work/hello$
andrew@andrew-Thurley:~/work/hello$ cat Makefile.am
SUBDIRS = src
dist_doc_DATA = README
andrew@andrew-Thurley:~/work/hello$
andrew@andrew-Thurley:~/work/hello$ cat README
This is a test for automakeandrew@andrew-Thurley:~/work/hello$
andrew@andrew-Thurley:~/work/hello$ cat src/Makefile.am
bin_PROGRAMS = hello
hello_SOURCES = main.c
andrew@andrew-Thurley:~/work/hello$ cat src/main.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include "config.h"
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
puts("Hello world!\n");
puts("This is " PACKAGE_STRING ".");
return 0;
}
执行步骤
执行autoreconf --install
andrew@andrew-Thurley:~/work/hello$ autoreconf --install
configure.ac:3: installing './compile'
configure.ac:2: installing './install-sh'
configure.ac:2: installing './missing'
src/Makefile.am: installing './depcomp'
除了生成上述三个文件之外，执行 autoreconf --install之后还会生成，configure config.h.in Makefile.in and src/Makefile.in，带有后缀in的是临时文件，执行configure之后会生成对应的config.h Makefile src/Makeifle.
autoreconf其实是一个脚本，会按照正确的顺序调用autoconf automake等， 所以仅需调用autoreconf就不用担心自己调用脚本的顺序是否正缺正确了，autoreconf会按照正确的顺序执行对应的命令。
执行./configure
执行./configure用于生成对应Makeifle脚本和config.h头文件。
andrew@andrew-Thurley:~/work/hello$ ./configure
checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
checking whether build environment is sane... yes
checking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /bin/mkdir -p
checking for gawk... no
checking for mawk... mawk
checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes
checking whether make supports nested variables... yes
checking for gcc... gcc
checking whether the C compiler works... yes
checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
checking for suffix of executables...
checking whether we are cross compiling... no
checking for suffix of object files... o
checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes
checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes
checking for gcc option to accept ISO C89... none needed
checking whether gcc understands -c and -o together... yes
checking for style of include used by make... GNU
checking dependency style of gcc... gcc3
checking that generated files are newer than configure... done
configure: creating ./config.status
config.status: creating Makefile
config.status: creating src/Makefile
config.status: creating config.h
config.status: executing depfiles commands
执行make
执行make生成可执行文件
andrew@andrew-Thurley:~/work/hello$ make
make all-recursive
make[1]: Entering directory '/home/andrew/work/hello'
Making all in src
make[2]: Entering directory '/home/andrew/work/hello/src'
gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I.. -g -O2 -MT main.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/main.Tpo -c -o main.o main.c
mv -f .deps/main.Tpo .deps/main.Po
gcc -g -O2 -o hello main.o
make[2]: Leaving directory '/home/andrew/work/hello/src'
make[2]: Entering directory '/home/andrew/work/hello'
make[2]: Leaving directory '/home/andrew/work/hello'
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/andrew/work/hello'
文件含义
configure.ac
configure.ac会用于autoconf和automake用于生成makefile.ins
andrew@andrew-Thurley:~/work/hello$ cat configure.ac
# AC_ autoconf 宏，初始化autoconf
# AC_INIT 中的参数列表，代表的意思，文件夹名，版本号，bug报告地址
AC_INIT([hello], [1.0], [[email protected]])
# AM_ automake 宏 初始化automake
# AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE 中的参数列表是，传递给automake的，
# foreign 告诉automake这个工程不是标准的GNU项目，有些文件GNU中的必要的文件可以缺失
AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE([-Wall -Werror foreign])
# 告诉configure去寻找C编译器，并使用CC编译hello,configure将CC定义成对应编译工具
AC_PROG_CC
# autoconf会将上述定义的变量，生成对应的宏定义放到对应的config.h中
AC_CONFIG_HEADERS([config.h])
# 定义 configure应该根据 *.in等临时文件，生成的文件
AC_CONFIG_FILES([
Makefile
src/Makefile
])
# 结束命令，实际生成，AC_CONFIG_HEADERS AC_CONFIG_FILES 中注册的文件
AC_OUTPUT
Makefile.am
# SUBDIRS 指定需要构建的文件夹
# make dist时，会自动的将README发布，这里的dist_doc_DATA 是留给make install使用的
# The line dist_doc_DATA = README causes README to be distributed and installed in
# docdir.
andrew@andrew-Thurley:~/work/hello$ cat Makefile.am
SUBDIRS = src
dist_doc_DATA = README
andrew@andrew-Thurley:~/work/hello$
# 包含automake指令，用于构建和安装hello
# bin_PROGRAMS 是需要安装的可执行文件，如果文件不需要安装可以使用 noinst_PROGRAMS
# _PROGRAMS构建文件
# _SCRIPTS 生成脚本
# _DATA 生成数据文件
# _LIBRARIES 生成库文件
# make dist 发布文件时，source文件也会打到发布的文件中
andrew@andrew-Thurley:~/work/hello$ cat src/Makefile.am
bin_PROGRAMS = hello
hello_SOURCES = main.c
说明：
The line dist_doc_DATA = README causes README to be distributed and installed in docdir. Files listed with the _DATA primary are not automatically part of the tarball built with make dist, so we add the dist_ prefix so they get distributed. However, for README it would not have been necessary: automake automatically distributes any README file it en- counters (the list of other files automatically distributed is presented by automake --help). The only important effect of this second line is therefore to install README during make install.
发布程序
make dist
andrew@andrew-Thurley:~/work/hello$ make dist
make dist-gzip am__post_remove_distdir='@:'
make[1]: Entering directory '/home/andrew/work/hello'
if test -d "hello-1.0"; then find "hello-1.0" -type d ! -perm -200 -exec chmod u+w {} ';' && rm -rf "hello-1.0" || { sleep 5 && rm -rf "hello-1.0"; }; else :; fi
test -d "hello-1.0" || mkdir "hello-1.0"
(cd src && make top_distdir=../hello-1.0 distdir=../hello-1.0/src \
am__remove_distdir=: am__skip_length_check=: am__skip_mode_fix=: distdir)
make[2]: Entering directory '/home/andrew/work/hello/src'
make[2]: Leaving directory '/home/andrew/work/hello/src'
test -n "" \
|| find "hello-1.0" -type d ! -perm -755 \
-exec chmod u+rwx,go+rx {} \; -o \
! -type d ! -perm -444 -links 1 -exec chmod a+r {} \; -o \
! -type d ! -perm -400 -exec chmod a+r {} \; -o \
! -type d ! -perm -444 -exec /bin/bash /home/andrew/work/hello/install-sh -c -m a+r {} {} \; \
|| chmod -R a+r "hello-1.0"
tardir=hello-1.0 && ${TAR-tar} chof - "$tardir" | GZIP=--best gzip -c >hello-1.0.tar.gz
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/andrew/work/hello'
if test -d "hello-1.0"; then find "hello-1.0" -type d ! -perm -200 -exec chmod u+w {} ';' && rm -rf "hello-1.0" || { sleep 5 && rm -rf "hello-1.0"; }; else :; fi
example
编译可执行文件
#Makefile.am文件
bin_PROGRAMS = xxx
#bin_PROGRAMS 表示指定要生成的可执行应用程序文件，这表示可执行文件在安装时需要被安装到系统
#中；如果只是想编译，不想被安装到系统中，可以用noinst_PROGRAMS来代替
xxx_SOURCES = a.c b.c c.c main.c d.c xxx.c
#xxx_SOURCES表示生成可执行应用程序所用的源文件，这里注意，xxx_是由前面的bin_PROGRAMS
#指定的，如果前面是生成example,那么这里就是example_SOURCES，其它的类似标识也是一样
xxx_CPPFLAGS = -DCONFIG_DIR=\"$(sysconfdir)\" -DLIBRARY_DIR=\"$(pkglibdir)\"
#xxx_CPPFLAGS 这和Makefile文件中一样，表示C语言预处理参数，这里指定了DCONFIG_DIR，以后
#在程序中，就可以直接使用CONFIG_DIR。不要把这个和另一个CFLAGS混淆，后者表示编译器参数
xxx_LDFLAGS = -export-dynamic -lmemcached
#xxx_LDFLAGS 连接的时候所需库文件的标识，这个也就是对应一些如-l,-shared等选项
noinst_HEADERS = xxx.h
#这个表示该头文件只是参加可执行文件的编译，而不用安装到安装目录下。如果需要安装到系统中，
#可以用include_HEADERS来代替
INCLUDES = -I/usr/local/libmemcached/include/
#INCLUDES 链接时所需要的头文件
xxx_LDADD = $(top_builddir)/sx/libsession.a \
$(top_builddir)/util/libutil.a
#xxx_LDADD 链接时所需要的库文件，这里表示需要两个库文件的支持
编译动态库
#Makefile.am文件
xxxlibdir=$(libdir)//新建一个目录，该目录就是lib目录，运行后xxx.so将安装在该目录下
xxxlib_PROGRAMS=xxx.so
xxx_so_SOURCES=xxx.c
xxx_so_LDFLAGS=-shared -fpic //GCC编译动态库的选项
编译静态库
#Makefile.am文件 noinst 说明该库不需要安装
noinst_LTLIBRARIES = xxx.a
noinst_HEADERS = a.h b.h
xxx_a_SOURCES = a.c b.c xxx.c
