Files.lines()使用问题

Java8的标准库中增加了一个新的方法:

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public final class Files

{

    public static Stream<String> lines(Path path) throws IOException

}

方法描述文档

这个方法很简单,从path对应的文件中读取所有内容,并按行分割,返回一个 Stream<String>。

使用这个方法可以很容易的从一个文件中读取连续的某几行内容。如:

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try{

    return Files.lines(Paths.get(file)).skip(start).limit(limit).collect(Collectors.toList());

}catch(IOExceptione){

    logger.error("get content from {} error,{}", file, e.getMessage());

}

我在系统中用上面这段代码从/proc/stat中定时读取系统状态。一切看着都很完美。
但是!
当系统运行了一天之后,系统突然不可用了。。。打开日志,满屏幕的这个错误:

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/proc/stat: Too many open files

毫无疑问, Files.lines()这个方法有问题,没有关闭打开的文件。

仔细看了一下官方文档,里面有这么一句:

If timely disposal of file system resources is required, the try-with-resources construct should be used to ensure that the stream’s close method is invoked after the stream operations are completed.

啥意思呢?就是说如果需要周期性的读取文件,需要使用 try-with-resources语句来保证stream的close方法被调用,从而关闭打开的文件。
就像下面这样:

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try(Stream<String> stream = Files.lines(Paths.get(file))){

    return stream.skip(start).limit(limit).collect(Collectors.toList());

} catch (IOException e){

    logger.error("get content from{} error,{}",file, e.getMessage());

}

改用上面这个方式之后,一切安好。。。

为啥非要这样写呢?
首先需要了解Java的 try-with-resources语句,参考文档
try-with-resources语句可以自动调用资源的close方法。因此,上面那个正确的调用方式等价于下面这种:

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Stream<String> stream = Files.lines(Paths.get(file));

try {

    return stream.skip(start).limit(limit).collect(Collectors.toList());

} catch (IOException e){

    logger.error("get content from{} error,{}",file, e.getMessage());

} finally {

    stream.close();

}

重点在finally块里,调用了Stream的close方法。Stream的close方法的作用在其注释里面有说明:

Closes this stream, causing all close handlers for this stream pipeline to be called.

Stream的close方法会调用所有 close handlers。
Stream还有一个onClose方法:

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/**

* Returns an equivalent stream with an additional close handler.  Close

* handlers are run when the {@link #close()} method

* is called on the stream, and are executed in the order they were

* added.  All close handlers are run, even if earlier close handlers throw

* exceptions.  If any close handler throws an exception, the first

* exception thrown will be relayed to the caller of {@code close()}, with

* any remaining exceptions added to that exception as suppressed exceptions

* (unless one of the remaining exceptions is the same exception as the

* first exception, since an exception cannot suppress itself.)  May

* return itself.

*

* <p>This is an <a href="package-summary.html#StreamOps">intermediate

* operation</a>.

*

* @param closeHandler A task to execute when the stream is closed

* @return a stream with a handler that is run if the stream is closed

*/

S onClose(Runnable closeHandler);

注释比较长,总结一下就是给Stream添加一个 close handler。Stream的close方法调用的 close handlers正是通过这个方法添加的。

那么问题来了, Files.lines()返回的Stream有添加 close handler么?
打开 Files.lines()的代码:

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public static Stream<String> lines(Path path, Charset cs) throws IOException {

    BufferedReader br = Files.newBufferedReader(path, cs);

    try {

        return br.lines().onClose(asUncheckedRunnable(br));

    } catch (Error|RuntimeException e) {

        try {

            br.close();

        } catch (IOException ex) {

            try {

                e.addSuppressed(ex);

            } catch (Throwable ignore) {}

        }

        throw e;

    }

}

重点是这行 return br.lines().onClose(asUncheckedRunnable(br));。
BufferedReader.lines()方法返回的也是一个 Stream<String>。然后,调用了这个Stream的 onClose方法设置了一个close handler
打开 asUncheckedRunnable的代码:

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private static Runnable asUncheckedRunnable(Closeable c) {

    return () -> {

        try {

            c.close();

        } catch (IOException e) {

            throw new UncheckedIOException(e);

        }

    };

}

破案了~

Files.lines()方法在其返回的Stream里面添加了一个close handler,在close handler里面关闭其打开的文件。所以,必须调用其返回的Stream的close方法来保证关闭文件。

这里面还有一个问题:

collect(Collectors.toList())方法是一个termianl操作,把Stream转成了List,难道 Stream.collect()里面没有调用close方法么?

答案是确实没有。。。

Stream.collect()的代码比较复杂,各位可以自行查看,这里就不分析了。

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转载自blog.csdn.net/sunboylife/article/details/103310468