简述
首先,一个新的内容点所关心的是应用场景以及为什么要应用,这是学习的一个点。Nginx恐怕是一个频繁从耳边经过的一个词汇了,有什么作用?涉及的反向代理意思又是什么?
①Nginx 最初是作为一个 Web 服务器创建的,用于解决 C10k 的问题(现在已经不是C10k的问题了),现在主要用于
分发请求
②反向代理:传统的正向代理是,客户端明确请求地址,然后通过中间代理来访问并获取某个地址的资源。而反向代理
呢,是客户端请求中间代理,具体哪一个地址来响应是由中间代理决定
安装环境:centOS 7.5
nginx: version -1.13.8
文件目录:/opt
默认:prce 8.25 (使Nginx 支持 Rewrite 功能)(如无自行安装)(本文安装位置在/opt文件夹下)
wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/pcre/pcre/8.35/pcre-8.35.tar.gz
以防万一:安装编译库
yum -y install make zlib zlib-devel gcc-c++ libtool openssl openssl-devel
1、安装
①获取nginx (可自行百度官网下载)
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.13.8.tar.gz②解压
tar zxvf nginx-1.13.8.tar.gz③进入并编译安装
./configure --prefix=/opt/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-pcre=/opt/pcre-8.35
make && make install④查看nginx版本
/opt/nginx/sbin/nginx -v
2、配置
①创建 Nginx 运行使用的用户 nginx:
/usr/sbin/groupadd nginx /usr/sbin/useradd -g nginx nginx
②配置nginx.conf ,将/opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf替换为以下内容
user nginx nginx; worker_processes 1; # 设置值和CPU核心数一致 error_log /opt/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit; #日志位置和日志级别 #error_log logs/error.log; #error_log logs/error.log notice; #error_log logs/error.log info; #pid logs/nginx.pid; pid /opt/nginx/nginx.pid; #Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process. worker_rlimit_nofile 65535; events { use epoll; worker_connections 65535; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for'; #chartset gb2312 server_names_hash_bucket_size 128; client_header_buffer_size 32k; large_client_header_buffers 4 32k; client_max_body_size 8m; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; keepalive_timeout 60; tcp_nodelay on; fastcgi_connect_timeout 300; fastcgi_send_timeout 300; fastcgi_read_timeout 300; fastcgi_buffer_size 64k; fastcgi_buffers 4 64k; fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k; fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k; gzip on; #对响应数据进行压缩 gzip_min_length 1k; gzip_buffers 4 16k; gzip_http_version 1.0; gzip_comp_level 2; gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml; gzip_vary on; #limit_zone crawler $binary_remote_addr 10m; #下面是server虚拟主机的配置 server { listen 80; #监听端口 server_name localhost;#域名 index index.html index.htm index.php; root /opt/nginx/html; #站点目录 location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$ { #fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; include fastcgi.conf; } location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf|ico)$ { expires 30d; # access_log off; } location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$ { expires 15d; # access_log off; } access_log off; } }
③检查配置文件ngnix.conf的正确性命令
/opt/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
④Nginx 启动命令如下:
/opt/nginx/sbin/nginx
⑤从浏览器访问我们配置的站点ip:
⑥其他常用命令:
/opt/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload # 重新载入配置文件 /opt/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reopen # 重启 Nginx /opt/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop # 停止 Nginx /opt/nginx/sbin/nginx -s quit – 优雅关闭 (等待 worker 线程完成处理 nginx -t #测试配置 nginx -q #测试配置时,只输出错误信息