ESP8266开发之旅网络篇⑰ NTP——时间服务

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文章目录

1.前言
2. NTP报文协议
3. 获取NTP时间

3.1 拼接NTP协议
3.2 NTPClient库

3.2.1 NTPClient 库的安装
3.2.2 NTPClient库使用

4.总结

1.前言

NTP(Network Time Protocol）网络时间协议基于UDP，用于网络时间同步的协议，使网络中的计算机时钟同步到UTC，再配合各个时区的偏移调整就能实现精准同步对时功能。提供NTP对时的服务器有很多，比如微软的NTP对时服务器，利用NTP服务器提供的对时功能，可以使我们的设备时钟系统能够正确运行。

ESP8266也可以通过建立与NTP服务的连接，来获取实时时间。

2. NTP报文协议

在这里插入图片描述
NTP报文格式如上图所示，它的字段含义参考如下：

LI 闰秒标识器，占用2个bit，为“11”时表示告警状态，时钟未被同步。为其他值时NTP本身不做处理。
VN 版本号，占用3个bits，表示NTP的版本号，现在为3
Mode 模式，长度为3比特，表示NTP的工作模式。不同的值所表示的含义分别是：0未定义、1表示主动对等体模式、2表示被动对等体模式、3表示客户模式、4表示服务器模式、5表示广播模式或组播模式、6表示此报文为NTP控制报文、7预留给内部使用。
stratum（层），占用8个bits，系统时钟的层数，取值范围为1～16，它定义了时钟的准确度。层数为1的时钟准确度最高，准确度从1到16依次递减，层数为16的时钟处于未同步状态，不能作为参考时钟。
Poll 测试间隔，占用8个bits，轮询时间，即两个连续NTP报文之间的时间间隔。
Precision 精度，占用8个bits，，表示本地时钟精度
Root Delay根时延，占用8个bits，表示在主参考源之间往返的总共时延
Root Dispersion根离散，占用8个bits，系统时钟相对于主参考时钟的最大误差。
Reference Identifier 参考时钟标识符，占用8个bits，系统时钟最后一次被设定或更新的时间
Reference Timestamp 参考时间戳，64bits时间戳，本地时钟被修改的最新时间。
Originate Timestamp 原始时间戳，NTP请求报文离开发送端时发送端的本地时间，64bits。
Receive Timestamp 接受时间戳，NTP请求报文到达接收端时接收端的本地时间，64bits。
Transmit Timestamp 传送时间戳，应答报文离开应答者时应答者的本地时间，64bits。
认证符（可选项）

具体可以参考 NTP协议详解

3. 获取NTP时间

方法1：自己拼接 NTP协议
方法2：使用现成的NTP第三方库

3.1 拼接NTP协议

实例代码：

/*

  Udp NTP Client

  Get the time from a Network Time Protocol (NTP) time server
  Demonstrates use of UDP sendPacket and ReceivePacket
  For more on NTP time servers and the messages needed to communicate with them,
  see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_Time_Protocol

  created 4 Sep 2010
  by Michael Margolis
  modified 9 Apr 2012
  by Tom Igoe
  updated for the ESP8266 12 Apr 2015
  by Ivan Grokhotkov

  This code is in the public domain.

*/

#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <WiFiUdp.h>

char ssid[] = "*************";  //  your network SSID (name)
char pass[] = "********";       // your network password


unsigned int localPort = 2390;      // local port to listen for UDP packets

/* Don't hardwire the IP address or we won't get the benefits of the pool.
    Lookup the IP address for the host name instead */
//IPAddress timeServer(129, 6, 15, 28); // time.nist.gov NTP server
IPAddress timeServerIP; // time.nist.gov NTP server address
const char* ntpServerName = "ntp1.aliyun.com";

const int NTP_PACKET_SIZE = 48; // NTP time stamp is in the first 48 bytes of the message

byte packetBuffer[ NTP_PACKET_SIZE]; //buffer to hold incoming and outgoing packets

// A UDP instance to let us send and receive packets over UDP
WiFiUDP udp;

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  Serial.println();
  Serial.println();

  // We start by connecting to a WiFi network
  Serial.print("Connecting to ");
  Serial.println(ssid);
  WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);
  WiFi.begin(ssid, pass);

  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
    delay(500);
    Serial.print(".");
  }
  Serial.println("");

  Serial.println("WiFi connected");
  Serial.println("IP address: ");
  Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());

  Serial.println("Starting UDP");
  udp.begin(localPort);
  Serial.print("Local port: ");
  Serial.println(udp.localPort());
}

void loop() {
  //get a random server from the pool
  WiFi.hostByName(ntpServerName, timeServerIP);

  sendNTPpacket(timeServerIP); // send an NTP packet to a time server
  // wait to see if a reply is available
  delay(1000);

  int cb = udp.parsePacket();
  if (!cb) {
    Serial.println("no packet yet");
  } else {
    Serial.print("packet received, length=");
    Serial.println(cb);
    // We've received a packet, read the data from it
    udp.read(packetBuffer, NTP_PACKET_SIZE); // read the packet into the buffer

    //the timestamp starts at byte 40 of the received packet and is four bytes,
    // or two words, long. First, esxtract the two words:

    unsigned long highWord = word(packetBuffer[40], packetBuffer[41]);
    unsigned long lowWord = word(packetBuffer[42], packetBuffer[43]);
    // combine the four bytes (two words) into a long integer
    // this is NTP time (seconds since Jan 1 1900):
    unsigned long secsSince1900 = highWord << 16 | lowWord;
    Serial.print("Seconds since Jan 1 1900 = ");
    Serial.println(secsSince1900);

    // now convert NTP time into everyday time:
    Serial.print("Unix time = ");
    // Unix time starts on Jan 1 1970. In seconds, that's 2208988800:
    const unsigned long seventyYears = 2208988800UL;
    // subtract seventy years:
    unsigned long epoch = secsSince1900 - seventyYears;
    // print Unix time:
    Serial.println(epoch);


    // print the hour, minute and second:
    Serial.print("The UTC time is ");       // UTC is the time at Greenwich Meridian (GMT)
    Serial.print((epoch  % 86400L) / 3600); // print the hour (86400 equals secs per day)
    Serial.print(':');
    if (((epoch % 3600) / 60) < 10) {
      // In the first 10 minutes of each hour, we'll want a leading '0'
      Serial.print('0');
    }
    Serial.print((epoch  % 3600) / 60); // print the minute (3600 equals secs per minute)
    Serial.print(':');
    if ((epoch % 60) < 10) {
      // In the first 10 seconds of each minute, we'll want a leading '0'
      Serial.print('0');
    }
    Serial.println(epoch % 60); // print the second
  }
  // wait ten seconds before asking for the time again
  delay(10000);
}

// send an NTP request to the time server at the given address
void sendNTPpacket(IPAddress& address) {
  Serial.println("sending NTP packet...");
  // set all bytes in the buffer to 0
  memset(packetBuffer, 0, NTP_PACKET_SIZE);
  // Initialize values needed to form NTP request
  // (see URL above for details on the packets)
  packetBuffer[0] = 0b11100011;   // LI, Version, Mode
  packetBuffer[1] = 0;     // Stratum, or type of clock
  packetBuffer[2] = 6;     // Polling Interval
  packetBuffer[3] = 0xEC;  // Peer Clock Precision
  // 8 bytes of zero for Root Delay & Root Dispersion
  packetBuffer[12]  = 49;
  packetBuffer[13]  = 0x4E;
  packetBuffer[14]  = 49;
  packetBuffer[15]  = 52;

  // all NTP fields have been given values, now
  // you can send a packet requesting a timestamp:
  udp.beginPacket(address, 123); //NTP requests are to port 123
  udp.write(packetBuffer, NTP_PACKET_SIZE);
  udp.endPacket();
}

3.2 NTPClient库

3.2.1 NTPClient 库的安装

使用NTP服务需要先安装 NTPClient 库,库管理器：
在这里插入图片描述

3.2.2 NTPClient库使用

#include <NTPClient.h>
// change next line to use with another board/shield
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
//#include <WiFi.h> // for WiFi shield
//#include <WiFi101.h> // for WiFi 101 shield or MKR1000
#include <WiFiUdp.h>

const char *ssid     = "<SSID>";
const char *password = "<PASSWORD>";

WiFiUDP ntpUDP;

// You can specify the time server pool and the offset (in seconds, can be
// changed later with setTimeOffset() ). Additionaly you can specify the
// update interval (in milliseconds, can be changed using setUpdateInterval() ).
NTPClient timeClient(ntpUDP, "ntp1.aliyun.com", 3600, 60000);

void setup(){
  Serial.begin(115200);

  WiFi.begin(ssid, password);

  while ( WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED ) {
    delay ( 500 );
    Serial.print ( "." );
  }

  timeClient.begin();
}

void loop() {
  timeClient.update();

  Serial.println(timeClient.getFormattedTime());

  delay(1000);
}

博主这里偷懒一下，直接撸上源码说明以及可用方法：

#pragma once

#include "Arduino.h"

#include <Udp.h>

#define SEVENZYYEARS 2208988800UL
#define NTP_PACKET_SIZE 48
#define NTP_DEFAULT_LOCAL_PORT 1337

class NTPClient {
  private:
    UDP*          _udp;
    bool          _udpSetup       = false;

    const char*   _poolServerName = "pool.ntp.org"; // Default time server
    IPAddress     _poolServerIP;
    int           _port           = NTP_DEFAULT_LOCAL_PORT;
    long          _timeOffset     = 0;

    unsigned long _updateInterval = 60000;  // In ms

    unsigned long _currentEpoc    = 0;      // In s
    unsigned long _lastUpdate     = 0;      // In ms

    byte          _packetBuffer[NTP_PACKET_SIZE];

    void          sendNTPPacket();

  public:
    NTPClient(UDP& udp);
    NTPClient(UDP& udp, long timeOffset);
    NTPClient(UDP& udp, const char* poolServerName);
    NTPClient(UDP& udp, const char* poolServerName, long timeOffset);
    NTPClient(UDP& udp, const char* poolServerName, long timeOffset, unsigned long updateInterval);
    NTPClient(UDP& udp, IPAddress poolServerIP);
    NTPClient(UDP& udp, IPAddress poolServerIP, long timeOffset);
    NTPClient(UDP& udp, IPAddress poolServerIP, long timeOffset, unsigned long updateInterval);

    /**
     * Set time server name
     *
     * @param poolServerName
     */
    void setPoolServerName(const char* poolServerName);

    /**
     * Starts the underlying UDP client with the default local port
     */
    void begin();

    /**
     * Starts the underlying UDP client with the specified local port
     */
    void begin(int port);

    /**
     * This should be called in the main loop of your application. By default an update from the NTP Server is only
     * made every 60 seconds. This can be configured in the NTPClient constructor.
     *
     * @return true on success, false on failure
     */
    bool update();

    /**
     * This will force the update from the NTP Server.
     *
     * @return true on success, false on failure
     */
    bool forceUpdate();

    int getDay() const;
    int getHours() const;
    int getMinutes() const;
    int getSeconds() const;

    /**
     * Changes the time offset. Useful for changing timezones dynamically
     */
    void setTimeOffset(int timeOffset);

    /**
     * Set the update interval to another frequency. E.g. useful when the
     * timeOffset should not be set in the constructor
     */
    void setUpdateInterval(unsigned long updateInterval);

    /**
     * @return time formatted like `hh:mm:ss`
     */
    String getFormattedTime() const;

    /**
     * @return time in seconds since Jan. 1, 1970
     */
    unsigned long getEpochTime() const;

    /**
     * Stops the underlying UDP client
     */
    void end();
};

4.总结

通过NTP时间服务，我们可以：

做个在线时钟+OLED显示
同步本地时钟时间（代码都不难，请自行学习）

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ESP8266开发之旅 网络篇⑰ NTP——时间服务