RabbitMQ是一个在AMQP基础上完整的，可服用的企业消息系统。他遵循Mozilla Public License开源协议。
MQ全称为Message Queue，消息队列（MQ）是一种应用程序对应用程序的通信方法。
应用程序通过读写出入队列的消息（针对应用程序的数据）来通信，而无需专用连接来链接它们。
消息传递指的是程序之间通过在消息中发送数据进行通信，而不是通过直接调用彼此来通信，直接调用通常是用于诸如远程过程调用的技术。
队列的使用除去了接收和发送应用程序同时执行的要求。
RabbitMQ安装
安装配置epel源 $ rpm -ivh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm 安装erlang $ yum -y install erlang 安装RabbitMQ $ yum -y install rabbitmq-server
注意：service rabbitmq-server start/stop
安装API
pip install pika or easy_install pika or 源码 https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pika
使用API操作RabbitMQ
基于Queue实现生产者消费者模型
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- 3 import Queue 4 import threading 5 6 7 message = Queue.Queue(10) 8 9 10 def producer(i): 11 while True: 12 message.put(i) 13 14 15 def consumer(i): 16 while True: 17 msg = message.get() 18 19 20 for i in range(12): 21 t = threading.Thread(target=producer, args=(i,)) 22 t.start() 23 24 for i in range(10): 25 t = threading.Thread(target=consumer, args=(i,)) 26 t.start()
对于RabbitMQ来说，生产和消费不再针对内存里的一个Queue对象，而是某台服务器上的RabbitMQ Server实现的消息队列。
生产者：
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 import pika 3 4 # ######################### 生产者 ######################### 5 6 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters( 7 host='localhost')) 8 channel = connection.channel() 9 10 channel.queue_declare(queue='hello') 11 12 channel.basic_publish(exchange='', 13 routing_key='hello', 14 body='Hello World!') 15 print(" [x] Sent 'Hello World!'") 16 connection.close()
消费者：
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 import pika 3 4 # ########################## 消费者 ########################## 5 6 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters( 7 host='localhost')) 8 channel = connection.channel() 9 10 channel.queue_declare(queue='hello') 11 12 def callback(ch, method, properties, body): 13 print(" [x] Received %r" % body) 14 15 channel.basic_consume(callback, 16 queue='hello', 17 no_ack=True) 18 19 print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C') 20 channel.start_consuming()
1.acknowledgment消息不丢失
no-ack ＝ False，如果消费者遇到情况(its channel is closed, connection is closed, or TCP connection is lost)挂掉了，那么，RabbitMQ会重新将该任务添加到队列中。
1 1 import pika 2 2 3 3 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters( 4 4 host='10.211.55.4')) 5 5 channel = connection.channel() 6 6 7 7 channel.queue_declare(queue='hello') 8 8 9 9 def callback(ch, method, properties, body): 10 10 print(" [x] Received %r" % body) 11 11 import time 12 12 time.sleep(10) 13 13 print 'ok' 14 14 ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag) 15 15 16 16 channel.basic_consume(callback, 17 17 queue='hello', 18 18 no_ack=False) 19 19 20 20 print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C') 21 21 channel.start_consuming()
2.durable消息不丢失
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 import pika 3 4 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='10.211.55.4')) 5 channel = connection.channel() 6 7 # make message persistent 8 channel.queue_declare(queue='hello', durable=True) 9 10 channel.basic_publish(exchange='', 11 routing_key='hello', 12 body='Hello World!', 13 properties=pika.BasicProperties( 14 delivery_mode=2, # make message persistent 15 )) 16 print(" [x] Sent 'Hello World!'") 17 connection.close()
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- 3 import pika 4 5 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='10.211.55.4')) 6 channel = connection.channel() 7 8 # make message persistent 9 channel.queue_declare(queue='hello', durable=True) 10 11 12 def callback(ch, method, properties, body): 13 print(" [x] Received %r" % body) 14 import time 15 time.sleep(10) 16 print 'ok' 17 ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag) 18 19 channel.basic_consume(callback, 20 queue='hello', 21 no_ack=False) 22 23 print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C') 24 channel.start_consuming()
3.消费获取顺序
默认消息队列里的数据是按照顺序被消费者拿走，例如：消费者1 去队列中获取 奇数 序列的任务，消费者1去队列中获取 偶数 序列的任务。
channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1) 表示谁来谁取，不再按照奇偶数排列
消费者：
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- 3 import pika 4 5 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='10.211.55.4')) 6 channel = connection.channel() 7 8 # make message persistent 9 channel.queue_declare(queue='hello') 10 11 12 def callback(ch, method, properties, body): 13 print(" [x] Received %r" % body) 14 import time 15 time.sleep(10) 16 print 'ok' 17 ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag) 18 19 channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1) 20 21 channel.basic_consume(callback, 22 queue='hello', 23 no_ack=False) 24 25 print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C') 26 channel.start_consuming()
4.发布订阅
发布订阅和简单的消息队列区别在于，发布订阅会将消息发送给所有的订阅者，而消息队列中的数据被消费一次便消失。
所以，RabbitMQ实现发布和订阅时，会为每一个订阅者创建一个队列，而发布者发布消息时，会将消息放置在所有相关队列中。
exchange type = fanout
发布者：
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 import pika 3 import sys 4 5 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters( 6 host='localhost')) 7 channel = connection.channel() 8 9 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs', 10 type='fanout') 11 12 message = ' '.join(sys.argv[1:]) or "info: Hello World!" 13 channel.basic_publish(exchange='logs', 14 routing_key='', 15 body=message) 16 print(" [x] Sent %r" % message) 17 connection.close()
订阅者：
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 import pika 3 4 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters( 5 host='localhost')) 6 channel = connection.channel() 7 8 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs', 9 type='fanout') 10 11 result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True) 12 queue_name = result.method.queue 13 14 channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs', 15 queue=queue_name) 16 17 print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C') 18 19 def callback(ch, method, properties, body): 20 print(" [x] %r" % body) 21 22 channel.basic_consume(callback, 23 queue=queue_name, 24 no_ack=True) 25 26 channel.start_consuming()
5.关键字发送
exchange type = direct
之前事例，发送消息时明确指定某个队列并向其中发送消息，RabbitMQ还支持根据关键字发送，即：队列绑定关键字，发送者将数据根据关键字发送到消息exchange，exchange根据 关键字 判定应该将数据发送至指定队列。
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 import pika 3 import sys 4 5 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters( 6 host='localhost')) 7 channel = connection.channel() 8 9 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='direct_logs', 10 type='direct') 11 12 result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True) 13 queue_name = result.method.queue 14 15 severities = sys.argv[1:] 16 if not severities: 17 sys.stderr.write("Usage: %s [info] [warning] [error]\n" % sys.argv[0]) 18 sys.exit(1) 19 20 for severity in severities: 21 channel.queue_bind(exchange='direct_logs', 22 queue=queue_name, 23 routing_key=severity) 24 25 print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C') 26 27 def callback(ch, method, properties, body): 28 print(" [x] %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body)) 29 30 channel.basic_consume(callback, 31 queue=queue_name, 32 no_ack=True) 33 34 channel.start_consuming()
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 import pika 3 import sys 4 5 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters( 6 host='localhost')) 7 channel = connection.channel() 8 9 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='direct_logs', 10 type='direct') 11 12 severity = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else 'info' 13 message = ' '.join(sys.argv[2:]) or 'Hello World!' 14 channel.basic_publish(exchange='direct_logs', 15 routing_key=severity, 16 body=message) 17 print(" [x] Sent %r:%r" % (severity, message)) 18 connection.close()
6.模糊匹配
exchange type = topic
在topic类型下，可以让队列绑定几个模糊的关键字，之后发送者将数据发送到exchange，exchange将传入”路由值“和 ”关键字“进行匹配，匹配成功，则将数据发送到指定队列。
- # 表示可以匹配 0 个 或 多个 单词
- * 表示只能匹配 一个 单词
1 发送者路由值 队列中 2 old.boy.python old.* -- 不匹配 3 old.boy.python old.# -- 匹配
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 import pika 3 import sys 4 5 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters( 6 host='localhost')) 7 channel = connection.channel() 8 9 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='topic_logs', 10 type='topic') 11 12 result = channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True) 13 queue_name = result.method.queue 14 15 binding_keys = sys.argv[1:] 16 if not binding_keys: 17 sys.stderr.write("Usage: %s [binding_key]...\n" % sys.argv[0]) 18 sys.exit(1) 19 20 for binding_key in binding_keys: 21 channel.queue_bind(exchange='topic_logs', 22 queue=queue_name, 23 routing_key=binding_key) 24 25 print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C') 26 27 def callback(ch, method, properties, body): 28 print(" [x] %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body)) 29 30 channel.basic_consume(callback, 31 queue=queue_name, 32 no_ack=True) 33 34 channel.start_consuming()
1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 import pika 3 import sys 4 5 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters( 6 host='localhost')) 7 channel = connection.channel() 8 9 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='topic_logs', 10 type='topic') 11 12 routing_key = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else 'anonymous.info' 13 message = ' '.join(sys.argv[2:]) or 'Hello World!' 14 channel.basic_publish(exchange='topic_logs', 15 routing_key=routing_key, 16 body=message) 17 print(" [x] Sent %r:%r" % (routing_key, message)) 18 connection.close()
1 sudo rabbitmqctl add_user alex 123 2 # 设置用户为administrator角色 3 sudo rabbitmqctl set_user_tags alex administrator 4 # 设置权限 5 sudo rabbitmqctl set_permissions -p "/" alex '.''.''.' 6 7 # 然后重启rabbiMQ服务 8 sudo /etc/init.d/rabbitmq-server restart 9 10 # 然后可以使用刚才的用户远程连接rabbitmq server了。 11 12 13 ------------------------------ 14 credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("alex","123") 15 16 connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('192.168.14.47',credentials=credentials))