Write operations are not allowed in read-only mode(转)

使用Spring提供的Open Session In View而引起Write operations are not allowed in read-only mode (FlushMode.NEVER) 错误解决:

       在没有使用Spring提供的Open Session In View情况下,因需要在service(or Dao)层里把session关闭,所以lazy loading 为true的话,要在应用层内把关系集合都初始化,如 company.getEmployees(),否则Hibernate抛session already closed Exception;    Open Session In View提供了一种简便的方法,较好地解决了lazy loading问题.

它有两种配置方式OpenSessionInViewInterceptor和OpenSessionInViewFilter(具体参看SpringSide),功能相同,只是一个在web.xml配置,另一个在application.xml配置而已。

Open Session In View在request把session绑定到当前thread期间一直保持hibernate session在open状态,使session在request的整个期间都可以使用,如在View层里PO也可以lazy loading数据,如 ${ company.employees }。当View 层逻辑完成后,才会通过Filter的doFilter方法或Interceptor的postHandle方法自动关闭session。

OpenSessionInViewInterceptor配置

<beans>
<bean name="openSessionInViewInterceptor" 
   class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.OpenSessionInViewInterceptor"> 
   <property name="sessionFactory"> 
     <ref bean="sessionFactory"/> 
   </property> 
</bean>
<bean id="urlMapping"
   class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
   <property name="interceptors"> 
     <list>
       <ref bean="openSessionInViewInterceptor"/> 
     </list> 
   </property>
   <property name="mappings">
     ...
   </property> 
</bean>
 ...
</beans>
 

OpenSessionInViewFilter配置

<web-app> 
  ... 
  <filter> 
     <filter-name>hibernateFilter</filter-name>
     <filter-class>
       org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter
     </filter-class>
     <!-- singleSession默认为true,若设为false则等于没用OpenSessionInView -->
     <init-param>
       <param-name>singleSession</param-name>
       <param-value>true</param-value> 
     </init-param> 
   </filter> 
   ...
   <filter-mapping>
     <filter-name>hibernateFilter</filter-name> 
     <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
   </filter-mapping>
   ... 
 </web-app>
 

      很多人在使用OpenSessionInView过程中提及一个错误:

  1. org.springframework.dao.InvalidDataAccessApiUsageException: Write operations 

  2. are not allowed in read-only mode (FlushMode.NEVER) - turn your Session into 

  3. FlushMode.AUTO or remove 'readOnly' marker from transaction definition 

看看OpenSessionInViewFilter里的几个方法

protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request,
  HttpServletResponse response,FilterChain filterChain)
  throws ServletException, IOException {
 SessionFactory sessionFactory = lookupSessionFactory();
 logger.debug("Opening Hibernate Session in OpenSessionInViewFilter");
 Session session = getSession(sessionFactory);
 TransactionSynchronizationManager.bindResource(
  sessionFactory, new SessionHolder(session));
   try {
    filterChain.doFilter(request, response);
   }
   finally {
   TransactionSynchronizationManager.unbindResource(sessionFactory);
   logger.debug("Closing Hibernate Session in OpenSessionInViewFilter");
   closeSession(session, sessionFactory);
 }
}
 protected Session getSession(SessionFactory sessionFactory)
   throws DataAccessResourceFailureException {
  Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.getSession(sessionFactory, true);
  session.setFlushMode(FlushMode.NEVER);
  return session;
} 
 protected void closeSession(Session session, SessionFactory sessionFactory)
   throws CleanupFailureDataAccessException {
  SessionFactoryUtils.closeSessionIfNecessary(session, sessionFactory);
}
 

可以看到OpenSessionInViewFilter在getSession的时候,会把获取回来的session的flush mode 设为FlushMode.NEVER。然后把该sessionFactory绑定到 TransactionSynchronizationManager,使request的整个过程都使用同一个session,在请求过后再接除该 sessionFactory的绑定,最后closeSessionIfNecessary根据该 session是否已和transaction绑定来决定是否关闭session。在这个过程中,若HibernateTemplate 发现自当前session有不是readOnly的transaction,就会获取到FlushMode.AUTO Session,使方法拥有写权限。

public static void closeSessionIfNecessary(Session session, SessionFactory sessionFactory) 
 throws CleanupFailureDataAccessException { 
 if (session == null ||
    TransactionSynchronizationManager.hasResource(sessionFactory)) {
    return; 
  } 
  logger.debug("Closing Hibernate session");
  try { 
    session.close(); 
  } 
  catch (JDBCException ex) {
  // SQLException underneath 
  throw new CleanupFailureDataAccessException("Could not close Hibernate session", ex.getSQLException()); 
  } 
  catch (HibernateException ex) {
  throw new CleanupFailureDataAccessException("Could not close Hibernate session",  ex); 
  }
}  
 

也即是,如果有不是readOnly的transaction就可以由Flush.NEVER转为Flush.AUTO,拥有 insert,update,delete操作权限,如果没有transaction,并且没有另外人为地设flush model的话,则doFilter的整个过程都是Flush.NEVER。所以受transaction保护的方法有写权限,没受保护的则没有。

采用spring的事务声明,使方法受transaction控制

<bean id="baseTransaction"
class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"
abstract="true">
<property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager"/>
<property name="proxyTargetClass" value="true"/>
<property name="transactionAttributes">
<props>
<prop key="get*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop>
<prop key="find*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop>
<prop key="load*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop>
<prop key="save*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
<prop key="add*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
<prop key="update*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
<prop key="remove*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean> 
<bean id="userService" parent="baseTransaction">
<property name="target">
<bean class="com.phopesoft.security.service.impl.UserServiceImpl"/>
</property>
</bean>
 

对于上例,则以save,add,update,remove开头的方法拥有可写的事务,如果当前有某个方法,如命名为importExcel(),则因没有transaction而没有写权限,这时若方法内有insert,update,delete操作的话,则需要手动设置flush model为Flush.AUTO,如

  1. session.setFlushMode(FlushMode.AUTO); 

  2. session.save(user); 

  3. session.flush();

尽 管Open Session In View看起来还不错,其实副作用不少。看回上面OpenSessionInViewFilter的doFilterInternal方法代码,这个方法实际上是被父类的doFilter调用的,因此,我们可以大约了解的OpenSessionInViewFilter调用流程: request(请求)->open session并开始transaction->controller->View(Jsp)->结束transaction并 close session.

一切看起来很正确,尤其是在本地开发测试的时候没出现问题,但试想下如果流程中的某一步被阻塞的话,那在这期间connection就一直被占用而不释放。最有可能被阻塞的就是在写Jsp这步,一方面可能是页面内容大,response.write的时间长,另一方面可能是网速慢,服务器与用户间传输时间久。当大量这样的情况出现时,就有连接池连接不足,造成页面假死现象。

Open Session In View是个双刃剑,放在公网上内容多流量大的网站请慎用。

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转载自lengend.iteye.com/blog/1040143