view层

from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from .response import APIResponse
from . import models, serializers


class CarAPIView(APIView):
    # 群查
    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        car_query = models.Car.objects.filter(is_delete=False).all()
        car_ser = serializers.CarModelSerializer(instance=car_query, many=True)
        return APIResponse(results=car_ser.data)


""" 视图家族
from rest_framework import views, mixins, generics, viewsets

views：视图类 - APIView，GenericAPIView(generics中)
mixins：视图工具类 - CreateModelMixin，ListModelMixin，RetrieveModelMixin，UpdateModelMixin，DestroyModelMixin
generics：工具视图类 - 九个类
viewsets：视图集 - 两个视图集基类，两个视图集子类，一个工具类
"""

# 回顾APIView类：1)拥有View的所有  2)重写as_view  3)重写dispatch  4)一系列类属性
# GenericAPIView类
# 1)拥有APIView的所有

from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView
class CarGenericAPIView(GenericAPIView):
    # 不能直接写到objects结束，因为objects结束时，不是QuerySet对象，而是Manager对象，但 .all() 和 .filter() 后一定是QuerySet对象
    queryset = models.Car.objects.filter(is_delete=False).all()
    serializer_class = serializers.CarModelSerializer
    lookup_url_kwarg = 'pk'
    # 群查
    """
    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        # car_query = models.Car.objects.filter(is_delete=False).all()
        car_query = self.get_queryset()

        # car_ser = serializers.CarModelSerializer(instance=car_query, many=True)
        car_ser = self.get_serializer(car_query, many=True)

        return APIResponse(results=car_ser.data)
    """

    # 单查
    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        # pk = kwargs.get('pk')
        # car_obj = models.Car.objects.filter(is_delete=False).filter(pk=pk).first()
        car_obj = self.get_object()

        # car_ser = serializers.CarModelSerializer(car_obj)
        car_ser = self.get_serializer(car_obj)

        return APIResponse(results=car_ser.data)


# mixins视图工具类
from rest_framework.mixins import RetrieveModelMixin, ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin
class CarReadCreateGenericAPIView(ListModelMixin, RetrieveModelMixin, CreateModelMixin, GenericAPIView):
    queryset = models.Car.objects.filter(is_delete=False).all()
    serializer_class = serializers.CarModelSerializer
    lookup_url_kwarg = 'pk'
    # 群查
    # """
    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        # car_query = self.get_queryset()
        # car_ser = self.get_serializer(car_query, many=True)
        # return APIResponse(results=car_ser.data)
        return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)
    # """

    # 单查
    """
    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        # car_obj = self.get_object()
        # car_ser = self.get_serializer(car_obj)
        # return APIResponse(results=car_ser.data)
        response = self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)
        return APIResponse(results=response.data)
    """

    # 单增
    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)


# Generics工具视图类

# 单独完成单查接口
from rest_framework.generics import RetrieveAPIView
class CarRetrieveAPIView(RetrieveAPIView):
    queryset = models.Car.objects.filter(is_delete=False).all()
    serializer_class = serializers.CarModelSerializer
    lookup_url_kwarg = 'pk'

# 单独完成群查接口
from rest_framework.generics import ListAPIView
class CarListAPIView(ListAPIView):
    queryset = models.Car.objects.filter(is_delete=False).all()
    serializer_class = serializers.CarModelSerializer


# 单查(get)、单整体改(put)、单局部改(patch)、单删接口(delete)
from rest_framework.generics import RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView
class CarRetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView(RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
    queryset = models.Car.objects.filter(is_delete=False).all()
    serializer_class = serializers.CarModelSerializer





"""
1、APIView:
1)拥有View的所有  2)重写as_view  3)重写dispatch  4)一系列类属性


2、GenericAPIView
1)继承APIView，所以拥有APIView的所有
2)get_queryset方法，配置queryset类属性，提供视图类相关的Models
3)在第二条基础上，get_object方法，配置lookup_url_kwarg类属性，提供视图类相关的具体Model
4)get_serializer方法，配置serializer_class类属性，提供视图类相关的序列化对象

总结：GenericAPIView就是在APIView基础上额外提供了三个方法，三个类属性，如果不配合视图工具类，体现不出优势
目的：视图中的增删改查逻辑相似，但操作的资源不一致，操作资源就是操作 资源对象们、资源对象以及资源相关的序列化类，
将这三者形成配置，那操作逻辑就一致，就可以进行封装

3、mixins视图工具类们：五个类，六个方法
1)要配合GenericAPIView类使用，将单查、群查、单增，单整体改，单局部改，单删六个接口
封装成retrieve、list、create、update、partial_update、destroy六个方法
原因：六个方法的实现体，调用的方法就是GenericAPIView提供的，所以要配合GenericAPIView类使用

4、generics工具视图类们：九种组合
1)帮我们将不同个数不同种类的mixins与GenericAPIView进行组合
2)不同的组合帮我们实现好对应的get、post、put、patch、delete方法
3)需要我们自己配置三个类属性即可：queryset、serializer_class、lookup_url_kwarg
"""
"""
class CarView(APIView):
    def get(self):
        obj,
        ser,
        response,
        
class CarView(GenericAPIView):  # 不会出现，中间产物
    queryset,
    serializer_class,
    lookup_url_kwarg,
    def get(self):
        obj,
        ser,
        response,

class CarView(RetrieveModelMixin, GenericAPIView):  # 自定义组合，可以超过九种
    queryset,
    serializer_class,
    lookup_url_kwarg,
    def get(self):
        self.retrieve()
        
class CarView(RetrieveAPIView):  # 最终产物，系统只提供了九种组合，RetrieveAPIView是其中一种
    queryset,
    serializer_class,
    lookup_url_kwarg,
"""


# 视图集
from rest_framework.viewsets import ViewSetMixin, GenericViewSet, ViewSet, ModelViewSet
class CarReadOnlyAPIView(RetrieveModelMixin, ListModelMixin, GenericViewSet):
    # def many_get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
    #     return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)
    #
    # def single_get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
    #     return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)

    queryset = models.Car.objects.filter(is_delete=False).all()
    serializer_class = serializers.CarModelSerializer


# 六大接口
class CarModelViewSet(ModelViewSet):
    queryset = models.Car.objects.filter(is_delete=False).all()
    serializer_class = serializers.CarModelSerializer
    # 分析：从实际开发角度分析不合理点
    # 1）没有群增，群整体改，群局部改，群删四个接口
    # 2）删除操作视图集默认走的destroy方法是将资源从数据库中删除，通常一个做字段is_delete字段修改表示删除
    # 3）响应的结果只有数据，没有数据状态码和状态信息

    # 解决1,
    # 群整体改，群局部改，全删三个接口可以独立成三个方法
    def many_update(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return APIResponse(msg='这个地方是群整体改，你会写！')
    def many_partial_update(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return APIResponse(msg='这个地方是群局部改，你会写！')
    def many_destroy(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return APIResponse(msg='这个地方是群删，你会写！')
    # 群增与单增必须公用一个接口，都要走create方法 - 重写create方法，用逻辑进行拆分
    def create(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        request_data = request.data
        if isinstance(request_data, list):
            car_ser = self.get_serializer(data=request_data, many=True)
            car_ser.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
            car_obj = car_ser.save()
            return APIResponse(msg='群增成功', results=self.get_serializer(car_obj, many=True).data)

        return super().create(request, *args, **kwargs)


    # 解决2，destroy方法是完成is_delete字段值修改 - 重写destroy方法，自定义实现体
    def destroy(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        car_obj = self.get_object()
        car_obj.is_delete = True
        car_obj.save()
        return APIResponse(msg='删除成功')


    # 解决3，让群查有状态码和状态信息 - 重写list方法
    def list(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        response = super().list(request, *args, **kwargs)
        return APIResponse(results=response.data)




""" 视图集总结
核心：视图集都继承了 ViewSetMixin类，该类重写了as_view方法，相比APIView的as_view方法，额外多出了一个参数actions
    as_view({'get': 'list'}) 传入的{'get': 'list'}就被actions介绍，原理是将get请求映射给视图类的list函数进行处理

1）为什么有GenericViewSet和ViewSet两个视图集基类
    GenericViewSet(ViewSetMixin, GenericAPIView)，该分支严格满足资源接口
    ViewSet(ViewSetMixin, APIView)，该分支满足的接口与资源Model类关系不是特别密切：登录接口、短信验证码接口

2）ReadOnlyModelViewSet，ModelViewSet两个视图集子类，就是做个一堆mixin与GenericViewSet相结合，
    自己在urls文件中配置as_view设置映射关系
"""

路由层

from django.conf.urls import url, include

from . import views


# 路由层：外面会遇到这种写法，看到了要认识
from rest_framework.routers import SimpleRouter
router = SimpleRouter()
router.register('v7/cars', views.CarModelViewSet, basename='car')
# router.register('books', views.BookModelViewSet, basename='book')
# router.register('users', views.UserModelViewSet, basename='user')

urlpatterns = [
    # 基础
    url(r'^v1/cars/$', views.CarAPIView.as_view()),
    # url(r'^v1/cars/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.CarAPIView.as_view()),

    # Generic
    url(r'^v2/cars/$', views.CarGenericAPIView.as_view()),
    url(r'^v2/cars/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.CarGenericAPIView.as_view()),

    # Generic过渡
    url(r'^v3/cars/$', views.CarReadCreateGenericAPIView.as_view()),
    url(r'^v3/cars/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.CarReadCreateGenericAPIView.as_view()),

    # 工具视图类
    url(r'^v4/cars/$', views.CarListAPIView.as_view()),
    # url(r'^v4/cars/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.CarListAPIView.as_view()),

    url(r'^v5/cars/$', views.CarRetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView.as_view()),
    url(r'^v5/cars/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.CarRetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView.as_view()),

    # 视图集
    url(r'^v6/cars/$', views.CarReadOnlyAPIView.as_view({'get': 'list'})),
    url(r'^v6/cars/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.CarReadOnlyAPIView.as_view({'get': 'retrieve'})),

    # url(r'^v7/cars/$', views.CarModelViewSet.as_view({
    #     'get': 'list',
    #     'post': 'create',
    #     'put': 'many_update',
    #     'patch': 'many_partial_update',
    #     'delete': 'many_destroy',
    # })),
    # url(r'^v7/cars/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.CarModelViewSet.as_view({
    #     'get': 'retrieve',
    #     'put': 'update',
    #     'patch': 'partial_update',
    #     'delete': 'destroy',
    # })),
    url(r'', include(router.urls))
]
# urlpatterns.extend(router.urls)
print(router.urls)

模型层

from django.db import models

# 汽车表、汽车商家表、赞助商表、赞助商详情表
class BaseModel(models.Model):
    is_delete = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    createdTime = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    class Meta:
        abstract = True

class Car(BaseModel):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=64)
    price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=2)
    brand = models.ForeignKey(to='Brand', db_constraint=False, null=True, on_delete=models.SET_NULL, related_name='cars')
    sponsors = models.ManyToManyField(to='Sponsor', db_constraint=False, related_name='cars')

    @property
    def brand_name(self):
        return self.brand.name

    @property
    def sponsor_list(self):
        sponsor_list_temp = []
        for sponsor in self.sponsors.all():
            sponsor_dic = {
                'name': sponsor.name
            }
            try:
                sponsor_dic['phone'] = sponsor.detail.phone
            except:
                sponsor_dic['phone'] = '未知'
            sponsor_list_temp.append(sponsor_dic)
        return sponsor_list_temp

    class Meta:
        verbose_name_plural = '汽车'

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

class Brand(BaseModel):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=64)

    class Meta:
        verbose_name_plural = '品牌'

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

class Sponsor(BaseModel):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=64)

    @property
    def phone(self):
        try:
            return self.detail.phone
        except:
            return "无"

    class Meta:
        verbose_name_plural = '赞助商'

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

class SponsorDetail(BaseModel):
    phone = models.CharField(max_length=11)
    sponsor = models.OneToOneField(to=Sponsor, db_constraint=False, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name='detail')

    class Meta:
        verbose_name_plural = '赞助商详情'

    def __str__(self):
        try:  # 连表可能会出现问题，所以要异常处理
            return self.sponsor.name + '的详情'
        except:
            return super().__str__()

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