面试官:你知道微信支付的签名算法吗?讲一讲你所了解的密码学

微信下单签名算法

支付宝下单签名算法

我们常用的加密算法中BASE64、MD5、RSA、SHA、HMAC等之间的区别

BASE64

  • 按照RFC2045的定义,Base64被定义为:Base64内容传送编码被设计用来把任意序列的8位字节描述为一种不易被人直接识别的形式。(The Base64 Content-Transfer-Encoding is designed to represent arbitrary sequences of octets in a form that need not be humanly readable.)  常见于邮件、http加密,截取http信息,你就会发现登录操作的用户名、密码字段通过BASE64加密的。
/** 
 * BASE64解密 
 *  
 * @param key 
 * @return 
 * @throws Exception 
 */  
public static byte[] decryptBASE64(String key) throws Exception {  
    return (new BASE64Decoder()).decodeBuffer(key);  
}  
  
/** 
 * BASE64加密 
 *  
 * @param key 
 * @return 
 * @throws Exception 
 */  
public static String encryptBASE64(byte[] key) throws Exception {  
    return (new BASE64Encoder()).encodeBuffer(key);  
}  
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  • 主要就是BASE64Encoder、BASE64Decoder两个类,我们只需要知道使用对应的方法即可。另,BASE加密后产生的字节位数是8的倍数,如果不够位数以=符号填充。

MD5

  • MD5 -- message-digest algorithm 5 (信息-摘要算法)缩写,广泛用于加密和解密技术,常用于文件校验。校验?不管文件多大,经过MD5后都能生成唯一的MD5值。好比现在的ISO校验,都是MD5校验。怎么用?当然是把ISO经过MD5后产生MD5的值。一般下载linux-ISO的朋友都见过下载链接旁边放着MD5的串。就是用来验证文件是否一致的。
/** 
 * MD5加密 
 *  
 * @param data 
 * @return 
 * @throws Exception 
 */  
public static byte[] encryptMD5(byte[] data) throws Exception {  
  
    MessageDigest md5 = MessageDigest.getInstance(KEY_MD5);  
    md5.update(data);  
  
    return md5.digest();  
  
}  
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RSA

  • RSA公开密钥密码体制。所谓的公开密钥密码体制就是使用不同的加密密钥与解密密钥,是一种“由已知加密密钥推导出解密密钥在计算上是不可行的”密码体制。

  • 在公开密钥密码体制中,加密密钥(即公开密钥)PK是公开信息,而解密密钥(即秘密密钥)SK是需要保密的。加密算法E和解密算法D也都是公开的。虽然解密密钥SK是由公开密钥PK决定的,由于无法计算出大数n的欧拉函数phi(N),所以不能根据PK计算出SK。


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版权声明:本文为CSDN博主「小网客」的原创文章,遵循 CC 4.0 BY-SA 版权协议,转载请附上原文出处链接及本声明。
原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/smallnetvisitor/article/details/84924214
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SHA

  • SHA(Secure Hash Algorithm,安全散列算法),数字签名等密码学应用中重要的工具,被广泛地应用于电子商务等信息安全领域。虽然,SHA与MD5通过碰撞法都被破解了, 但是SHA仍然是公认的安全加密算法,较之MD5更为安全。
 package com.chen.test;

import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;
import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;

import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.security.*;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPublicKey;
import java.security.spec.InvalidKeySpecException;
import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;
import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class RSAUtils {

    public static final String CHARSET = "UTF-8";
    public static final String RSA_ALGORITHM = "RSA";


    public static Map<String, String> createKeys(int keySize){
        //为RSA算法创建一个KeyPairGenerator对象
        KeyPairGenerator kpg;
        try{
            kpg = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance(RSA_ALGORITHM);
        }catch(NoSuchAlgorithmException e){
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("No such algorithm-->[" + RSA_ALGORITHM + "]");
        }

        //初始化KeyPairGenerator对象,密钥长度
        kpg.initialize(keySize);
        //生成密匙对
        KeyPair keyPair = kpg.generateKeyPair();
        //得到公钥
        Key publicKey = keyPair.getPublic();
        String publicKeyStr = Base64.encodeBase64URLSafeString(publicKey.getEncoded());
        //得到私钥
        Key privateKey = keyPair.getPrivate();
        String privateKeyStr = Base64.encodeBase64URLSafeString(privateKey.getEncoded());
        Map<String, String> keyPairMap = new HashMap<String, String>();
        keyPairMap.put("publicKey", publicKeyStr);
        keyPairMap.put("privateKey", privateKeyStr);

        return keyPairMap;
    }

    /**
     * 得到公钥
     * @param publicKey 密钥字符串(经过base64编码)
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static RSAPublicKey getPublicKey(String publicKey) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidKeySpecException {
        //通过X509编码的Key指令获得公钥对象
        KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(RSA_ALGORITHM);
        X509EncodedKeySpec x509KeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(Base64.decodeBase64(publicKey));
        RSAPublicKey key = (RSAPublicKey) keyFactory.generatePublic(x509KeySpec);
        return key;
    }

    /**
     * 得到私钥
     * @param privateKey 密钥字符串(经过base64编码)
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static RSAPrivateKey getPrivateKey(String privateKey) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidKeySpecException {
        //通过PKCS#8编码的Key指令获得私钥对象
        KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(RSA_ALGORITHM);
        PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(Base64.decodeBase64(privateKey));
        RSAPrivateKey key = (RSAPrivateKey) keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec);
        return key;
    }

    /**
     * 公钥加密
     * @param data
     * @param publicKey
     * @return
     */
    public static String publicEncrypt(String data, RSAPublicKey publicKey){
        try{
            Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(RSA_ALGORITHM);
            cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, publicKey);
            return Base64.encodeBase64URLSafeString(rsaSplitCodec(cipher, Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, data.getBytes(CHARSET), publicKey.getModulus().bitLength()));
        }catch(Exception e){
            throw new RuntimeException("加密字符串[" + data + "]时遇到异常", e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 私钥解密
     * @param data
     * @param privateKey
     * @return
     */

    public static String privateDecrypt(String data, RSAPrivateKey privateKey){
        try{
            Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(RSA_ALGORITHM);
            cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey);
            return new String(rsaSplitCodec(cipher, Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, Base64.decodeBase64(data), privateKey.getModulus().bitLength()), CHARSET);
        }catch(Exception e){
            throw new RuntimeException("解密字符串[" + data + "]时遇到异常", e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 私钥加密
     * @param data
     * @param privateKey
     * @return
     */

    public static String privateEncrypt(String data, RSAPrivateKey privateKey){
        try{
            Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(RSA_ALGORITHM);
            cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, privateKey);
            return Base64.encodeBase64URLSafeString(rsaSplitCodec(cipher, Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, data.getBytes(CHARSET), privateKey.getModulus().bitLength()));
        }catch(Exception e){
            throw new RuntimeException("加密字符串[" + data + "]时遇到异常", e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 公钥解密
     * @param data
     * @param publicKey
     * @return
     */

    public static String publicDecrypt(String data, RSAPublicKey publicKey){
        try{
            Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(RSA_ALGORITHM);
            cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, publicKey);
            return new String(rsaSplitCodec(cipher, Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, Base64.decodeBase64(data), publicKey.getModulus().bitLength()), CHARSET);
        }catch(Exception e){
            throw new RuntimeException("解密字符串[" + data + "]时遇到异常", e);
        }
    }

    private static byte[] rsaSplitCodec(Cipher cipher, int opmode, byte[] datas, int keySize){
        int maxBlock = 0;
        if(opmode == Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE){
            maxBlock = keySize / 8;
        }else{
            maxBlock = keySize / 8 - 11;
        }
        ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        int offSet = 0;
        byte[] buff;
        int i = 0;
        try{
            while(datas.length > offSet){
                if(datas.length-offSet > maxBlock){
                    buff = cipher.doFinal(datas, offSet, maxBlock);
                }else{
                    buff = cipher.doFinal(datas, offSet, datas.length-offSet);
                }
                out.write(buff, 0, buff.length);
                i++;
                offSet = i * maxBlock;
            }
        }catch(Exception e){
            throw new RuntimeException("加解密阀值为["+maxBlock+"]的数据时发生异常", e);
        }
        byte[] resultDatas = out.toByteArray();
        IOUtils.closeQuietly(out);
        return resultDatas;
    }

}
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HMAC

  • HMAC(Hash Message Authentication Code,散列消息鉴别码,基于密钥的Hash算法的认证协议。消息鉴别码实现鉴别的原理是,用公开函数和密钥产生一个固定长度的值作为认证标识,用这个标识鉴别消息的完整性。使用一个密钥生成一个固定大小的小数据块,即MAC,并将其加入到消息中,然后传输。接收方利用与发送方共享的密钥进行鉴别认证等。
/** 
 * 初始化HMAC密钥 
 *  
 * @return 
 * @throws Exception 
 */  
public static String initMacKey() throws Exception {  
    KeyGenerator keyGenerator = KeyGenerator.getInstance(KEY_MAC);  
  
    SecretKey secretKey = keyGenerator.generateKey();  
    return encryptBASE64(secretKey.getEncoded());  
}  
  
/** 
 * HMAC加密 
 *  
 * @param data 
 * @param key 
 * @return 
 * @throws Exception 
 */  
public static byte[] encryptHMAC(byte[] data, String key) throws Exception {  
  
    SecretKey secretKey = new SecretKeySpec(decryptBASE64(key), KEY_MAC);  
    Mac mac = Mac.getInstance(secretKey.getAlgorithm());  
    mac.init(secretKey);  
  
    return mac.doFinal(data);  
  
}  
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完整类(不包含RSA加密算法)

import java.security.MessageDigest;  
  
import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator;  
import javax.crypto.Mac;  
import javax.crypto.SecretKey;  
  
import sun.misc.BASE64Decoder;  
import sun.misc.BASE64Encoder;  
  
/** 
 * 基础加密组件 
 *  
 * @author 梁栋 
 * @version 1.0 
 * @since 1.0 
 */  
public abstract class Coder {  
    public static final String KEY_SHA = "SHA";  
    public static final String KEY_MD5 = "MD5";  
  
    /** 
     * MAC算法可选以下多种算法 
     *  
     * <pre> 
     * HmacMD5  
     * HmacSHA1  
     * HmacSHA256  
     * HmacSHA384  
     * HmacSHA512 
     * </pre> 
     */  
    public static final String KEY_MAC = "HmacMD5";  
  
    /** 
     * BASE64解密 
     *  
     * @param key 
     * @return 
     * @throws Exception 
     */  
    public static byte[] decryptBASE64(String key) throws Exception {  
        return (new BASE64Decoder()).decodeBuffer(key);  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * BASE64加密 
     *  
     * @param key 
     * @return 
     * @throws Exception 
     */  
    public static String encryptBASE64(byte[] key) throws Exception {  
        return (new BASE64Encoder()).encodeBuffer(key);  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * MD5加密 
     *  
     * @param data 
     * @return 
     * @throws Exception 
     */  
    public static byte[] encryptMD5(byte[] data) throws Exception {  
  
        MessageDigest md5 = MessageDigest.getInstance(KEY_MD5);  
        md5.update(data);  
  
        return md5.digest();  
  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * SHA加密 
     *  
     * @param data 
     * @return 
     * @throws Exception 
     */  
    public static byte[] encryptSHA(byte[] data) throws Exception {  
  
        MessageDigest sha = MessageDigest.getInstance(KEY_SHA);  
        sha.update(data);  
  
        return sha.digest();  
  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * 初始化HMAC密钥 
     *  
     * @return 
     * @throws Exception 
     */  
    public static String initMacKey() throws Exception {  
        KeyGenerator keyGenerator = KeyGenerator.getInstance(KEY_MAC);  
  
        SecretKey secretKey = keyGenerator.generateKey();  
        return encryptBASE64(secretKey.getEncoded());  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * HMAC加密 
     *  
     * @param data 
     * @param key 
     * @return 
     * @throws Exception 
     */  
    public static byte[] encryptHMAC(byte[] data, String key) throws Exception {  
  
        SecretKey secretKey = new SecretKeySpec(decryptBASE64(key), KEY_MAC);  
        Mac mac = Mac.getInstance(secretKey.getAlgorithm());  
        mac.init(secretKey);  
  
        return mac.doFinal(data);  
  
    }  
}  
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测试类

import static org.junit.Assert.*;  
  
import org.junit.Test;  
  
/** 
 *  
 * @author 梁栋 
 * @version 1.0 
 * @since 1.0 
 */  
public class CoderTest {  
  
    @Test  
    public void test() throws Exception {  
        String inputStr = "简单加密";  
        System.err.println("原文:/n" + inputStr);  
  
        byte[] inputData = inputStr.getBytes();  
        String code = Coder.encryptBASE64(inputData);  
  
        System.err.println("BASE64加密后:/n" + code);  
  
        byte[] output = Coder.decryptBASE64(code);  
  
        String outputStr = new String(output);  
  
        System.err.println("BASE64解密后:/n" + outputStr);  
  
        // 验证BASE64加密解密一致性  
        assertEquals(inputStr, outputStr);  
  
        // 验证MD5对于同一内容加密是否一致  
        assertArrayEquals(Coder.encryptMD5(inputData), Coder  
                .encryptMD5(inputData));  
  
        // 验证SHA对于同一内容加密是否一致  
        assertArrayEquals(Coder.encryptSHA(inputData), Coder  
                .encryptSHA(inputData));  
  
        String key = Coder.initMacKey();  
        System.err.println("Mac密钥:/n" + key);  
  
        // 验证HMAC对于同一内容,同一密钥加密是否一致  
        assertArrayEquals(Coder.encryptHMAC(inputData, key), Coder.encryptHMAC(  
                inputData, key));  
  
        BigInteger md5 = new BigInteger(Coder.encryptMD5(inputData));  
        System.err.println("MD5:/n" + md5.toString(16));  
  
        BigInteger sha = new BigInteger(Coder.encryptSHA(inputData));  
        System.err.println("SHA:/n" + sha.toString(32));  
  
        BigInteger mac = new BigInteger(Coder.encryptHMAC(inputData, inputStr));  
        System.err.println("HMAC:/n" + mac.toString(16));  
    }  
}  
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结果

原文:  
简单加密  
BASE64加密后:  
566A5Y2V5Yqg5a+G  
  
BASE64解密后:  
简单加密  
Mac密钥:  
uGxdHC+6ylRDaik++leFtGwiMbuYUJ6mqHWyhSgF4trVkVBBSQvY/a22xU8XT1RUemdCWW155Bke  
pBIpkd7QHg==  
  
MD5:  
-550b4d90349ad4629462113e7934de56  
SHA:  
91k9vo7p400cjkgfhjh0ia9qthsjagfn  
HMAC:  
2287d192387e95694bdbba2fa941009a  
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转载自juejin.im/post/5e09741f518825497837833b