我叫张贺，贪财好色。一名合格的LINUX运维工程师，专注于LINUX的学习和研究，曾负责某中型企业的网站运维工作，爱好佛学和跑步。
个人博客：传送阵
笔者微信：zhanghe15069028807，非诚勿扰。
playbook项目的整体思路应该是这样的，先写基础环境，把服务器都要做的事先做完，然后针对每一台服务器做要做的事情。
我们就做一个简单的项目，web+NFS+backup，首先肯定是定义主机清单和推送公钥，详细过程已经在上一个博客内阐述过了，这里不再讲了。
一、基础环境（所有主机）
基础环境用来把所有服务器的基本环境准备好，那应该做哪些事呢？
仓库源
常用软件 wget，tree，net-tool，rsync，nfs-utils
关闭防火墙
调整sshd服务
关闭防火墙和selinux
准备备份的脚本，设定定时任务
//专门创建写playbook的文件夹，然后再创建存放各种配置文件的文件夹
[root@ansible ~]# mkdir -p /etc/ansible/playbook/files
[root@ansible ansible]# ls
ansible.cfg hosts playbook roles[root@ansible playbook]# cat base.yml
---
- hosts: all
remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: Add Base Yum Repository
yum_repository:
name: base
description: Base Aliyun Repository
baseurl: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck: yes
gpgkey: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
- name: Add Epel Yum Repository
yum_repository:
name: epel
description: Epel Aliyun Repository
baseurl: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/7/$basearch
gpgcheck: no
- name: Installled Packages
yum: name={{ item }} state=present
with_items:
- rsync
- nfs-utils
- name: Stop Firewalld Service
service: name=firewalld state=stopped enabled=no
- name: Disable Selinx
selinux: state=disabled
- name: Config SSH Server
copy: src=/etc/ansible/playbook/files/sshd.template dest=/etc/ssh/sshd_config
notify: Restart SSHD Server
- name: Add Group WWW
group: name=www gid=666
- name: ADD User WWW
user: name=www uid=666 group=www create_home=no shell=/sbin/nologin
- name: Copy Rsync Backup Scripts
copy: src=./files/push_data_rsync.sh dest=/server/scripts/ mode=755
when: (ansible_hostname != "BACKUP")
- name: Configure Crontab
cron:
name: Rsync Backup
minute: 00
hour: 01
job: /bin/bash /server/scripts/push_data_rsync.sh &>/dev/null
when: (ansible_hostname != "BACKUP")
handlers:
- name: Restart SSHD Server
service: name=sshd state=restarted[root@ansible scripts]# cat push_data_rsync.sh
#第一步，定义变量
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
Host=$(hostname)
Ip=$(hostname -I | cut -d' ' -f1)
Date=$(date +%F)
Dest=${Host}_${Ip}_${Date}
Path=/backup
#第二步，创建备份的目录
[ -d /backup ] || mkdir /backup
#第三步，打包压缩保存到/backup目录里面
mkdir -p $Path/$Dest &>/dev/null
cd / && \
[ -f $Path/$Dest/sys.tar.gz ] || tar czf $Path/$Dest/sys.tar.gz etc/hosts etc/fstab var/spool/cron/root && \
[ -f $Path/$Dest/other.tar.gz ] || tar czf $Path/$Dest/other.tar.gz server/scripts/ && \
[ -f $Path/$Dest/flag ] || md5sum $Path/$Dest/*.tar.gz > $Path/$Dest/flag && \
#第四步，定义rsync密码，将$path目录里面的文件推送到服务器的path模块当中
export RSYNC_PASSWORD=1
rsync -avz $Path/ [email protected]::backup
#第五步，仅保存最近七天的数据
find $Path -type f -mtime +7 | xargs rm -f[root@ansible ~]cat /etc/ansible/playbook/files/sshd.template
# $OpenBSD: sshd_config,v 1.100 2016/08/15 12:32:04 naddy Exp $
# This is the sshd server system-wide configuration file. See
# sshd_config(5) for more information.
# This sshd was compiled with PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin
# The strategy used for options in the default sshd_config shipped with
# OpenSSH is to specify options with their default value where
# possible, but leave them commented. Uncommented options override the
# default value.
# If you want to change the port on a SELinux system, you have to tell
# SELinux about this change.
# semanage port -a -t ssh_port_t -p tcp #PORTNUMBER
#
#Port 22
#AddressFamily any
#ListenAddress 0.0.0.0
#ListenAddress ::
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
#HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key
# Ciphers and keying
#RekeyLimit default none
# Logging
#SyslogFacility AUTH
SyslogFacility AUTHPRIV
#LogLevel INFO
# Authentication:
#LoginGraceTime 2m
#PermitRootLogin yes
#StrictModes yes
#MaxAuthTries 6
#MaxSessions 10
#PubkeyAuthentication yes
# The default is to check both .ssh/authorized_keys and .ssh/authorized_keys2
# but this is overridden so installations will only check .ssh/authorized_keys
AuthorizedKeysFile .ssh/authorized_keys
#AuthorizedPrincipalsFile none
#AuthorizedKeysCommand none
#AuthorizedKeysCommandUser nobody
# For this to work you will also need host keys in /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts
#HostbasedAuthentication no
# Change to yes if you don't trust ~/.ssh/known_hosts for
# HostbasedAuthentication
#IgnoreUserKnownHosts no
# Don't read the user's ~/.rhosts and ~/.shosts files
#IgnoreRhosts yes
# To disable tunneled clear text passwords, change to no here!
#PasswordAuthentication yes
#PermitEmptyPasswords no
PasswordAuthentication yes
# Change to no to disable s/key passwords
#ChallengeResponseAuthentication yes
ChallengeResponseAuthentication no
# Kerberos options
#KerberosAuthentication no
#KerberosOrLocalPasswd yes
#KerberosTicketCleanup yes
#KerberosGetAFSToken no
#KerberosUseKuserok yes
# GSSAPI options
GSSAPIAuthentication yes
GSSAPICleanupCredentials no
#GSSAPIStrictAcceptorCheck yes
#GSSAPIKeyExchange no
#GSSAPIEnablek5users no
# Set this to 'yes' to enable PAM authentication, account processing,
# and session processing. If this is enabled, PAM authentication will
# be allowed through the ChallengeResponseAuthentication and
# PasswordAuthentication. Depending on your PAM configuration,
# PAM authentication via ChallengeResponseAuthentication may bypass
# the setting of "PermitRootLogin without-password".
# If you just want the PAM account and session checks to run without
# PAM authentication, then enable this but set PasswordAuthentication
# and ChallengeResponseAuthentication to 'no'.
# WARNING: 'UsePAM no' is not supported in Red Hat Enterprise Linux and may cause several
# problems.
UsePAM yes
#AllowAgentForwarding yes
#AllowTcpForwarding yes
#GatewayPorts no
X11Forwarding yes
#X11DisplayOffset 10
#X11UseLocalhost yes
#PermitTTY yes
#PrintMotd yes
#PrintLastLog yes
#TCPKeepAlive yes
#UseLogin no
#UsePrivilegeSeparation sandbox
#PermitUserEnvironment no
#Compression delayed
#ClientAliveInterval 0
#ClientAliveCountMax 3
#ShowPatchLevel no
#UseDNS yes
#PidFile /var/run/sshd.pid
#MaxStartups 10:30:100
#PermitTunnel no
#ChrootDirectory none
#VersionAddendum none
# no default banner path
#Banner none
# Accept locale-related environment variables
AcceptEnv LANG LC_CTYPE LC_NUMERIC LC_TIME LC_COLLATE LC_MONETARY LC_MESSAGES
AcceptEnv LC_PAPER LC_NAME LC_ADDRESS LC_TELEPHONE LC_MEASUREMENT
AcceptEnv LC_IDENTIFICATION LC_ALL LANGUAGE
AcceptEnv XMODIFIERS
# override default of no subsystems
Subsystem sftp /usr/libexec/openssh/sftp-server
# Example of overriding settings on a per-user basis
#Match User anoncvs
# X11Forwarding no
# AllowTcpForwarding no
# PermitTTY no
# ForceCommand cvs server
二、应用环境
BACKUP
[root@ansible playbook]# cat rsync.yml
---
- hosts: backup
remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: Install rsync
yum: name=rsync state=present
- name: Configure Rsync Server
copy: src={{ item.src }} dest={{ item.dest }} mode={{ item.mode }}
with_items:
- {src: '/etc/ansible/playbook/files/rsyncd.conf.template',dest: '/etc/rsyncd.conf',mode: '0644'}
- {src: '/etc/ansible/playbook/files/rsyncd.pass.template',dest: '/etc/rsync.passwd',mode: '0600'}
notify: Restart Rsyncd Server
- name: Create Directory
file: path={{ item }} state=directory mode=755 owner=www group=www
with_items:
- /backup
- /data
- name: Service Rsync Server
service: name=rsyncd state=started enabled=yes
- name: Output Rsync Status
shell: ss -tnlp | grep rsync
register: Rsync_Status
ignore_errors: yes
- name: Print Rsync Status
debug: msg={{ Rsync_Status.stdout_lines }}
handlers:
- name: Restart Rsyncd Server
service: name=rsyncd state=restarted／／rsyncd.conf.template
# /etc/rsyncd: configuration file for rsync daemon mode
# See rsyncd.conf man page for more options.
# configuration example:
# uid = nobody
# gid = nobody
# use chroot = yes
# max connections = 4
# pid file = /var/run/rsyncd.pid
# exclude = lost+found/
# transfer logging = yes
# timeout = 900
# ignore nonreadable = yes
# dont compress = *.gz *.tgz *.zip *.z *.Z *.rpm *.deb *.bz2
# [ftp]
# path = /home/ftp
# comment = ftp export area
uid = www
gid = www
port = 873
fake super = yes
use chroot = no
max connections = 200
timeout = 600
ignore errors
read only = false
list = false
auth users = rsync_backup
secrets file = /etc/rsync.passwd
log file = /var/log/rsync.log
[backup]
comment = welcome!
path = /backup
[data]
comment = welcome!
path = /data／／etc/ansible/playbook/files/rsyncd.pass.template
rsync_backup:1NFS
[root@ansible playbook]# cat nfs.yml
---
- hosts: nfs
remote_user: root
vars:
- nfs_dir: /data
- nfs_ip: 192.168.80.0/24
- nfs_id: 666
tasks:
- name: Install NFS Server
yum: name=nfs-utils state=present
- name: Configure nfs Server
template: src=/etc/ansible/playbook/files/exports.template dest=/etc/exports
notify: Restart Nfs Server
- name: Create Directory
file: path={{ nfs_dir }} state=directory mode=755 owner=www group=www recurse=yes
- name: Start NFS Server
service: name=nfs-server state=started enabled=yes
- name: Output Rsync Status
shell: ps aux | grep nfs
register: Nfs_Status
ignore_errors: yes
- name: Print Nfs Status
debug: msg={{ Nfs_Status.stdout_lines }}
handlers:
- name: Restart Nfs Server
service: name=nfs-server state=restarted
[root@ansible files]# cat exports.template
{{ nfs_dir }} {{ nfs_ip }}(rw,all_squash,anonuid={{ nfs_id }},anongid={{ nfs_id }})WEB
[root@mail playbook]# cat web.yml
---
- hosts: web
remote_user: root
vars:
- httpd_port: 80
- mount_dir: /var/www/html
- httpd_user: www
tasks:
- name: Install Httpd
yum: name=httpd state=present
- name: Configure Httpd
template: src=./files/httpd.conf.template dest=/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
notify: Restart Httpd
- name: Start Httpd
service: name=httpd state=restarted enabled=yes
- name: Show Httpd Status
shell: ss -tnlp | grep httpd
register: httpd_status
ignore_errors: yes
- name: Output Httpd Status
debug: msg={{ httpd_status.stdout_lines }}
- name: Mount Nfs
mount: path={{ mount_dir }} src=192.168.80.188::data fstype=nfs state=mounted opts=defaults
handlers:
- name: Restart Httpd
service: name=httpd state=restarted
#
# This is the main Apache HTTP server configuration file. It contains the
# configuration directives that give the server its instructions.
# See <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/> for detailed information.
# In particular, see
# <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/directives.html>
# for a discussion of each configuration directive.
#
# Do NOT simply read the instructions in here without understanding
# what they do. They're here only as hints or reminders. If you are unsure
# consult the online docs. You have been warned.
#
# Configuration and logfile names: If the filenames you specify for many
# of the server's control files begin with "/" (or "drive:/" for Win32), the
# server will use that explicit path. If the filenames do *not* begin
# with "/", the value of ServerRoot is prepended -- so 'log/access_log'
# with ServerRoot set to '/www' will be interpreted by the
# server as '/www/log/access_log', where as '/log/access_log' will be
# interpreted as '/log/access_log'.
#
# ServerRoot: The top of the directory tree under which the server's
# configuration, error, and log files are kept.
#
# Do not add a slash at the end of the directory path. If you point
# ServerRoot at a non-local disk, be sure to specify a local disk on the
# Mutex directive, if file-based mutexes are used. If you wish to share the
# same ServerRoot for multiple httpd daemons, you will need to change at
# least PidFile.
#
ServerRoot "/etc/httpd"
#
# Listen: Allows you to bind Apache to specific IP addresses and/or
# ports, instead of the default. See also the <VirtualHost>
# directive.
#
# Change this to Listen on specific IP addresses as shown below to
# prevent Apache from glomming onto all bound IP addresses.
#
#Listen 12.34.56.78:80
Listen {{ httpd_port }}
#
# Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) Support
#
# To be able to use the functionality of a module which was built as a DSO you
# have to place corresponding `LoadModule' lines at this location so the
# directives contained in it are actually available _before_ they are used.
# Statically compiled modules (those listed by `httpd -l') do not need
# to be loaded here.
#
# Example:
# LoadModule foo_module modules/mod_foo.so
#
Include conf.modules.d/*.conf
#
# If you wish httpd to run as a different user or group, you must run
# httpd as root initially and it will switch.
#
# User/Group: The name (or #number) of the user/group to run httpd as.
# It is usually good practice to create a dedicated user and group for
# running httpd, as with most system services.
#
User apache
Group apache
# 'Main' server configuration
#
# The directives in this section set up the values used by the 'main'
# server, which responds to any requests that aren't handled by a
# <VirtualHost> definition. These values also provide defaults for
# any <VirtualHost> containers you may define later in the file.
#
# All of these directives may appear inside <VirtualHost> containers,
# in which case these default settings will be overridden for the
# virtual host being defined.
#
#
# ServerAdmin: Your address, where problems with the server should be
# e-mailed. This address appears on some server-generated pages, such
# as error documents. e.g. [email protected]
#
ServerAdmin root@localhost
#
# ServerName gives the name and port that the server uses to identify itself.
# This can often be determined automatically, but we recommend you specify
# it explicitly to prevent problems during startup.
#
# If your host doesn't have a registered DNS name, enter its IP address here.
#
#ServerName www.example.com:80
#
# Deny access to the entirety of your server's filesystem. You must
# explicitly permit access to web content directories in other
# <Directory> blocks below.
#
<Directory />
AllowOverride none
Require all denied
</Directory>
#
# Note that from this point forward you must specifically allow
# particular features to be enabled - so if something's not working as
# you might expect, make sure that you have specifically enabled it
# below.
#
#
# DocumentRoot: The directory out of which you will serve your
# documents. By default, all requests are taken from this directory, but
# symbolic links and aliases may be used to point to other locations.
#
DocumentRoot "/var/www/html"
#
# Relax access to content within /var/www.
#
<Directory "/var/www">
AllowOverride None
# Allow open access:
Require all granted
</Directory>
# Further relax access to the default document root:
<Directory "/var/www/html">
#
# Possible values for the Options directive are "None", "All",
# or any combination of:
# Indexes Includes FollowSymLinks SymLinksifOwnerMatch ExecCGI MultiViews
#
# Note that "MultiViews" must be named *explicitly* --- "Options All"
# doesn't give it to you.
#
# The Options directive is both complicated and important. Please see
# http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/core.html#options
# for more information.
#
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
#
# AllowOverride controls what directives may be placed in .htaccess files.
# It can be "All", "None", or any combination of the keywords:
# Options FileInfo AuthConfig Limit
#
AllowOverride None
#
# Controls who can get stuff from this server.
#
Require all granted
</Directory>
#
# DirectoryIndex: sets the file that Apache will serve if a directory
# is requested.
#
<IfModule dir_module>
DirectoryIndex index.html
</IfModule>
#
# The following lines prevent .htaccess and .htpasswd files from being
# viewed by Web clients.
#
<Files ".ht*">
Require all denied
</Files>
#
# ErrorLog: The location of the error log file.
# If you do not specify an ErrorLog directive within a <VirtualHost>
# container, error messages relating to that virtual host will be
# logged here. If you *do* define an error logfile for a <VirtualHost>
# container, that host's errors will be logged there and not here.
#
ErrorLog "logs/error_log"
#
# LogLevel: Control the number of messages logged to the error_log.
# Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,
# alert, emerg.
#
LogLevel warn
<IfModule log_config_module>
#
# The following directives define some format nicknames for use with
# a CustomLog directive (see below).
#
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common
<IfModule logio_module>
# You need to enable mod_logio.c to use %I and %O
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\" %I %O" combinedio
</IfModule>
#
# The location and format of the access logfile (Common Logfile Format).
# If you do not define any access logfiles within a <VirtualHost>
# container, they will be logged here. Contrariwise, if you *do*
# define per-<VirtualHost> access logfiles, transactions will be
# logged therein and *not* in this file.
#
#CustomLog "logs/access_log" common
#
# If you prefer a logfile with access, agent, and referer information
# (Combined Logfile Format) you can use the following directive.
#
CustomLog "logs/access_log" combined
</IfModule>
<IfModule alias_module>
#
# Redirect: Allows you to tell clients about documents that used to
# exist in your server's namespace, but do not anymore. The client
# will make a new request for the document at its new location.
# Example:
# Redirect permanent /foo http://www.example.com/bar
#
# Alias: Maps web paths into filesystem paths and is used to
# access content that does not live under the DocumentRoot.
# Example:
# Alias /webpath /full/filesystem/path
#
# If you include a trailing / on /webpath then the server will
# require it to be present in the URL. You will also likely
# need to provide a <Directory> section to allow access to
# the filesystem path.
#
# ScriptAlias: This controls which directories contain server scripts.
# ScriptAliases are essentially the same as Aliases, except that
# documents in the target directory are treated as applications and
# run by the server when requested rather than as documents sent to the
# client. The same rules about trailing "/" apply to ScriptAlias
# directives as to Alias.
#
ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/var/www/cgi-bin/"
</IfModule>
#
# "/var/www/cgi-bin" should be changed to whatever your ScriptAliased
# CGI directory exists, if you have that configured.
#
<Directory "/var/www/cgi-bin">
AllowOverride None
Options None
Require all granted
</Directory>
<IfModule mime_module>
#
# TypesConfig points to the file containing the list of mappings from
# filename extension to MIME-type.
#
TypesConfig /etc/mime.types
#
# AddType allows you to add to or override the MIME configuration
# file specified in TypesConfig for specific file types.
#
#AddType application/x-gzip .tgz
#
# AddEncoding allows you to have certain browsers uncompress
# information on the fly. Note: Not all browsers support this.
#
#AddEncoding x-compress .Z
#AddEncoding x-gzip .gz .tgz
#
# If the AddEncoding directives above are commented-out, then you
# probably should define those extensions to indicate media types:
#
AddType application/x-compress .Z
AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz
#
# AddHandler allows you to map certain file extensions to "handlers":
# actions unrelated to filetype. These can be either built into the server
# or added with the Action directive (see below)
#
# To use CGI scripts outside of ScriptAliased directories:
# (You will also need to add "ExecCGI" to the "Options" directive.)
#
#AddHandler cgi-script .cgi
# For type maps (negotiated resources):
#AddHandler type-map var
#
# Filters allow you to process content before it is sent to the client.
#
# To parse .shtml files for server-side includes (SSI):
# (You will also need to add "Includes" to the "Options" directive.)
#
AddType text/html .shtml
AddOutputFilter INCLUDES .shtml
</IfModule>
#
# Specify a default charset for all content served; this enables
# interpretation of all content as UTF-8 by default. To use the
# default browser choice (ISO-8859-1), or to allow the META tags
# in HTML content to override this choice, comment out this
# directive:
#
AddDefaultCharset UTF-8
<IfModule mime_magic_module>
#
# The mod_mime_magic module allows the server to use various hints from the
# contents of the file itself to determine its type. The MIMEMagicFile
# directive tells the module where the hint definitions are located.
#
MIMEMagicFile conf/magic
</IfModule>
#
# Customizable error responses come in three flavors:
# 1) plain text 2) local redirects 3) external redirects
#
# Some examples:
#ErrorDocument 500 "The server made a boo boo."
#ErrorDocument 404 /missing.html
#ErrorDocument 404 "/cgi-bin/missing_handler.pl"
#ErrorDocument 402 http://www.example.com/subscription_info.html
#
#
# EnableMMAP and EnableSendfile: On systems that support it,
# memory-mapping or the sendfile syscall may be used to deliver
# files. This usually improves server performance, but must
# be turned off when serving from networked-mounted
# filesystems or if support for these functions is otherwise
# broken on your system.
# Defaults if commented: EnableMMAP On, EnableSendfile Off
#
#EnableMMAP off
EnableSendfile on
# Supplemental configuration
#
# Load config files in the "/etc/httpd/conf.d" directory, if any.
IncludeOptional conf.d/*.conf