Unsafe在JUC里用的非常普遍,所以花时间看了看其实现, 贴先源码吧,其实并不复杂:
sun.misc.Unsafe.java 源码:
http://www.javasourcecode.org/html/open-source/jdk/jdk-6u23/sun/misc/Unsafe.java.html
从源码实现来看,Unsafe是个单例,其实例只能通过静态方法获得:
public static Unsafe getUnsafe() {
Class cc = sun.reflect.Reflection.getCallerClass(2);
if (cc.getClassLoader() != null)
throw new SecurityException("Unsafe");
return theUnsafe;
}
如果我们正常的应用程序去调用的话,会抛出SecurityException,获取实例时先看调用的类是否启动类加载器加载,不是的话就抛出异常,其comment也强调Unsafe是应用于安全性代码的.那如果我们的确需要使用时,可以通过反射,将私有变量theUnsafe(唯一实例的引用)可见,再获取:
Field theUnsafe = Unsafe.class.getDeclaredField("theUnsafe");
theUnsafe.setAccessible(true);
Unsafe unsafe = (Unsafe) theUnsafe.get(null);
Unsafe 也是基于CAS(compare and swap)的,CAS是现代CPU提供给并发程序使用的原语操作. 不同的CPU有不同的使用规范.在 Intel 处理器中，比较并交换通过指令的 cmpxchg 系列实现。CAS 操作包含三个操作数 —— 内存位置（V）、预期原值（A）和新值(B).JUC里的原子类的实现都是通过CAS,CAS能更高效的从机器码层面提供并发操作.
另,相应的sun.misc.natUnsafe.cc 源码:
#include <gcj/cni.h>
#include <gcj/field.h>
#include <gcj/javaprims.h>
#include <jvm.h>
#include <sun/misc/Unsafe.h>
#include <java/lang/System.h>
#include <java/lang/InterruptedException.h>
#include <java/lang/Thread.h>
#include <java/lang/Long.h>
#include "sysdep/locks.h"
// Use a spinlock for multi-word accesses
class spinlock
{
static volatile obj_addr_t lock;
public:
spinlock ()
{
while (! compare_and_swap (&lock, 0, 1))
_Jv_ThreadYield ();
}
~spinlock ()
{
release_set (&lock, 0);
}
};
// This is a single lock that is used for all synchronized accesses if
// the compiler can't generate inline compare-and-swap operations. In
// most cases it'll never be used, but the i386 needs it for 64-bit
// locked accesses and so does PPC32. It's worth building libgcj with
// target=i486 (or above) to get the inlines.
volatile obj_addr_t spinlock::lock;
static inline bool
compareAndSwap (volatile jint *addr, jint old, jint new_val)
{
jboolean result = false;
spinlock lock;
if ((result = (*addr == old)))
*addr = new_val;
return result;
}
static inline bool
compareAndSwap (volatile jlong *addr, jlong old, jlong new_val)
{
jboolean result = false;
spinlock lock;
if ((result = (*addr == old)))
*addr = new_val;
return result;
}
static inline bool
compareAndSwap (volatile jobject *addr, jobject old, jobject new_val)
{
jboolean result = false;
spinlock lock;
if ((result = (*addr == old)))
*addr = new_val;
return result;
}
jlong
sun::misc::Unsafe::objectFieldOffset (::java::lang::reflect::Field *field)
{
_Jv_Field *fld = _Jv_FromReflectedField (field);
// FIXME: what if it is not an instance field?
return fld->getOffset();
}
jint
sun::misc::Unsafe::arrayBaseOffset (jclass arrayClass)
{
// FIXME: assert that arrayClass is array.
jclass eltClass = arrayClass->getComponentType();
return (jint)(jlong) _Jv_GetArrayElementFromElementType (NULL, eltClass);
}
jint
sun::misc::Unsafe::arrayIndexScale (jclass arrayClass)
{
// FIXME: assert that arrayClass is array.
jclass eltClass = arrayClass->getComponentType();
if (eltClass->isPrimitive())
return eltClass->size();
return sizeof (void *);
}
// These methods are used when the compiler fails to generate inline
// versions of the compare-and-swap primitives.
jboolean
sun::misc::Unsafe::compareAndSwapInt (jobject obj, jlong offset,
jint expect, jint update)
{
jint *addr = (jint *)((char *)obj + offset);
return compareAndSwap (addr, expect, update);
}
jboolean
sun::misc::Unsafe::compareAndSwapLong (jobject obj, jlong offset,
jlong expect, jlong update)
{
volatile jlong *addr = (jlong*)((char *) obj + offset);
return compareAndSwap (addr, expect, update);
}
jboolean
sun::misc::Unsafe::compareAndSwapObject (jobject obj, jlong offset,
jobject expect, jobject update)
{
jobject *addr = (jobject*)((char *) obj + offset);
return compareAndSwap (addr, expect, update);
}
void
sun::misc::Unsafe::putOrderedInt (jobject obj, jlong offset, jint value)
{
volatile jint *addr = (jint *) ((char *) obj + offset);
*addr = value;
}
void
sun::misc::Unsafe::putOrderedLong (jobject obj, jlong offset, jlong value)
{
volatile jlong *addr = (jlong *) ((char *) obj + offset);
spinlock lock;
*addr = value;
}
void
sun::misc::Unsafe::putOrderedObject (jobject obj, jlong offset, jobject value)
{
volatile jobject *addr = (jobject *) ((char *) obj + offset);
*addr = value;
}
void
sun::misc::Unsafe::putIntVolatile (jobject obj, jlong offset, jint value)
{
write_barrier ();
volatile jint *addr = (jint *) ((char *) obj + offset);
*addr = value;
}
void
sun::misc::Unsafe::putLongVolatile (jobject obj, jlong offset, jlong value)
{
volatile jlong *addr = (jlong *) ((char *) obj + offset);
spinlock lock;
*addr = value;
}
void
sun::misc::Unsafe::putObjectVolatile (jobject obj, jlong offset, jobject value)
{
write_barrier ();
volatile jobject *addr = (jobject *) ((char *) obj + offset);
*addr = value;
}
#if 0 // FIXME
void
sun::misc::Unsafe::putInt (jobject obj, jlong offset, jint value)
{
jint *addr = (jint *) ((char *) obj + offset);
*addr = value;
}
#endif
void
sun::misc::Unsafe::putLong (jobject obj, jlong offset, jlong value)
{
jlong *addr = (jlong *) ((char *) obj + offset);
spinlock lock;
*addr = value;
}
void
sun::misc::Unsafe::putObject (jobject obj, jlong offset, jobject value)
{
jobject *addr = (jobject *) ((char *) obj + offset);
*addr = value;
}
jint
sun::misc::Unsafe::getIntVolatile (jobject obj, jlong offset)
{
volatile jint *addr = (jint *) ((char *) obj + offset);
jint result = *addr;
read_barrier ();
return result;
}
jobject
sun::misc::Unsafe::getObjectVolatile (jobject obj, jlong offset)
{
volatile jobject *addr = (jobject *) ((char *) obj + offset);
jobject result = *addr;
read_barrier ();
return result;
}
jlong
sun::misc::Unsafe::getLong (jobject obj, jlong offset)
{
jlong *addr = (jlong *) ((char *) obj + offset);
spinlock lock;
return *addr;
}
jlong
sun::misc::Unsafe::getLongVolatile (jobject obj, jlong offset)
{
volatile jlong *addr = (jlong *) ((char *) obj + offset);
spinlock lock;
return *addr;
}
void
sun::misc::Unsafe::unpark (::java::lang::Thread *thread)
{
natThread *nt = (natThread *) thread->data;
nt->park_helper.unpark ();
}
void
sun::misc::Unsafe::park (jboolean isAbsolute, jlong time)
{
using namespace ::java::lang;
Thread *thread = Thread::currentThread();
natThread *nt = (natThread *) thread->data;
nt->park_helper.park (isAbsolute, time);
}