DRF mixins 的常用方法

DRF mixins 常用的操作

• GenericAPIView

  • 继承自APIVIew，增加了对于列表视图和详情视图可能用到的通用支持方法，queryset为列表视图的查询集，serializer_class为视图使用的序列化器

  • 代码块

    class TeacherView(ListModelMixin,GenericAPIView):
        queryset = models.Teacher.objects.all()
        serializer_class = TeacherSerializer

• ListModelMixin

  • 列表视图扩展类，提供list(request, *args, ** kwargs)方法快速实现列表视图，返回200状态码，该Mixin的list方法会对数据进行过滤和分页

  • serializers.py

    # 老师类的序列化
    class TeacherSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
        class Meta:
            model = models.Teacher
            fields = '__all__'

  • views.py

    class TeacherView(ListModelMixin,GenericAPIView):
        queryset = models.Teacher.objects.all()
        serializer_class = TeacherSerializer
        def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
            return self.list(request,*args,**kwargs)

  • urls.py

    path('teacher/',views.TeacherView)

  • 如图
    

• UpdateModelMixin

  • 更新视图扩展类，提供update(request, *args, **kwargs)方法，可以快速实现更新一个存在的数据对象。
    同时也提供partial_update(request, *args, **kwargs)方法，可以实现局部更新。
    成功返回200，序列化器校验数据失败时，返回400错误。

  • serializers.py

    # 老师类的序列化
    class TeacherSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
        name = serializers.CharField(max_length=32)
        class Meta:
            model = models.Teacher
            fields = '__all__'

  • views.py

    class TeacherOtherView(GenericAPIView,UpdateModelMixin):
        queryset = models.Teacher.objects.all()
        serializer_class = TeacherSerializer
    
        def put(request,*args,**kwargs):
            return self.update(request,*args,**kwargs)

  • urls.py

    re_path(r'teacher/(?P<pk>\d+)/$',views.TeacherOtherView.as_view())

  • 如图
    

• DestroyModelMixin

  • 删除视图扩展类，提供destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)方法，可以快速实现删除一个存在的数据对象。成功返回204，不存在返回404

  • serializers.py

    class TeacherSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
        class Meta:
            model = models.Teacher
            fields = '__all__'

  • views.py

    class TeacherOtherView(GenericAPIView,DestroyModelMixin):
        queryset = models.Teacher.objects.all()
        serializer_class = TeacherSerializer
    
        def delete(request,*args,**kwargs):
            return self.destroy(request,*args,**kwargs)

  • urls.py

    re_path(r'teacher/(?P<pk>\d+)/$',views.TeacherOtherView.as_view())

  • 如图
    

• RetrieveModelMixin

  • 详情视图扩展类，提供retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)方法，可以快速实现返回一个存在的数据对象。如果存在，返回200， 否则返回404

  • serializers.py

    class TeacherSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
        class Meta:
            model = models.Teacher
            fields = '__all__'

  • views.py

    class TeacherOtherView(GenericAPIView,RetrieveModelMixin):
        queryset = models.Teacher.objects.all()
        serializer_class = TeacherSerializer
    
        def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
            return self.retrieve(request,*args,**kwargs)

  • urls.py

    re_path(r'teacher/(?P<pk>\d+)/$',views.TeacherOtherView.as_view())

    • 如图
      

• CreateModelMixin

  • 创建视图扩展类，提供create(request, *args, **kwargs)方法快速实现创建资源的视图，成功返回201状态码。如果序列化器对前端发送的数据验证失败，返回400错误。

  • serializers.py

    # 老师类的序列化
    class TeacherSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
        name = serializers.CharField(max_length=32)
        class Meta:
            model = models.Teacher
            fields = '__all__'

  • views.py

    class TeacherView(GenericAPIView,CreateModelMixin):
        queryset = models.Teacher.objects.all()
        serializer_class = TeacherSerializer
        # 添加数据
        def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
            return self.create(request,*args,**kwargs)

  • urls.py

    path('teacher/',views.TeacherView.as_view())

  • 如图