CentOS 7.6静默安装Oracle 11g

环境说明

系统版本

[root@oracle ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core) 

IP地址

[root@oracle ~]# ifconfig 
        inet 10.4.7.51  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 

主机名

[root@oracle ~]# hostname
oracle

内存与磁盘

内存：2G
磁盘：20G

安装前环境准备

配置本地yum源

如果在没有网的可以将本地镜像挂载使用

[root@oracle ~]#mount /dev/cdrom /mnt

#备份原配置文件
[root@oracle ~]#cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@oracle ~]#mkdir bak
[root@oracle ~]#mv * bak

#创建yum配置文件
[root@oracle ~]#vi /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo 
#添加以下内容
[local]
name=local
baseurl=file:///mnt
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1

#清空yum所有源信息
[root@oracle ~]#yum clean all

#查看本地源的所有软件
[root@oracle ~]#yum list

关闭NetworkManager

[root@oracle ~]# systemctl stop  NetworkManager
[root@oracle ~]# systemctl enable  NetworkManager

关闭selinux

#修改SELINUX=disabled
[root@oracle ~]#vi /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled

[root@oracle ~]#setenforce 0
setenforce: SELinux is disabled

关闭防火墙

[root@oracle ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@oracle ~]# systemctl disable firewalld

给本机服务IP地址作个映射

#添加本机IP地址和主机名
[root@oracle oracle]# vim /etc/hosts
10.4.7.51 oracle

上传解压oracle 11g安装包

这里我将压缩包上传到了/opt目录下

[root@oracle /opt]# ls
linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip  linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
[root@oracle /opt]# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip && unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip 

安装Oracle 11g依赖包

[root@oracle ~]# yum -y install gcc make binutils gcc-c++ compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf-devel elfutils-libelf-devel-static elfutils-libelf-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel numactl-devel sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel pcre-devel

添加安装用户和用户组

Oracle 强制使用非root用户

#创建用户组
[root@oracle ~]#groupadd oinstall 
[root@oracle ~]#groupadd dba 

#创建oracle用户并指定用户组
[root@oracle ~]#useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle 

#为oracle用户设置密码
[root@oracle ~]#passwd oracle

#查看用户信息
[root@oracle ~]#id oracle       
uid=1001(oracle) gid=1001(oinstall) 组=1001(oinstall),1002(dba)
#如显示以上类似信息则表示添加用户和用户组成功 

修改内核参数

[root@oracle ~]#vi /etc/sysctl.conf 
#添加以下内容 
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 
fs.file-max = 6815744 
kernel.shmall = 2097152 
kernel.shmmax = 1073741824 
kernel.shmmni = 4096 
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 
net.core.rmem_default = 262144 
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 
net.core.wmem_default = 262144 
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576 
#其中shmmax是单个共享内存段的最大值，一般设置为本机物理内存的一半，单位为byte，可根据自己的实际情况做相应调整 

#使新内核参数生效 
[root@oracle ~]#sysctl –p   

修改用户的限制文件

[root@oracle ~]#vi /etc/security/limits.conf 
#添加以下内容 
oracle soft nproc 2047 
oracle hard nproc 16384 
oracle soft nofile 1024 
oracle hard nofile 65536 
oracle soft stack 10240 

修改/etc/pam.d/login文件

[root@oracle ~]#vi /etc/pam.d/login
#添加以下内容
session  required   /lib64/security/pam_limits.so
session  required   pam_limits.so

修改/etc/profile文件

[root@oracle ~]#vi /etc/profile
#添加以下内容
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
    if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
        ulimit -p 16384
        ulimit -n 65536
    else
        ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
    fi
fi

#使之生效
[root@oracle ~]#source /etc/profile

创建安装目录和设置文件权限

[root@oracle ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/
[root@oracle ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
[root@oracle ~]# mkdir /u01/app/oracle/oradata
[root@oracle ~]# mkdir /u01/app/oracle/inventory
[root@oracle ~]# mkdir /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area
[root@oracle ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
[root@oracle ~]# chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oracle

设置oracle用户环境变量

[root@oracle ~]#su - oracle
#此处注意，切换用户时切记要加"-"，加-会拥有目标用户的环境变量，不加"-"则没有，详细的可自行网上搜索找解答

[oracle@oracle ~]$vi .bash_profile
#添加如下内容
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/apps/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0
ORACLE_SID=orcl
PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export ORACLE_BASE
export ORACLE_HOME
export ORACLE_SID
export PATH

#使配置生效
[oracle@oracle ~]$source .bash_profile

编辑静默安装响应文件

[oracle@oracle ~]$ cp -R /opt/database/response/ /home/oracle
[oracle@oracle ~]$ cd /home/oracle/response
[oracle@oracle ~]$ vi db_install.rsp
#需要设置的选项如下,注意只修改以下设置，其他设置不变，否则会报错。
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY   
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle  
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall 
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u10/app/oracle/inventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dba
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true

根据响应文件静默安装Oracle11g Enterprise Edition企业版

[oracle@oracle ~]$cd /opt/database
[oracle@oracle ~]$./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/response/db_install.rsp -ignorePrereq
#Oracle开始在后台静默安装，如果提示Successfully则表示安装成功

#按照要求执行脚本，打开终端，以root用户登录，执行脚本
[root@oracle ~]# /usr/local/apps/oracle/inventory/orainstRoot.sh
[root@oracle ~]# /usr/local/apps/oracle/product/11.2.0/root.sh

以静默方式配置监听

#以oracle用户登录，执行
[oracle@oracle ~]$netca /silent /responsefile /home/oracle/response/netca.rsp

#通过netstat命令查看1521端口是否在监听中
[oracle@oracle ~]$ss -tnulp | grep 1521

Oracle开机自启动设置

修改启动脚本文件

#修改/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/dbstart
[oracle@oracle ~]$vi /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/dbstart
#将ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1修改为ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME

#修改/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/dbshut
[oracle@oracle ~]$vi /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/dbshut
#将ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1修改为ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME

修改/etc/oratab文件

[oracle@oracle ~]$vi /etc/oratab
#将orcl:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0:N中最后的N改为Y，成为orcl:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0:Y

#输入dbshut和dbstart测试
[oracle@oracle ~]$dbshut
#Oracle监听停止，进程消失

[oracle@oracle ~]$dbstart
#Oracle监听启动，进程启动

切换到root账户建立自启动脚本

[oracle@oracle ~]$su -
[root@oracle ~]# vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle 
#!/bin/sh
# chkconfig: 35 80 10
# description: Oracle auto start-stop script.
#
# Set ORA_HOME to be equivalent to the $ORACLE_HOME
# from which you wish to execute dbstart and dbshut;
#
# Set ORA_OWNER to the user id of the owner of the
# Oracle database in ORA_HOME.
ORA_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
ORA_OWNER=oracle
if [ ! -f $ORA_HOME/bin/dbstart ]
then
    echo "Oracle startup: cannot start"
    exit
fi
case "$1" in
'start')
# Start the Oracle databases:
echo "Starting Oracle Databases ... "
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
date +" %T %a %D : Starting Oracle Databases as part of system up." >> /var/log/oracle
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/dbstart" >>/var/log/oracle
echo "Done"

# Start the Listener:
echo "Starting Oracle Listeners ... "
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
date +" %T %a %D : Starting Oracle Listeners as part of system up." >> /var/log/oracle
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start" >>/var/log/oracle
echo "Done."
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
date +" %T %a %D : Finished." >> /var/log/oracle
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
touch /var/lock/subsys/oracle
;;

'stop')
# Stop the Oracle Listener:
echo "Stoping Oracle Listeners ... "
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
date +" %T %a %D : Stoping Oracle Listener as part of system down." >> /var/log/oracle
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop" >>/var/log/oracle
echo "Done."
rm -f /var/lock/subsys/oracle

# Stop the Oracle Database:
echo "Stoping Oracle Databases ... "
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
date +" %T %a %D : Stoping Oracle Databases as part of system down." >> /var/log/oracle
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/dbshut" >>/var/log/oracle
echo "Done."
echo ""
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
date +" %T %a %D : Finished." >> /var/log/oracle
echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
;;

'restart')
$0 stop
$0 start
;;
esac

修改/etc/init.d/oracle服务文件权限

[root@oracle ~]#chmod 755 /etc/init.d/oracle

添加开机自启服务

[root@oracle ~]#chkconfig oracle on

需要在关机或重启机器之前停止数据库，做一下操作

#关机
[root@oracle ~]ln -s /etc/init.d/oracle /etc/rc0.d/K01oracle 

#重启
[root@oracle ~]ln -s /etc/init.d/oracle /etc/rc6.d/K01oracle  

#进行测试
[root@oracle ~]# service oracle start       #启动oracle
[root@oracle ~]# service oracle stop        #关闭oracle

重启查看Oracle监听和实例进程是否均能自动启动

[root@oracle ~]#reboot

修改密码过期策略

Oracle 密码默认180天过期

SQL> set linesize 200
SQL> ALTER PROFILE DEFAULT LIMIT PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME UNLIMITED;
SQL> select * from dba_profiles where profile='DEFAULT' and resource_name='PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME';


PROFILE                RESOURCE_NAME            RESOURCE LIMIT
------------------------------ -------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------------------
DEFAULT                PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME       PASSWORD UNLIMITED