- 姓名：黄财泽
- 学号：201821121014
- 班级：计算1811
1 实验目的
- 理解RIP路由表的建立与更新
- 感受RIP坏消息传得慢
2 实验内容
使用Packet Tracer，正确配置网络参数，使用命令查看和分析RIP路由信息。
- 建立网络拓扑结构
- 配置参数
- 分析RIP路由信息
3. 实验报告
3.1 建立网络拓扑结构
网络拓扑图如下图所示：
3.2 配置参数
- 客户端的IP地址为
192.168.1.14 - 路由配置：
R1(config)#interface GigabitEthernet0/0 //进入R1路由器的G0/0端口配置ip
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.15 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
R1(config)#interface GigabitEthernet0/1 //进入R1路由器的G0/1端口配置ip
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.14 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
R1(config)#router rip //RIP的配置
R1(config-router)#version 2
R1(config-router)#192.168.1.0
R1(config-router)#192.168.2.0
3.3 测试网络连通性
在PC1，PING PC2，测试整条链路的连通性，给出截图：
3.4 理解RIP路由表建立和更新
- 查看路由过程的信息
show ip protocols
Routing Protocol is "rip"
Sending updates every 30 seconds, next due in 22 seconds
Invalid after 180 seconds, hold down 180, flushed after 240
Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Redistributing: rip
Default version control: send version 2, receive 2
Interface Send Recv Triggered RIP Key-chain
GigabitEthernet0/0 2 2
GigabitEthernet0/1 2 2
Automatic network summarization is in effect
Maximum path: 4
Routing for Networks:
192.168.1.0
192.168.2.0
Passive Interface(s):
Routing Information Sources:
Gateway Distance Last Update
192.168.2.15 120 00:00:24
Distance: (default is 120)
解释：该结果说明了路由协议是RIP，每30秒发送一次更新，最大的路径长度为4，以及该路由的网络ip
- 查看路由表
show ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
192.168.1.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
L 192.168.1.15/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0
192.168.2.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1
L 192.168.2.14/32 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/1
R 192.168.3.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.2.15, 00:00:07, GigabitEthernet0/1
解释：该结果说明了该路由的两个端口都是直接连接的，R那一行表示已经学习到非直连路由
- 查看RIP发送和接收报文
debug ip rip
RIP: sending v2 update to 224.0.0.9 via GigabitEthernet0/0 (192.168.1.15)
RIP: build update entries
192.168.2.0/24 via 0.0.0.0, metric 1, tag 0
192.168.3.0/24 via 0.0.0.0, metric 2, tag 0
RIP: sending v2 update to 224.0.0.9 via GigabitEthernet0/1 (192.168.2.14)
RIP: build update entries
192.168.1.0/24 via 0.0.0.0, metric 1, tag 0
RIP: received v2 update from 192.168.2.15 on GigabitEthernet0/1
192.168.3.0/24 via 0.0.0.0 in 1 hops
RIP: sending v2 update to 224.0.0.9 via GigabitEthernet0/0 (192.168.1.15)
RIP: build update entries
192.168.2.0/24 via 0.0.0.0, metric 1, tag 0
192.168.3.0/24 via 0.0.0.0, metric 2, tag 0
RIP: sending v2 update to 224.0.0.9 via GigabitEthernet0/1 (192.168.2.14)
RIP: build update entries
192.168.1.0/24 via 0.0.0.0, metric 1, tag 0
RIP: received v2 update from 192.168.2.15 on GigabitEthernet0/1
192.168.3.0/24 via 0.0.0.0 in 1 hops
RIP: sending v2 update to 224.0.0.9 via GigabitEthernet0/0 (192.168.1.15)
RIP: build update entries
192.168.2.0/24 via 0.0.0.0, metric 1, tag 0
192.168.3.0/24 via 0.0.0.0, metric 2, tag 0
RIP: sending v2 update to 224.0.0.9 via GigabitEthernet0/1 (192.168.2.14)
RIP: build update entries
192.168.1.0/24 via 0.0.0.0, metric 1, tag 0
解释：G0/0端口将更新发送到224.0.09，从192.168.2.15接收到更新的信息。经过一跳从192.168.3.0至0.0.0.0
4. 理解RIP消息传得慢
通过命令shutdown关闭R1接口G0/0/0。在R1查看RIP路由更新信息debug ip rip，并简要（不需要每一步都分析）分析R1的路由表是如何再次收敛的。
RIP: received v2 update from 192.168.2.15 on GigabitEthernet0/1
192.168.3.0/24 via 0.0.0.0 in 1 hops
RIP: received v2 update from 192.168.2.15 on GigabitEthernet0/1
192.168.3.0/24 via 0.0.0.0 in 1 hops
RIP: received v2 update from 192.168.2.15 on GigabitEthernet0/1
192.168.3.0/24 via 0.0.0.0 in 1 hops
RIP: received v2 update from 192.168.2.15 on GigabitEthernet0/1
192.168.3.0/24 via 0.0.0.0 in 1 hops
分析：将R1接口的G0/0关闭后，G0/0不再发送RIP更新信息。R1每30秒收到一次更新的路由表信息首先将到网的距离改为16，但是此时R2并不到该不可达，将路由表传给R1，R1更新路由表到该网的距离小于16，网经过16跳之后路由就知道了R1到该网不可达，路由表消息传得慢，经过长时间后路由表才再次收敛。