Linux CentOS7 下安装 Mysql5.7 并设置自启动

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安装软件:mysql5.7

说明:使用官方编译好的二进制文件进行安装

1.检查操作系统是否自带mysql

[root@localhost local]# rpm -qa|grep mysql
mysql-libs-5.1.73-8.el6_8.x86_64

比如我这里自带了一个mysql。

使用yum命令,因为yum命令可以自动删除与mysql相关的依赖;如果使用rpm命令,则还需要手动去删除和mysql相关的文件

[root@localhost local]# yum -y remove mysql-libs-5.1.73-8.el6_8.x86_64

检查删除是否成功。如果没有提示则删除成功。

[root@localhost local]# rpm -qa|grep mysql

2.下载mysql5.7

mysql官网 https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.7.html#downloads

将下载的安装包"mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz"利用xftp上传至/usr/local下解压

[root@localhost local]# tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

顺手删除mysql5.7的源码包

[root@localhost local]# rm -f mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

修改文件名

[root@localhost local]# mv mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql57

进入/mysql57创建data文件夹

[root@localhost local]# cd mysql57/
[root@localhost mysql57]# mkdir data

3.创建mysql用户组和mysql用户

#查看有没有mysql组
[root@localhost mysql57]# cat /etc/group | grep mysql
查看有没有mysql用户
[root@localhost mysql57]# cat /etc/passwd |grep mysql
若没有则创建mysql组
#创建mysql用户组
[root@localhost mysql57]# groupadd mysql
#创建mysql用户并添加到mysql用户组中(//useradd -r参数表示mysql用户是系统用户,不可用于登录系统;第一个mysql是用户组,第二个mysql是用户) 
[root@localhost mysql57]# useradd -r -g mysql mysql
#检查用户组是否创建成功
[root@localhost mysql57]# groups mysql

4.设置mysql目录访问权限,用户组

#将mysql目录访问权限赋为myql用户
[root@localhost mysql57]# chown -R mysql /usr/local/mysql57
#改变mysql目录的用户组属于mysql组
[root@localhost mysql57]# chgrp -R mysql /usr/local/mysql57
#查看mysql目录下所有的目录及文件夹所属组合用户
[root@localhost mysql57]# cd /usr/local/mysql57
[root@localhost mysql57]# ll
total 56
drwxr-xr-x  2 mysql mysql  4096 Aug 11 21:24 bin
-rw-r--r--  1 mysql mysql 17987 Dec 28  2017 COPYING
drwxr-xr-x  2 mysql mysql  4096 Aug 11 21:40 data
drwxr-xr-x  2 mysql mysql  4096 Aug 11 21:24 docs
drwxr-xr-x  3 mysql mysql  4096 Aug 11 21:23 include
drwxr-xr-x  5 mysql mysql  4096 Aug 11 21:24 lib
drwxr-xr-x  4 mysql mysql  4096 Aug 11 21:23 man
-rw-r--r--  1 mysql mysql  2478 Dec 28  2017 README
drwxr-xr-x 28 mysql mysql  4096 Aug 11 21:24 share
drwxr-xr-x  2 mysql mysql  4096 Aug 11 21:24 support-files

5.配置mysql

创建以下文件,设置访问权限,用于mysql配置中

第一步:创建文件/tmp/mysql.sock。并设置权限

创建文件

[root@localhost mysql57]# mkdir tmp
[root@localhost mysql57]# cd tmp
[root@localhost tmp]# ll
total 0
[root@localhost tmp]# touch mysql.sock
[root@localhost tmp]# ll
total 0
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 11 21:59 mysql.sock

设置权限

[root@localhost tmp]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql57/tmp/mysql.sock
[root@localhost tmp]# chmod 755 /usr/local/mysql57/tmp/mysql.sock

第二步:创建/log/mysqld.log。并设置权限

[root@localhost mysql57]# mkdir log
[root@localhost mysql57]# cd log
[root@localhost log]# ll
total 0
[root@localhost log]# touch mysqld.log
[root@localhost log]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql57/log/mysqld.log
[root@localhost log]# chmod 755 /usr/local/mysql57/log/mysqld.log

如果出错,说明路径没有写全,要写绝对路径

第三步:创建/tmp/mysqld.pid。并设置权限

[root@localhost log]# cd ../tmp
[root@localhost tmp]# touch mysqld.pid
[root@localhost tmp]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql57/tmp/mysqld.pid 
[root@localhost tmp]# chmod 755 /usr/local/mysql57/tmp/mysqld.pid 

6.初始化mysql

[root@localhost mysql57]# bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql57/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql57/data/

配置SSL参数(在mysql目录下)

[root@localhost mysql57]# bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --datadir=/usr/local/mysql57/data/

由于mysql-5.7.23版本my.cnf不在/support-files下,故我们创建my.cnf文件。

[root@localhost mysql57]# touch /etc/my.cnf
[root@localhost mysql57]# vim /etc/my.cnf

复制如下内容(每个人安装路径可能不一样,需要修改):

[mysqld]
character_set_server=utf8
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
basedir=/usr/local/mysql57
datadir=/usr/local/mysql57/data
port = 3306
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
log-error=/usr/local/mysql57/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/usr/local/mysql57/tmp/mysqld.pid
#表名不区分大小写
lower_case_table_names = 1
max_connections=5000
sql_mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION

配置mysql自动启动(可根据需要配置)

[root@localhost mysql57]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
[root@localhost mysql57]# vim /etc/init.d/mysql

若配置了mysql自启动方式则可以使用服务方式启动mysql

#查看mysql状态
/etc/init.d/mysql status 或者 service mysql status
#启动mysql
/etc/init.d/mysql start 或者 service mysql start
#停止mysql
/etc/init.d/mysql stop 或者 service mysql stop
#重新启动mysql
/etc/init.d/mysql restart 或者 service mysql restart
查看mysql服务说明启动成功
ps -ef|grep mysql

启动mysql

[root@localhost tmp]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL. ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/usr/local/mysql57/tmp/mysqld.pid).

报错了,上面说没有/usr/local/mysql57/tmp/mysqld.pid。

解决方案:

a)创建文件/usr/local/mysql57/tmp/mysqld.pid

b)修改权限

修改存放mysqld.pid文件目录的权限

chown -R mysql /usr/local/mysql57/tmp
chgrp -R mysql /usr/local/mysql57/tmp
chmod 777 /usr/local/mysql57/tmp

重新启动成功(如果还不行,就是中间某个步骤写错了。或者直接把mysql目录权限赋为777)

[root@localhost tmp]# /etc/init.d/mysql start
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! 

8.配置mysql到环境变量

[root@localhost tmp]# vim /etc/profile
export MYSQL57_HOME=/usr/local/mysql57/bin #mysql5.7/bin路径
export PATH=$PATH:${MYSQ57_HOME}

[root@localhost tmp]# source /etc/profile

9.mysql忘记密码

切换到mysql下的bin目录

[root@localhost bin]# ./mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)

ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)

密码错误。。而且之前安装的密码也忘记了

解决方案:

第一步:跳过MySQL的密码认证过程
(注:windows下修改的是my.ini)
 

[root@localhost bin]# #vim /etc/my.cnf

保存并退出(esc--> :wq)

第二步:重启mysql

[root@localhost bin]# /etc/init.d/mysql restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! 
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!

第三步:登录mysql
进入mysql/bin目录,启动mysql

[root@localhost bin]# ./mysql
启动成功

  

第四步:使用sql语句修改密码

mysql> use mysql;
mysql> update user set authentication_string=password("你的新密码") where user="root";
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> quit


 注意:mysql5.7没有password字段

ERROR 1054 (42S22): Unknown column 'password' in 'field list'
第五步:重新编辑my.cnf
去掉[mysqld]后面的“skip-grant-tables”

[root@localhost bin]# vim /etc/my.cnf 


重启mysql

[root@localhost bin]# /etc/init.d/mysql restart

10.设置mysql远程登录
先本地登录mysql

[root@localhost bin]# ./mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.21
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
 
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.


10.1报错
 突然报错

 ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.

mysql> use mysql
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
解决方案:需要重新修改一下密码

mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by '修改的密码';
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> quit;


10.2继续配置

mysql> use mysql;
mysql> update  user  set host='%' where user='root';
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'myuser'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'mypwd' WITH GRANT OPTION;
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES; 
mysql> quit;

  

10.3重启mysql

[root@localhost bin]# service mysql restart;

10.4设置防火墙
a)配置防火墙开启3306端口

[root@localhost bin]# /sbin/iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 3306-j ACCEPT
[root@localhost bin]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/iptables save
iptables: Saving firewall rules to /etc/sysconfig/iptables:   [  OK  ]
[root@localhost bin]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/iptables restart
iptables: Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter             [  OK  ]
iptables: Flushing firewall rules:                         [  OK  ]
iptables: Unloading modules:                           [  OK  ]
iptables: Applying firewall rules:                        [  OK  ]


b)临时关闭防火墙

[root@localhost bin]# service iptables stop


c)永久关闭防火墙

 重启后永久生效

[root@localhost bin]# chkconfig iptables off

10.5远程连接mysql

连接成功

Mysql 自动启动

1、将服务文件拷贝到init.d下,并重命名为mysql

cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

2、赋予可执行权限

chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld

3、添加服务

chkconfig --add mysqld

4、显示服务列表

chkconfig --list

如果看到mysql的服务,并且3,4,5都是on的话则成功,如果是off,则键入

chkconfig --level 345 mysqld on

5、重启电脑

reboot

6、验证

netstat -na | grep 3306

如果看到有监听说明服务启动了

或者用ps -ef|grep mysql 或者 service mysqld status


 

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转载自blog.csdn.net/wudawei071193/article/details/100777206