docker容器内找不到命令，bash: ip: command not found

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在学习Docker的网络工作原理的时候，跟着教程查看容器内的ip，被提示找不到命令：

root@root$ docker run -d httpd
Unable to find image 'httpd:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/httpd
8d691f585fa8: Pull complete 
8eb779d8bd44: Pull complete 
574add29ec5c: Pull complete 
9ccffbf4a714: Pull complete 
166e14b82905: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:649bd29cc9284f06cf1a99726c4e747a83679e04eea3311b55022dd247026138
Status: Downloaded newer image for httpd:latest
8c8859f1f98beaaf3e9e648dc5bd39f01cf69ff57ccd42a313807458b754b34c
root@root$ docker exec -it 8c8859f1f98b bash
root@8c8859f1f98b:/usr/local/apache2# ip a
bash: ip: command not found

原因是docker的base镜像只包含简单的操作系统，其他命令需要自己安装：

root@8c8859f1f98b:/usr/local/apache2# apt update && apt install -y iproute2

更新并安装iproute2后就可以跟着教程继续学习啦，查看容器内ip信息：

root@8c8859f1f98b:/usr/local/apache2# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
5: eth0@if6: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default 
    link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
    inet 172.17.0.2/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

当然，也可以创建自己的新镜像

root@8c8859f1f98b:/usr/local/apache2# exit
exit
root@root$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND              CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
8c8859f1f98b        httpd               "httpd-foreground"   29 minutes ago      Up 29 minutes       80/tcp              boring_blackwell
root@root$ docker commit boring_blackwell httpd_ip
sha256:b8e09385d76c914d62ab3ea8ea05b674c32adcbf23cd7acb984cb106eedebf4e
root@root$ docker images
REPOSITORY                  TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
httpd_ip                    latest              b8e09385d76c        32 seconds ago      176MB
httpd                       latest              66a97eeec7b8        5 days ago          154MB