文章结构：
一.使用逻辑卷配置ftp数据存放目录
二.安装和配置vsftpd服务
三.使用不通权限的用户访问ftp服务器
系统环境：
一.使用逻辑卷配置ftp数据存放目录
1.1 配置ftp数据存放目录，此处使用逻辑卷，以便后期添加磁盘。
[root@FTPserver ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
1.2 制作逻辑卷并挂载：
[root@FTPserver ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1 #新建pv
[root@FTPserver ~]# vgcreate VGroup01 /dev/sdb1 #新建vg
[root@FTPserver ~]# lvcreate -L 45G -n ftp_data VGroup01 #新建lv
[root@FTPserver ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/VGroup01/ftp_data #格式化磁盘
[root@FTPserver ~]# mount /dev/VGroup01/ftp_data /data #挂载磁盘
[root@FTPserver ~]# echo "/dev/VGroup01/ftp_data /data xfs defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
二.安装和配置vsftpd服务
[root@FTPserver ~]# yum -y install vsftpd #安装vsftp软件包
[root@FTPserver ~]# yum info vsftpd #查看安装信息
[root@FTPserver ~]# cd /etc/vsftpd/ #进入vsftp配置文件目录
[root@FTPserver vsftpd]# vim vuser.list
#创建虚拟用户和用户密码文件vuser.list，该文件中奇数行为用户，偶数行为用户登录密码
[root@FTPserver vsftpd]# db_load -T -t hash -f vuser.list vuser.db
[root@FTPServer ~]# file vuser.db #查看文件类型
[root@FTPServer ~]# chmod 600 vuser.db #给该文件600权限
[root@FTPServer ~]# mv vuser.list vuser.bak #将vuser.list移除或删除，只保留vuser.db
[root@FTPserver vsftpd]# useradd -d /data/ftproot -s /sbin/nologin virtual #添加虚拟用户
[root@FTPServer ~]# chmod -Rf 755 /var/ftproot/ #更改目录权限
[root@FTPServer ~]# vim /etc/pam.d/vsftpd.vu #新建认证文件
auth required pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/vuser
account required pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/vuser
[root@FTPserver vsftpd]# cp vsftpd.conf vsftpd.conf.bak
[root@FTPserver vsftpd]# > vsftpd.conf
[root@FTPserver vsftpd]# vi vsftpd.conf #将下列配置文件写入vsftpd.conf中
#注意：在重启服务的过程中发现，该配置文件中存在空格会使服务重启失败，若重启过程中报错配置文件中参数有误，可能时该问题引起。
| #exmple config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf # # The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file # loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable. # Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults. # # READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options. # Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's # capabilities. # # Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out). anonymous_enable=NO #禁止匿名用户登录 # # Uncomment this to allow local users to log in. # When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool ftp_home_dir local_enable=YES #允许本地用户登录 # # Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command. #write_enable=YES #允许本地用户拥有写权限 # # Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022, # if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's) #local_umask=022 #本地用户新建文件或目录的umask值 # # Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only # has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will # obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user. # When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool allow_ftpd_anon_write, allow_ftpd_full_access #anon_upload_enable=YES # # Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create # new directories. #anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES # # Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they # go into a certain directory. dirmessage_enable=YES # # Activate logging of uploads/downloads. xferlog_enable=YES # # Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data). connect_from_port_20=YES #连接20端口进行数据传输 # # If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by # a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not # recommended! chown_uploads=YES #chown_username=whoever # # You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown # below. #xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog # # If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format. # Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case. xferlog_std_format=YES # # You may change the default value for timing out an idle session. #idle_session_timeout=600 # # You may change the default value for timing out a data connection. #data_connection_timeout=120 # # It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the # ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user. #nopriv_user=ftpsecure # # Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not # recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it, # however, may confuse older FTP clients. async_abor_enable=YES # # By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore # the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII # mangling on files when in ASCII mode. # Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service # attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd # predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the # raw file. # ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol. ascii_upload_enable=YES ascii_download_enable=YES # # You may fully customise the login banner string: ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service. # # You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently # useful for combatting certain DoS attacks. #deny_email_enable=YES # (default follows) #banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails # # You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home # directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of # users to NOT chroot(). # (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that # the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the # chroot) chroot_local_user=YES #限制在自己的目录中，不能对别人的目录进行操作 #chroot_list_enable=YES # (default follows) #chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list # # You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by # default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large # sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume # the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it. #ls_recurse_enable=YES # # When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and # listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction # with the listen_ipv6 directive. listen=NO # # This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening # on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6 # and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6 # sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific # addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration # files. # Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !! listen_ipv6=YES pam_service_name=vsftpd.vu #使用的pam文件名称，该文件在上面的步骤中已经新建 userlist_enable=YES tcp_wrappers=YES use_localtime=YES listen_port=10021 #使用10021端口访问ftp服务器 guest_enable=YES #允许虚拟用户登录 guest_username=virtual #虚拟用户使用的本地用户的用户名 user_config_dir=/etc/vsftpd/vuser_dir #虚拟用户使用的文件 virtual_use_local_privs=YES pasv_min_port=40000 #使用被动模式，被动模式使用的端口范围 pasv_max_port=40010 accept_timeout=5 connect_timeout=1 allow_writeable_chroot=YES |
[root@FTPServer ~]# mkdir vuser_dir #新建虚拟用户的权限文件夹，将用户的权限放在各自的文件中，而不是放在配置文件中，这样可以对不同用户的权限进行合理化分配
[root@FTPServer ~]# vim vuser_dir/vmftp01 #vmftp01用户的权限
local_root=/var/data/vmftp01
anon_upload_enable=YES
anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
anon_other_write_enable=YES
[root@FTPServer ~]# vi vuser_dir/vmftp02 #vmftp02用户的权限
local_root=/var//data/vmftp02
anon_mkdir_write_enable=NO
anon_other_write_enable=NO
这里还可以设置以下权限：
| local_root=/home/path #指定用户根目录 write_enable=YES #可写 download_enable=NO #不能下载 anon_umask=022 #用户新建文件和文件夹的umask值 anon_world_readable_only=NO #关闭只可读权限 anon_upload_enable=YES #可上传 anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES #可创建目录权限 anon_other_write_enable=YES #其他写权限，改，删 |
[root@FTPserver vsftpd]# mkdir /data/ftproot/vmftp01 #新建vmftp01用户的数据目录
[root@FTPserver vsftpd]# mkdir /data/ftproot/vmftp02 #新建vmftp02用户的数据目录
[root@FTPserver vsftpd]# echo "welcome" >> /data/ftproot/vmftp01/welcome.txt
[root@FTPserver vsftpd]# echo "welcome" >> /data/ftproot/vmftp02/welcome.txt
[root@FTPserver vsftpd]# chown -R virtual:virtual /data/ftproot/ #该目录下的文件所有者要修改成virtual，若是其他用户则可能存在权限问题，尤其是对已有文件的读和下载时
[root@FTPServer ~]# systemctl start vsftpd #重启服务并加入开机自启动
[root@FTPServer ~]# systemctl enable vsftpd
三.使用不通权限的用户访问ftp服务器
此时就可以使用ftp://192.168.2.123:10021登录ftp服务器了，使用vmftp01登录时：
使用vmftp02登录时：
