RHEL sosreport简介
sosreport对很多RedHat爱好者来说应该并不陌生! 它是一款在RedHat Linux下帮你收集系统信息打成一个tar包的工具,你可以将这个tar包发给供应商来定位问题.
当你给RedHat开个case时, 他们会第一时间找你要 sosreport. 本文中我们会演示如何生成 sosreport 以及如何阅读 sosreport.
如果 sosreport 包并未安装,你会看到如下错误:
root@kerneltalks # sosreport
-bash: sosreport: command not found
使用yum安装 sos 包. 你可以按照 这里 说明的安装步骤来安装. 以下是安装日志供你参考.
root@kerneltalks # yum install sos
Loaded plugins: amazon-id, rhui-lb, search-disabled-repos
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package sos.noarch 0:3.4-6.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: bzip2 for package: sos-3.4-6.el7.noarch --> Running transaction check ---> Package bzip2.x86_64 0:1.0.6-13.el7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved =================================================================================================================================================== ===================== Package Arch Version Repository Size =================================================================================================================================================== ===================== Installing: sos noarch 3.4-6.el7 rhui-REGION-rhel-server-releases 381 k Installing for dependencies: bzip2 x86_64 1.0.6-13.el7 rhui-REGION-rhel-server-releases 52 k Transaction Summary =================================================================================================================================================== ===================== Install 1 Package (+1 Dependent package) Total download size: 433 k Installed size: 1.4 M Is this ok [y/d/N]: y Downloading packages: (1/2): sos-3.4-6.el7.noarch.rpm | 381 kB 00:00:00 (2/2): bzip2-1.0.6-13.el7.x86_64.rpm | 52 kB 00:00:00 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------- Total 610 kB/s | 433 kB 00:00:00 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : bzip2-1.0.6-13.el7.x86_64 1/2 Installing : sos-3.4-6.el7.noarch 2/2 Verifying : sos-3.4-6.el7.noarch 1/2 Verifying : bzip2-1.0.6-13.el7.x86_64 2/2 Installed: sos.noarch 0:3.4-6.el7 Dependency Installed: bzip2.x86_64 0:1.0.6-13.el7 Complete!
如何生成 sosreport
你只需要运行 sosreport 命令就能生成 sosreport 了. 它默认将报告放在 /var/tmp 中,因此你需要保证 /var 挂载点中有足够的空闲空间.
输出文件遵照 sosreport-name.caseID-yyyymmddhhmmss.tar.xz 这样的命名规则,其中 –
- name 就是你提供的名称,默认为主机名
- caseID 如果你没有提供则为空
- 日期格式为 yyyymmdd
- 时间格式为 hhmmss
这是一个压缩过的tar包. 运行sosreport命令后,它会要你输入名称以及case ID,然后开始执行模块收集所有的系统信息并保存道tar包中.
root@kerneltalks # sosreport
sosreport (version 3.4)
This command will collect diagnostic and configuration information from
this Red Hat Enterprise Linux system and installed applications.
An archive containing the collected information will be generated in
/var/tmp/sos.iNadXY and may be provided to a Red Hat support
representative.
Any information provided to Red Hat will be treated in accordance with
the published support policies at:
https://access.redhat.com/support/
The generated archive may contain data considered sensitive and its
content should be reviewed by the originating organization before being
passed to any third party.
No changes will be made to system configuration.
Press ENTER to continue, or CTRL-C to quit.
Please enter your first initial and last name [kerneltalks]: Shrikant Lavhate
Please enter the case id that you are generating this report for []: 12345678 Setting up archive ... Setting up plugins ... Running plugins. Please wait ... Running 74/74: yum... er... Creating compressed archive... Your sosreport has been generated and saved in: /var/tmp/sosreport-ShrikantLavhate.12345678-20171105171210.tar.xz The checksum is: 502b698f6052964ca1c2d348ea7e67a4 Please send this file to your support representative.
命令还会输出结果文件的验证码. 这有助于对方验证文件的完整性.
root@kerneltalks # ll /var/tmp/sosreport-ShrikantLavhate.12345678-20171105171210.tar.xz
-rw-------. 1 root root 8519732 Nov 5 17:12 /var/tmp/sosreport-ShrikantLavhate.12345678-20171105171210.tar.xz
如何阅读 sosreport
生成的报告是一个tar包. 你可以可以自己 un-tar 这个tar包,然后自己阅读里面的内容.
root@kerneltalks # tar xvf /var/tmp/sosreport-ShrikantLavhate.12345678-20171105171210.tar.xz
解压tar包后,你会看到一个以tar包同名的目录. 其中有好多文件和子目录.
root@kerneltalks # ls -lrt sosreport-ShrikantLavhate.12345678-20171105171210
total 16
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 42 Jul 11 15:57 usr
dr-xr-xr-x. 3 root root 19 Jul 11 16:07 boot
dr-xr-xr-x. 10 root root 4096 Nov 5 12:19 proc
dr-xr-xr-x. 10 root root 112 Nov 5 12:19 sys
drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 28 Nov 5 12:19 var
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 18 Nov 5 12:19 dev
dr-xr-xr-x. 7 root root 78 Nov 5 12:24 lib
dr-xr-x---. 2 root root 29 Nov 5 16:23 root
drwxr-xr-x. 34 root root 4096 Nov 5 17:08 etc
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 29 Nov 5 17:12 mount -> sos_commands/filesys/mount_-l
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 27 Nov 5 17:12 df -> sos_commands/filesys/df_-al
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 27 Nov 5 17:12 uptime -> sos_commands/general/uptime
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 28 Nov 5 17:12 uname -> sos_commands/kernel/uname_-a drwx------. 3 root root 18 Nov 5 17:12 sos_strings lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 25 Nov 5 17:12 lsmod -> sos_commands/kernel/lsmod lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 45 Nov 5 17:12 java -> sos_commands/java/alternatives_--display_java lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 29 Nov 5 17:12 hostname -> sos_commands/general/hostname lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 31 Nov 5 17:12 dmidecode -> sos_commands/hardware/dmidecode lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 25 Nov 5 17:12 date -> sos_commands/general/date lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 32 Nov 5 17:12 route -> sos_commands/networking/route_-n lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 30 Nov 5 17:12 ps -> sos_commands/process/ps_auxwww lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 41 Nov 5 17:12 netstat -> sos_commands/networking/netstat_-W_-neopa lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 22 Nov 5 17:12 last -> sos_commands/last/last lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 34 Nov 5 17:12 ip_addr -> sos_commands/networking/ip_-o_addr lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 24 Nov 5 17:12 free -> sos_commands/memory/free lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 130 Nov 5 17:12 installed-rpms -> sos_commands/rpm/sh_-c_rpm_--nodigest_-qa_--qf_NAME_-_VERSION_-_RELEASE_ ._ARCH_INSTALLTIME_date_awk_-F_printf_-59s_s_n_1_2_sort_-f lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 38 Nov 5 17:12 chkconfig -> sos_commands/services/chkconfig_--list -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1481 Nov 5 17:12 version.txt drwx------. 2 root root 37 Nov 5 17:12 sos_reports drwx------. 2 root root 35 Nov 5 17:12 sos_logs drwx------. 43 root root 4096 Nov 5 17:12 sos_commands drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 19 Nov 5 17:12 run
在 sos_reports 目录中你会看到 sos.txt 和 sos.html 文件.
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在 sos.txt 文件中,你可以看到所有加载了的插件,执行过的命令,被sosreport拷贝的文件. 在 sos.html 文件中所有这些内容都通过超链接连接到目录中的原始内容. 这样你可以你可以直接查看脚本命令的输出结果和拷贝过的文件.
sosreport 探测到的任何警告都会在这些文件的开始位置高亮显示出来.
本文基于3.4版的 sosreport. 如果你的版本不同,那么可能信息会有少许的差异.