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Ubuntu下编译安装Opencv，其中opencv编译安装自己亲自试过3次，应该没有什么问题
Ubuntu下编译安装Opencv
STEP 1--Install ubuntu16.04
download and install ubuntu 16.04 LTS from http://releases.ubuntu.com/16.04.4/ubuntu-16.04.4-desktop-amd64.iso
STEP2--Install python3.6 and required modules:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install python3.6
sudo apt-get install python3.6-dev
wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py
sudo python3.6 get-pip.py
sudo ln -s /usr/bin/python3.6 /usr/local/bin/python3
sudo ln -s /usr/local/bin/pip /usr/local/bin/pip3
sudo python3.6 -m pip install numpy
sudo python3.6 -m pip install scipy
sudo python3.6 -m pip install matplotlib
sudo apt-get install python3.6-tk
STEP 3--Install opencv 3.4.1:
sudo apt-get remove x264 libx264-dev
sudo apt-get install build-essential checkinstall cmake pkg-config yasm
sudo apt-get install git gfortran
sudo apt-get install libjpeg8-dev libjasper-dev libpng12-dev
sudo apt-get install libtiff5-dev
sudo apt-get install libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev libdc1394-22-dev
sudo apt-get install libxine2-dev libv4l-dev
sudo apt-get install libgstreamer0.10-dev libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-dev
sudo apt-get install qt5-default libgtk2.0-dev libtbb-dev
sudo apt-get install libatlas-base-dev
sudo apt-get install libfaac-dev libmp3lame-dev libtheora-dev
sudo apt-get install libvorbis-dev libxvidcore-dev
sudo apt-get install libopencore-amrnb-dev libopencore-amrwb-dev
sudo apt-get install x264 v4l-utils
sudo apt-get install libprotobuf-dev protobuf-compiler
sudo apt-get install libgoogle-glog-dev libgflags-dev
sudo apt-get install libgphoto2-dev libeigen3-dev libhdf5-dev doxygen
download opencv sourcefiles(不一定要在~目录下建文件)
cd ~
mkdir opencv-src
cd ~/opencv-src
wget https://github.com/opencv/opencv/archive/3.4.1.tar.gz -O opencv-3.4.1.tar.gz
tar -xzvf opencv-3.4.1.tar.gz
mv opencv-3.4.1 opencv
wget https://github.com/opencv/opencv_contrib/archive/3.4.1.tar.gz -O opencv_contrib-3.4.1.tar.gz
tar -xzvf opencv_contrib-3.4.1.tar.gz
mv opencv_contrib-3.4.1 opencv_contrib
complie and install files
注意：（1）编译可能缺少boostdesc_bgm.i等文件，出现“~/opencv_contrib/modules/xfeatures2d/src/boostdesc.cpp:673:20: fatal error: boostdesc_bgm.i: No such file or directory”的错误，可以直接下载：https://download.csdn.net/download/zz531987464/10733083 （转自 galaxyzwj ）然后放到opencv_contrib/modules/xfeatures2d/src/下
cd ~/opencv-src/opencv
mkdir build
cd build
cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local -D INSTALL_C_EXAMPLES=ON -D INSTALL_PYTHON_EXAMPLES=ON -D WITH_TBB=ON -D WITH_V4L=ON -D WITH_QT=ON -D WITH_OPENGL=ON -D OPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH=../../opencv_contrib/modules/ -D BUILD_EXAMPLES=ON -D PYTHON3_EXECUTABLE=/usr/bin/python3.6 -D PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIR=/usr/include/python3.6 -D PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIR2=/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/python3.6m -D PYTHON_LIBRARY=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.so -D PYTHON3_NUMPY_INCLUDE_DIRS=/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/numpy/core/include/ ..
make -j4
sudo make install
sudo sh -c 'echo "/usr/local/lib" >> /etc/ld.so.conf.d/opencv.conf'
sudo ldconfig
sudo ln -s /usr/local/python/cv2/python-3.6/cv2.cpython-36m-x86_64-linux-gnu.so /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/cv2.so
问题：
1. 遇到××××××.hpp无法找到文件opencv2/xfeatures2d/cuda.hpp
解决办法：
在opencv/modules/stitching/CMakeLists.txt文件中加入xfeatures2d/include的指定路径，即
INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES(“××××××[绝对路径]××××××/opencv_contrib/modules/xfeatures2d/include”)
重新编译即可
2. 报错：//#include "opencv2/xfeatures2d/nonfree.hpp"
修改为：(自己按自己目录来)
# include "D:\opencv_contrib-master\modules\xfeatures2d\include\opencv2\xfeatures2d\nonfree.hpp"
其他还有2出错误也是这样修改就好。