Python 70行代码实现简单算式计算器

描述:用户输入一系列算式字符串,程序返回计算结果。

要求:不使用eval、exec函数。

实现思路:找到当前字符串优先级最高的表达式,在算术运算中,()优先级最高,则取出算式最底层的(),再进行加减乘除运算。对于加减乘除,也要确立一个优先级,可以使用一个运算符列表,用for循环逐个处理运算符,并且要考虑同级情况(如for遍历至*时,也要考虑同级别的\是否要提前运算)。不断循环上述过程,直到最终得到一个结果。

关键点:使用re模块匹配出当前状态下优先级最高的算式。

result = re.search('\([^()]+\)',s)

实现代码:

import re
'''根据本逻辑,‘-’必须早于‘+’循环 否则特殊情况会报错
	原因是若出现符号--,会被处理为+,若+优先遍历,最后+将无法被处理'''
oper_char = ['^','*','/','-','+']
def format_str(s):
    '''除去空格和两边括号'''
    return s.replace(' ','').replace('(','').replace(')','')

def handle_symbol(s):
    '''处理多个运算符并列的情况'''
    return s.replace('+-','-').replace('--','+').replace('-+','-').replace('++','+')

def cal(x,y,opertor):
    '''加减乘除开方'''
    if opertor == '^':return x**y
    elif opertor == '*':return x*y
    elif opertor == '/':return x/y
    elif opertor == '+':return x+y
    elif opertor == '-':return x-y

def Bottom_operation(s):
    '''无括号运算  返回一个浮点数
		symbol用于判断返回值是正还是负'''
    symbol = 0
    s = handle_symbol(s)
    for c in oper_char:
        while c in s:
            id,char = (s.find(c),c)
            if c in ('*','/') and '*' in s and '/' in s:
                ids,idd = (s.find('*'),s.find('/'))
                id,char = (ids,'*') if ids <= idd else (idd,'/')
            if c in ('+','-') and '+' in s and '-' in s:
                ida,idd = (s.find('+'),s.find('-'))
                id,char = (ida,'+') if ida <= idd else (idd,'-')
            if id == -1:break
            left,right = ('','')
            for i in range(id - 1,-1,-1):
                if s[i] in oper_char:break
                left = s[i] + left
            for i in range(id + 1,len(s)):
			 if s[id+1] == '-':
			     right += s[i]
				continue
                if s[i] in oper_char:break
                right += s[i]
            if right == '' or left == '':
                if s[0] in ('-','+'):
                    if '+' not in s[1:] and '-' not in s[1:]:break
                    s = s[1:].replace('-','负').replace('+','-').replace('负','+')
                    symbol += 1
                    continue
                else:return '输入算式有误'
            old_str = left + char + right
            new_str = str(cal(float(left),float(right),char))
            s = handle_symbol(s.replace(old_str,new_str))
    return float(s) if symbol % 2 == 0 else -float(s)

def get_bottom(s):
    '''获取优先级最高的表达式'''
    res = re.search('\([^()]+\)',s)
    if res != None:return res.group()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    while True:
        s1 = input('请输入您要计算的表达式(支持加减乘除开方): ')
        while get_bottom(s1) != None:
            source = get_bottom(s1)
            result = Bottom_operation(format_str((source)))
            s1 = s1.replace(source,str(result))
        print(Bottom_operation(format_str(s1)))

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转载自www.cnblogs.com/lazyfish007/p/11434366.html