目录
1.libvirt介绍
Libvirt是用于管理虚拟化平台的开源的API，后台程序和管理工具。它可以用于管理KVM、Xen、VMware ESX，QEMU和其他虚拟化技术。网上有很多文章做介绍，这里就不详细介绍了。libvirt本身安装过程没有什么难度，主要在于原生的centos会自带一个版本的libvirt，同时，如果自行编译的版本在安装之前，没有把发行版自带的libvirt卸载干净，就会出现各种各样的错误。笔者工作较忙，时间比较仓促，排版可能不太好看，请见谅。
2.卸载系统自带的libvirt
2.1.查看当前安装的libvirt相关包
[root@localhost libvirt-2.0.0]# rpm -qa |grep libvirt2.2.全部卸载掉
由于目前笔者的环境已经是卸载干净的，因此，此处不做演示了
[root@localhost libvirt-2.0.0]# yum remove `rpm -qa |grep libvirt`3.使用tar包编译安装
3.1.解压缩
[root@localhost home]# tar xvf libvirt-2.0.0.tar.xz3.2.生成Makefile文件
注意：如果./configure不带任何参数，各种文件会被安装到诸如/usr/local，/var/local下面，这样和原生安装路径不一致，通常不要
这样安装1
./configure --prefix=/usr --localstatedir=/var --sysconfdir=/etc --enable-debug=yes $ make $ sudo make install3.3.错误处理
错误1：需要安装依赖关系：
configure: error: You must install the pciaccess module to build with udev
[root@localhost libvirt-2.0.0]# yum install libpciaccess-devel
configure: error: You must install the libyajl library & headers to compile libvirt
[root@localhost libvirt-2.0.0]# yum install yajl-devel
configure: error: You must install device-mapper-devel/libdevmapper >= 1.0.0 to compile libvirt
[root@localhost libvirt-2.0.0]# yum install device-mapper-devel
configure: error: xml2-config not found. Please check your libxml2 installation.
yum -y install libxml2-devel
configure: error: libnl-devel >= 1.1 is required for macvtap support
configure: error: You must install the pciaccess module to build with udev
[root@localhost libvirt-2.0.0]# yum install libpciaccess-devel
configure: error: You must install the libyajl library & headers to compile libvirt
[root@localhost libvirt-2.0.0]# yum install yajl-devel
configure: error: You must install device-mapper-devel/libdevmapper >= 1.0.0 to compile libvirt
[root@localhost libvirt-2.0.0]# yum install device-mapper-devel
configure: error: xml2-config not found. Please check your libxml2 installation.
yum -y install libxml2-devel错误2
没有卸载系统自带的，直接安装的新的，但是版本一样
#查看服务状态
[root@192 libvirt-2.0.0]# systemctl status libvirtd
● libvirtd.service - Virtualization daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/libvirtd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: inactive (dead) since Sun 2019-04-21 16:48:37 CST; 25s ago
Docs: man:libvirtd(8)
http://libvirt.org
Process: 79857 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/libvirtd $LIBVIRTD_ARGS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 79857 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
CGroup: /system.slice/libvirtd.service
├─2705 /sbin/dnsmasq --conf-file=/var/lib/libvirt/dnsmasq/default.conf --leasefile-ro --dhcp-script=/usr/libexec/libvirt_leaseshelper
└─2706 /sbin/dnsmasq --conf-file=/var/lib/libvirt/dnsmasq/default.conf --leasefile-ro --dhcp-script=/usr/libexec/libvirt_leaseshelper
Apr 21 16:48:36 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started Virtualization daemon.
Apr 21 16:48:36 localhost.localdomain libvirtd[79857]: libvirt version: 2.0.0, package: 10.el7 (CentOS BuildSystem <http://bugs.centos.org>, 2016-11-12-02:15:12, c...entos.org)
Apr 21 16:48:36 localhost.localdomain libvirtd[79857]: hostname: localhost.localdomain
Apr 21 16:48:36 localhost.localdomain libvirtd[79857]: operation failed: network 'default' already exists with uuid 0c2459eb-2797-4a07-93af-6fb5857a6831
Apr 21 16:48:37 localhost.localdomain dnsmasq[2705]: read /etc/hosts - 2 addresses
Apr 21 16:48:37 localhost.localdomain dnsmasq[2705]: read /var/lib/libvirt/dnsmasq/default.addnhosts - 0 addresses
Apr 21 16:48:37 localhost.localdomain dnsmasq-dhcp[2705]: read /var/lib/libvirt/dnsmasq/default.hostsfile
Apr 21 16:48:37 localhost.localdomain libvirtd[79857]: internal error: failed to initialize netcf
Apr 21 16:48:37 localhost.localdomain libvirtd[79857]: Initialization of netcf state driver failed: internal error: failed to initialize netcf
Apr 21 16:48:37 localhost.localdomain libvirtd[79857]: Driver state initialization failed
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.处理方式，杀死残余进程
[root@192 libvirt-2.0.0]# ps -ef|grep libvirt
nobody 2705 1 0 12:20 ? 00:00:00 /sbin/dnsmasq --conf-file=/var/lib/libvirt/dnsmasq/default.conf --leasefile-ro --dhcp-script=/usr/libexec/libvirt_leaseshelper
root 2706 2705 0 12:20 ? 00:00:00 /sbin/dnsmasq --conf-file=/var/lib/libvirt/dnsmasq/default.conf --leasefile-ro --dhcp-script=/usr/libexec/libvirt_leaseshelper
root 79999 3730 0 16:52 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto libvirt
[root@192 libvirt-2.0.0]# kill -9 2705
[root@192 libvirt-2.0.0]# ps -ef|grep libvirt
root 80016 3730 0 16:53 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto libvirtlibvirt可以正常工作，但是依然有报错
Apr 21 16:53:45 localhost.localdomain libvirtd[80026]: operation failed: network 'default' already exists with uuid 0c2459eb-2797-4a07-93af-6fb5857a6831查看libvirt网络配置
[root@192 libvirt-2.0.0]# virsh net-list --all
Name State Autostart Persistent
---------------------------------------------------
default active no no#查看网络的xml
[root@192 libvirt-2.0.0]# virsh net-dumpxml default
<network>
<name>default</name>
<uuid>0c2459eb-2797-4a07-93af-6fb5857a6831</uuid>
<forward mode='nat'>
<nat>
<port start='1024' end='65535'/>
</nat>
</forward>
<bridge name='virbr0' stp='on' delay='0'/>
<mac address='52:54:00:38:f8:e0'/>
<ip address='192.168.122.1' netmask='255.255.255.0'>
<dhcp>
<range start='192.168.122.2' end='192.168.122.254'/>
</dhcp>
</ip>
</network>#删除该net之后重启libvirt进程遇到新问题
Apr 21 19:18:52 localhost.localdomain libvirtd[82476]: Initialization of netcf state driver failed: internal error: failed to initialize netcf#关闭selinux之后，正常
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0#网络也重新生成了2
[root@localhost ~]# virsh net-list
Name State Autostart Persistent
----------------------------------------------------------
default active yes yes错误3
virsh: error while loading shared libraries: libvirt-lxc.so.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory这是因为动态库更新了，没有刷新，需要刷新一下
bash-4.2# ldconfig
bash-4.2# virsh --version
2.0.0错误4
[root@localhost libvirt-2.0.0]# virsh list
error: failed to connect to the hypervisor
error: no valid connection
error: Failed to connect socket to '/var/run/libvirt/libvirt-sock': No such file or directory这是因为进程没有启动
[root@localhost libvirt-2.0.0]# systemctl start libvirtd
[root@localhost libvirt-2.0.0]# systemctl status libvirtd
● libvirtd.service - Virtualization daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/libvirtd.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Wed 2019-05-15 10:28:31 EDT; 5s ago
Docs: man:libvirtd(8)
http://libvirt.org
Main PID: 81685 (libvirtd)
CGroup: /system.slice/libvirtd.service
├─81685 /usr/sbin/libvirtd
├─81825 /sbin/dnsmasq --conf-file=/var/lib/libvirt/dnsmasq/default.conf --leasefile-ro --dhcp-script=/usr/libexec/libvirt_leaseshe...
└─81826 /sbin/dnsmasq --conf-file=/var/lib/libvirt/dnsmasq/default.conf --leasefile-ro --dhcp-script=/usr/libexec/libvirt_leaseshe...
May 15 10:28:31 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started Virtualization daemon.
May 15 10:28:33 localhost.localdomain dnsmasq[81825]: started, version 2.76 cachesize 150
May 15 10:28:33 localhost.localdomain dnsmasq[81825]: compile time options: IPv6 GNU-getopt DBus no-i18n IDN DHCP DHCPv6 no-Lua TFTP no...notify
May 15 10:28:33 localhost.localdomain dnsmasq-dhcp[81825]: DHCP, IP range 192.168.122.2 -- 192.168.122.254, lease time 1h
May 15 10:28:33 localhost.localdomain dnsmasq-dhcp[81825]: DHCP, sockets bound exclusively to interface virbr0
May 15 10:28:33 localhost.localdomain dnsmasq[81825]: reading /etc/resolv.conf
May 15 10:28:33 localhost.localdomain dnsmasq[81825]: using nameserver 192.168.233.2#53
May 15 10:28:33 localhost.localdomain dnsmasq[81825]: read /etc/hosts - 2 addresses
May 15 10:28:33 localhost.localdomain dnsmasq[81825]: read /var/lib/libvirt/dnsmasq/default.addnhosts - 0 addresses
May 15 10:28:33 localhost.localdomain dnsmasq-dhcp[81825]: read /var/lib/libvirt/dnsmasq/default.hostsfile
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.4.使用src.rpm包安装
由于笔者实验环境不小心被破坏，为了以后再出问题可以更快的恢复编译环境，选择使用在chroot的jail里面搭建一个编译环境，方便备份和还原，但是使用这种方式， make完了之后，无法在宿主环境中make install，缺少很多东西，但是又不想在jail之外的环境安装过多的依赖包，否则就违背了初衷，因此，决定尝试用src.rpm包来编译安装（此处都是基于chroot环境在操作，普通环境操作方式一样，除了yum install的路径不同）
4.1.首先安装rpm包
bash-4.2# rpm -i libvirt-2.0.0-1.fc23.src.rpm
warning: libvirt-2.0.0-1.fc23.src.rpm: Header V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID de95bc1f: NOKEY
warning: user veillard does not exist - using root
warning: group veillard does not exist - using root
warning: user veillard does not exist - using root
warning: group veillard does not exist - using root4.2.进入rpmbuild目录执行spec文件
bash-4.2# cd /root/rpmbuild/
bash-4.2# ll
total 8
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Aug 11 06:52 SOURCES
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Aug 11 06:52 SPECS
bash-4.2# rpmbuild -bp S
SOURCES/ SPECS/
bash-4.2# rpmbuild -bp SPECS/libvirt.spec
error: Failed build dependencies:
xhtml1-dtds is needed by libvirt-2.0.0-1.el7.x86_64
libxslt is needed by libvirt-2.0.0-1.el7.x86_64
readline-devel is needed by libvirt-2.0.0-1.el7.x86_64
ncurses-devel is needed by libvirt-2.0.0-1.el7.x86_64
libtasn1-devel is needed by libvirt-2.0.0-1.el7.x86_64
gnutls-devel is needed by libvirt-2.0.0-1.el7.x86_64
libattr-devel is needed by libvirt-2.0.0-1.el7.x86_64
libblkid-devel >= 2.17 is needed by libvirt-2.0.0-1.el7.x86_64
augeas is needed by libvirt-2.0.0-1.el7.x86_64
sanlock-devel >= 2.4 is needed by libvirt-2.0.0-1.el7.x86_64
libpcap-devel is needed by libvirt-2.0.0-1.el7.x86_64
libnl3-devel is needed by libvirt-2.0.0-1.el7.x86_64
avahi-devel is needed by libvirt-2.0.0-1.el7.x86_64
dnsmasq >= 2.41 is needed by libvirt-2.0.0-1.el7.x86_64
radvd is needed by libvirt-2.0.0-1.el7.x86_64
ebtables is needed by libvirt-2.0.0-1.el7.x86_64
cyrus-sasl-devel is needed by libvirt-2.0.0-1.el7.x86_64
polkit-devel >= 0.112 is needed by libvirt-2.0.0-1.el7.x86_64
/usr/bin/qemu-img is needed by libvirt-2.0.0-1.el7.x86_64
iscsi-initiator-utils is needed by libvirt-2.0.0-1.el7.x86_64
parted-devel is needed by libvirt-2.0.0-1.el7.x86_64
librados2-devel is needed by libvirt-2.0.0-1.el7.x86_64
librbd1-devel is needed by libvirt-2.0.0-1.el7.x86_64
glusterfs-api-devel >= 3.4.1 is needed by libvirt-2.0.0-1.el7.x86_64
glusterfs-devel >= 3.4.1 is needed by libvirt-2.0.0-1.el7.x86_64
libcap-ng-devel >= 0.5.0 is needed by libvirt-2.0.0-1.el7.x86_64
fuse-devel >= 2.8.6 is needed by libvirt-2.0.0-1.el7.x86_64
netcf-devel >= 0.2.2 is needed by libvirt-2.0.0-1.el7.x86_64
libcurl-devel is needed by libvirt-2.0.0-1.el7.x86_64
audit-libs-devel is needed by libvirt-2.0.0-1.el7.x86_64
systemtap-sdt-devel is needed by libvirt-2.0.0-1.el7.x86_64
nfs-utils is needed by libvirt-2.0.0-1.el7.x86_64
dbus-devel is needed by libvirt-2.0.0-1.el7.x86_64
scrub is needed by libvirt-2.0.0-1.el7.x86_64
numad is needed by libvirt-2.0.0-1.el7.x86_644.3.逐一修复依赖关系
yum --installroot=/home/user3/jail install -y xhtml1-dtds
yum --installroot=/home/user3/jail install -y libxslt
yum --installroot=/home/user3/jail install -y readline-devel
yum --installroot=/home/user3/jail install -y libtasn1-devel
yum --installroot=/home/user3/jail install -y gnutls-devel
yum --installroot=/home/user3/jail install -y libattr-devel
yum --installroot=/home/user3/jail install -y libblkid-devel
yum --installroot=/home/user3/jail install -y augeas sanlock-devel sanlock
yum --installroot=/home/user3/jail install -y libpcap-devel
...最后再次尝试，
bash-4.2# rpmbuild -bp SPECS/libvirt.spec
error: Failed build dependencies:
/usr/bin/qemu-img is needed by libvirt-2.0.0-1.el7.x86_64只剩下这一个，安装了该文件也无法解决，原因未知，因此查阅资料3,得知，这个不重要，因此可以修改spec文件，注释掉这个。
# From QEMU RPMs
# BuildRequires: /usr/bin/qemu-img根据
./configure --prefix=/usr --localstatedir=/var --sysconfdir=/etc --enable-debug=yes在spec文件configure处增加--enable-debug
执行编译
bash-4.2# rpmbuild -bb SPECS/libvirt.spec如果成功，则会生成
bash-4.2# ll RPMS/x86_64/
total 21284
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2716 Aug 11 07:47 libvirt-2.0.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 4380632 Aug 11 07:47 libvirt-client-2.0.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 588380 Aug 11 07:47 libvirt-daemon-2.0.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3868 Aug 11 07:47 libvirt-daemon-config-network-2.0.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 6356 Aug 11 07:47 libvirt-daemon-config-nwfilter-2.0.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 47564 Aug 11 07:47 libvirt-daemon-driver-interface-2.0.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 669320 Aug 11 07:47 libvirt-daemon-driver-lxc-2.0.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 202876 Aug 11 07:47 libvirt-daemon-driver-network-2.0.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 46672 Aug 11 07:47 libvirt-daemon-driver-nodedev-2.0.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 71392 Aug 11 07:47 libvirt-daemon-driver-nwfilter-2.0.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 478708 Aug 11 07:47 libvirt-daemon-driver-qemu-2.0.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 36804 Aug 11 07:47 libvirt-daemon-driver-secret-2.0.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 233904 Aug 11 07:47 libvirt-daemon-driver-storage-2.0.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1984 Aug 11 07:47 libvirt-daemon-kvm-2.0.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1956 Aug 11 07:47 libvirt-daemon-lxc-2.0.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 10537260 Aug 11 07:47 libvirt-debuginfo-2.0.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 152084 Aug 11 07:47 libvirt-devel-2.0.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3781352 Aug 11 07:47 libvirt-docs-2.0.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 52048 Aug 11 07:47 libvirt-lock-sanlock-2.0.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 334884 Aug 11 07:47 libvirt-login-shell-2.0.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 123980 Aug 11 07:47 libvirt-nss-2.0.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm然后安装所有的rpm包
[root@localhost home]# rpm -i /home/user3/jail/root/rpmbuild/RPMS/x86_64/*可能会提示缺包，yum安装一下就行了
[root@localhost home]# yum install -y augeas sanlock-devel sanlock启动libvirtd进程
[root@localhost home]# systemctl start libvirtd
[root@localhost home]# virsh list
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
[root@localhost home]# virsh -v
2.0.0安装成功，查看libvirtd的路径
[root@localhost home]# ps -ef|grep libvirtd
root 16193 1 0 16:04 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/libvirtd
root 16407 21296 0 16:07 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto libvirtd经过测试，可以正常启动虚拟机
4.4.错误处理
错误1.无法启动虚拟机
[root@localhost user3]# virsh start vm_vbras_64
error: Failed to start domain vm_vbras_64
error: Failed to connect socket to '/var/run/libvirt/virtlogd-sock': Connection refused可能是因为重装之前有相关进程没杀掉，这个东西具体做什么的还没有研究
[root@localhost user3]# ll /var/run/libvirt/virtlogd-sock
srw-rw-rw-. 1 root root 0 Aug 11 11:57 /var/run/libvirt/virtlogd-sock
[root@localhost user3]# systemctl stop libvirtd
[root@localhost user3]# rm /var/run/libvirt/virtlogd-sock
rm: remove socket ‘/var/run/libvirt/virtlogd-sock’? y
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/sbin/virtlogd --daemon
[root@localhost user3]# systemctl start libvirtd再重新执行即可正常启动虚拟机
更新日期：20190911，长期更新维护...