2019-07-30
以下例举的是常用参数
ls
只显示文件、文件目录等名称，不显示其他信息。
[root@localhost opt]# ls
test1 test11 test13 test15 test2 test4 test6 test8
test10 test12 test14 test16 test3 test5 test7 test9
ls 目录 #显示某个目录内的文件、文件目录等名称
ls -a
查看当前目录所有文件（包含隐藏文件）
ls -a 目录 #某目录下的所有文件
[root@localhost var]# ls -a . adm crash empty gopher lib lock mail opt run tmp yp .. cache db games kerberos local log nis preserve spool .updated [root@localhost var]# ls -a /opt/test10/ . .. 1 12 jkl
ls -l
（参数是字母L的小写） 用来查看详细的文件信息
ls -l 目录 #目录内所有文件的详细信息，不加目录默认是当前目录
[root@localhost opt]# ls -l total 0 drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 36 Jul 29 21:22 test10 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jul 29 21:06 test12 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 29 21:05 test2 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 29 21:05 test4 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 29 21:05 test8 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 29 21:05 test9 [root@localhost opt]# ls -l test10 total 0 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 29 21:21 1 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jul 29 21:21 12 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Jul 29 21:22 jkl
第一个字符文件类型中：
d：目录文件
l：链接文件
b：块设备文件
c：字符设备文件
p：管道文件
-: 表示普通文件
ls -S
按文件大-->小排序
ls -rS
按文件小-->大排序
（-S一般搭配 -l参数，即 -lS）
[root@localhost var]# ls -lS total 8 drwxr-xr-x. 24 root root 4096 May 12 23:15 lib drwxr-xr-x. 7 root root 4096 Jul 29 20:56 log drwxr-xr-x. 8 root root 87 May 12 23:14 spool drwxrwxrwt. 3 root root 85 Jul 29 21:03 tmp drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 44 May 12 23:14 cache drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 34 Jul 29 21:00 db drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 18 May 12 23:14 empty drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 18 Jan 29 12:32 kerberos lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 11 May 12 23:11 lock -> ../run/lock lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 May 12 23:11 mail -> spool/mail drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 adm drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 preserve lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 6 May 12 23:11 run -> ../run drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 yp [root@localhost var]# ls -lrS total 8 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 yp lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 6 May 12 23:11 run -> ../run drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 preserve drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 adm lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 May 12 23:11 mail -> spool/mail lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 11 May 12 23:11 lock -> ../run/lock drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 18 Jan 29 12:32 kerberos drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 18 May 12 23:14 empty drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 34 Jul 29 21:00 db drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 44 May 12 23:14 cache drwxrwxrwt. 3 root root 85 Jul 29 21:03 tmp drwxr-xr-x. 8 root root 87 May 12 23:14 spool drwxr-xr-x. 7 root root 4096 Jul 29 20:56 log drwxr-xr-x. 24 root root 4096 May 12 23:15 lib
ls -t
按时间近-->远排序
ls -tr
按时间远-->近排序
（一般与参数-l同时使用）
[root@localhost var]# ls -lt total 8 drwxrwxrwt. 3 root root 85 Jul 29 21:03 tmp drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 34 Jul 29 21:00 db drwxr-xr-x. 7 root root 4096 Jul 29 20:56 log drwxr-xr-x. 24 root root 4096 May 12 23:15 lib drwxr-xr-x. 8 root root 87 May 12 23:14 spool drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 18 May 12 23:14 empty drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 44 May 12 23:14 cache lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 May 12 23:11 mail -> spool/mail lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 11 May 12 23:11 lock -> ../run/lock lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 6 May 12 23:11 run -> ../run drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 24 10:03 crash drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 18 Jan 29 12:32 kerberos drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 adm drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 games drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 gopher drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 local drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 nis drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 opt drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 preserve drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 yp [root@localhost var]# ls -ltr total 8 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 yp drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 preserve drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 opt drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 nis drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 local drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 gopher drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 games drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 adm drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 18 Jan 29 12:32 kerberos drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 24 10:03 crash lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 6 May 12 23:11 run -> ../run lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 11 May 12 23:11 lock -> ../run/lock lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 May 12 23:11 mail -> spool/mail drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 44 May 12 23:14 cache drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 18 May 12 23:14 empty drwxr-xr-x. 8 root root 87 May 12 23:14 spool drwxr-xr-x. 24 root root 4096 May 12 23:15 lib drwxr-xr-x. 7 root root 4096 Jul 29 20:56 log drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 34 Jul 29 21:00 db drwxrwxrwt. 3 root root 85 Jul 29 21:03 tmp
ls -h
超过1000字节的文件以K为单位显示，一般-l同时使用
[root@localhost var]# ls -lh total 8.0K drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 adm drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 44 May 12 23:14 cache drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 24 10:03 crash drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 34 Jul 29 21:00 db drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 18 May 12 23:14 empty drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 games drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 gopher drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 18 Jan 29 12:32 kerberos drwxr-xr-x. 24 root root 4.0K May 12 23:15 lib drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 local lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 11 May 12 23:11 lock -> ../run/lock drwxr-xr-x. 7 root root 4.0K Jul 29 20:56 log lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 May 12 23:11 mail -> spool/mail drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 nis drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 opt drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 preserve lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 6 May 12 23:11 run -> ../run drwxr-xr-x. 8 root root 87 May 12 23:14 spool drwxrwxrwt. 3 root root 85 Jul 29 21:03 tmp drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Apr 11 2018 yp