SQLite数据库简介和使用

一、Sqlite简介: 

  SQLite (http://www.sqlite.org/),是一款轻型的数据库,是遵守ACID的关联式数据库管理系统,它的设计目标是嵌入式的,而且目前已经在很多嵌入式产品中使用了它,它占用资源非常的低,在嵌入式设备中,可能只需要几百K的内存就够了。它能够支持Windows/Linux/Unix等等主流的操作系统,同时能够跟很多程序语言相结合,比如 TclC#PHPJava等,还有ODBC接口,同样比起MysqlPostgreSQL这两款开源世界著名的数据库管理系统来讲,它的处理速度比他们都快。SQLite第一个Alpha版本诞生于20005. 至今已经有10个年头,SQLite也迎来了一个版本 SQLite 3已经发布。

二、Sqlite作者赠言:
  o May you do good and not evil. 愿你行善莫行恶 
  o May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others. 愿你原谅自己宽恕他人 
  o May you share freely, never taking more than you give. 愿你宽心与人分享,所取不多于你所施予

三、Sqlite的命令:
  sqlite3 too.db 创建名为too的数据库,其后缀不一定用db
  .Help 求助 
  .quit 离开

四、Sqlite的客户端工具:

  SQLiteExpertPers

六、Sqlitesql语句:

建表:create table table_name(field1, field2, field3, ...); 
  例子:创建名为film的数据库表
    create table film(_id Integer primaray key autoincrement , title, length, year, starring); 

注意:语句要以分号结尾,字段不用指定类型,它会适时的自动转换
    可以存储文字、数字、大文本(blub)

创建索引:create index index_name on table_name(field_to_be_indexed);
  例子:针对表filmtitle字段创建名为film_title_index的索引
    create index film_title_index on film(title);
  注意:当表的数据较多时,索引能加快查询速度(前提是根据建有索引的字段查询)

添加数据:insert into table_name(field1,field2,field3,...) values(data1, data2, data3, ...);
  例子:向表film中添加一条记录
    insert into film(title, length, year, starring) values('Contact',153,1997,'Jodie Foster');
  注意:可以省略语句中的字段名部分,前提是数据个数与字段个数一样
    如果某个字段没有添加值则其值为null,也可手动添加null

查询数据:select columns from table_name where expression;
  例子:从表film中查询数据
    1 显示表里所有字段的所有数据 
      select * from film; 
    2 如果资料太多了,我们或许会想限制笔数: 
      select * from film limit 10; 
    3 照着电影年份来排列: 
      select * from film order by year limit 10; 
    4 年份比较近的电影先列出来: 
      select * from film order by year desc limit 10; 
    5 我们只想看电影名称跟年份: 
      select title, year from film order by year desc limit 10; 
    6 查所有茱蒂佛斯特演过的电影: 
      select * from film where starring='Jodie Foster'; 
    7 查所有演员名字开头叫茱蒂的电影('%' 符号便是 SQL 的万用字符): 
      select * from film where starring like 'Jodie%'; 
    8 查所有演员名字以茱蒂开头、年份晚于1985年、年份晚的优先列出、最多十笔,只列出电影名称和年份: 
      select title, year from film where starring like 'Jodie%' and year >= 1985 
      order by year desc limit 10; 
    9 查看数据库一共有多少条记录: 
      select count(*) from film; 
    10 查看1985年以后的电影有几部: 
      select count(*) from film where year >= 1985;

更新数据:update film set starring='Jodie Foster' where starring='Jodee Foster'; 
  把主角字段为'Jodee Foster'的所有记录改成Jodie Foster

删除数据:delete from film where year < 1970; 
  删除所有年代早于1970 年(不含)的电影记录

注释:注释单行:--
  注释多行:/* */

创建视图:CREATE VIEW view-name AS select-statement

模糊匹配:like %

sqlite日间日期函数:
  datetime() 产生日期和时间
  date() 产生日期
  time() 产生时间
  strftime() 对以上三个函数产生的日期和时间格式化
  可用的字符串参数:
  now 产生现在的时间
  YYYY-MM-DD
  YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM
  YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS
  YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS.SSS
  HH:MM
  HH:MM:SS
  HH:MM:SS.SSS
  例子:
    select datetime('now');
    select datetime('2011-06-12');
    select datetime('2006-10-17 00:20:00','+1 hour','-12 minute');
    select date('2006-10-17','+1 day','+1 year');
    select datetime('now', 'localtime');

--修改表结构
  --添加一个字段 
    alter table film add column director2; 
  --删除一个字段 不行
    alter table film drop (column director2);

  --删除一个表

    drop table test;

sqlite的特别用法 
  sqlite可以在shell底下直接执行命令: 
    输出 HTML 表格: sqlite3 -html film.db "select * from film;" 
    将数据库「倒出来」: sqlite3 film.db ".dump" > output.sql 
    利用输出的资料,建立一个一模一样的数据库(加上以上指令,就是标准的SQL数据库备份了): 
    sqlite3 film.db < output.sql 
    在大量插入资料时,你可能会需要先打这个指令: begin; 
    插入完资料后要记得打这个指令,资料才会写进数据库中: commit;

七、练习:
  --创建雇员表
    CREATE TABLE EMPLOYEES(
      employee_id Integer PRIMARY KEY, 
      department_id Integer, 
      location_id Integer, 
      first_name, 
      last_name, 
      salary,
      hire_date date 
    );
  --创建部门表
    CREATE TABLE DEPARTMENT(
      department_id Integer primary key, 
      name
    );
  创建职位表
    CREATE TABLE LOCATION (
      location_id Integer PRIMARY KEY, 
      name
    );

  添加测试数据
    insert into [employees](department_id,location_id , first_name, last_name, salary,hire_date)
      values (1,1, 'A', 'z', 50000, '2005-02-21'); 
    insert into [employees](department_id,location_id, first_name, last_name, salary,hire_date)
      values (1,2, 'B', 'x', 20000, '2009-03-21'); 
    insert into [employees](department_id,location_id , first_name, last_name, salary,hire_date)
      values (2,3, 'C', 'v', 10000, '2009-08-23'); 
    insert into [employees](department_id,location_id, first_name, last_name, salary,hire_date)
      values (4,2, 'D', 'n', 30000, '2004-09-28'); 
    insert into [employees](department_id,location_id, first_name, last_name, salary,hire_date)
      values (3,5, 'E', 'm', 3000, '2009-04-11'); 
    insert into [employees](department_id,location_id, first_name, last_name, salary,hire_date)
      values (5,5, 'F', 'l', 5000, '2008-03-11'); 
    insert into [employees](department_id,location_id, first_name, last_name, salary,hire_date)
      values (5,3, 'G', 'p', 20000, '2005-05-09'); 
    insert into [employees](department_id,location_id, first_name, last_name, salary,hire_date)
      values (5,4, 'H', 'o', 8000, '2006-07-21'); 
    insert into [employees](department_id,location_id, first_name, last_name, salary,hire_date)
      values (5,5, 'I', 'u', 6000, '2006-09-21'); 
    insert into [employees](department_id,location_id, first_name, last_name, salary,hire_date)
      values (5,5, 'J', 'y', 5500, '2007-08-21'); 
    insert into [employees](department_id,location_id, first_name, last_name, salary,hire_date)
      values (5,5, 'K', 't', 6500, '2006-12-21'); 
    insert into [employees](department_id,location_id, first_name, last_name, salary,hire_date)
      values (5,1, 'L', 'r', 100000, '2001-05-21'); 

    insert into department(name) values ('人事');
    insert into department(name) values ('财务');
    insert into department(name) values ('后勤');
    insert into department(name) values ('公关');
    insert into department(name) values ('研发');

    insert into location(name) values ('总经理');
    insert into location(name) values ('经理');
    insert into location(name) values ('主管');
    insert into location(name) values ('组长');
    insert into location(name) values ('职员');

  --查研发部的职员的员工信息
    select * from employees e where e.location_id =(select l.location_id from location l where l.name='职员')
    and
    e.[department_id]=(select d.department_id from department d where d.name='研发');

  --根据查询结果创建一个表
    create table TEMP_EMPLOYEES AS select employee_id, first_name, last_name from EMPLOYEES where salary>6000;

  --查询可以进行计算
    select salary*13 年薪 from employees where 年薪 !=260000;
    select salary*13 年薪 from employees where 年薪 between 50000 and 100000;
  --first_name A, B, C的职员信息
    select * from employees where first_name in ('A', 'B', 'C');

  --测试is null
    select * from film where title is null;

  --查询月薪大于10000的主管
    select * from employees where salary>10000 and location_id=3;

  --查询月薪大于10000的主管或者理解
    select * from employees where salary>10000 and (location_id=3 or location_id=2);
    select * from employees where salary>10000 and location_id not in(4,5,1);

  --测试order by
    select * from employees order by location_id,salary;

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转载自www.cnblogs.com/zhaye/p/10923046.html
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