Mac下多版本pip共存

来自于官方的解释, pip是python包管理工具, 该工具提供了对python包的查找, 下载, 安装, 卸载等功能
python第三方工具包多数依赖于pip进行安装, 如 Robot Framework, DB connect, Requests等.
python3.x+ 以上版本默认都自带pip工具.

一. Mac os 是自带python
默认安装python2.7

查看python版本:
louie-mac:~ louiezhou$ python2 -V
Python 2.7.11rc1

备注: 这里使用了python2 是因为安装了python2.x和 python3.x 两个版本共存

查看python安装位置:
louie-mac:~ louiezhou$ which python2
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin/python2

那Python2.7 下如何安装pip呢?
$ sudo easy_install pip #使用该command line 即可轻松安装

查看pip 安装版本:
louie-mac:~ louiezhou$ pip2 -V
pip 19.1 from /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip (python 2.7)

查看pip下具体安装的工具包:
louie-mac:~ louiezhou$ pip2 list
DEPRECATION: Python 2.7 will reach the end of its life on January 1st, 2020. Please upgrade your Python as Python 2.7 won't be maintained after that date. A future version of pip will drop support for Python 2.7.
Package Version
-------------------------------------- ---------
altgraph 0.10.2
aniso8601 1.0.0
apipkg 1.4
Appium-Python-Client 0.21
asn1crypto 0.24.0
attrs 17.4.0
Automat 0.6.0
......

二. python3 和pip3
在python3里 pip是自带的无需安装, 也就是安装了python3 就会有pip工具包, 让我们来试下

python3 安装包官网https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-371/
我是Mac os 选择的是macOS 64-bit installer, 下载后安装即可

安装完成后再来看下python3 版本:
louie-mac:~ louiezhou$ python3 -V
Python 3.3.5

查看安装路径:
louie-mac:~ louiezhou$ which python3
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.3/bin/python3

查看pip3 版本:
louie-mac:~ louiezhou$ pip3 -V
pip 19.0.3 from /usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip (python 3.7)

查看pip3 安装路径:
louie-mac:~ louiezhou$ which pip3
/usr/local/bin/pip3

你会发现pip2 和 pip3 版本和路径已经完全不同了

正常情况下提示:python2 command not found, 推荐将路径增加到PATH中:
#python Set
# Setting PATH for Python 2.7
# The original version is saved in .bash_profile.pysave
export PATH="/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin:${PATH}"

# Setting PATH for Python 3.3
# The original version is saved in .bash_profile.pysave
export PATH="/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.3/bin:${PATH}"

用pip3来安装一个工具包试试:
louie-mac:site-packages louiezhou$ pip3 install pymysql
Collecting pymysql
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ed/39/15045ae46f2a123019aa968dfcba0396c161c20f855f11dea6796bcaae95/PyMySQL-0.9.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (47kB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 51kB 418kB/s
Installing collected packages: pymysql
Successfully installed pymysql-0.9.3

查看是否安装成功:
louie-mac:site-packages louiezhou$ pip3 list
Package Version
---------- -------
numpy 1.16.4
pip 19.0.3
PyMySQL 0.9.3
setuptools 40.8.0
wheel 0.33.1

导入包看是否会报错:
louie-mac:site-packages louiezhou$ python3
Python 3.3.5 (v3.3.5:62cf4e77f785, Mar 9 2014, 01:12:57)
[GCC 4.2.1 (Apple Inc. build 5666) (dot 3)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import pymysql
>>>

以上没有报错信息.

获取帮助
pip --help

升级 pip
pip install -U pip

如果这个升级命令出现问题，可以使用以下命令：
sudo easy_install --upgrade pip

卸载包
pip uninstall Django==1.7

查看可升级的包
pip list -o

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