一、redis4.0.8 在Docker下安装部署
How to use this image
start a redis instance
$ docker run --name some-redis -d redisstart with persistent storage
$ docker run --name some-redis -d redis redis-server --appendonly yesIf persistence is enabled, data is stored in the VOLUME /data, which can be used with --volumes-from some-volume-container or -v /docker/host/dir:/data (see docs.docker volumes).
For more about Redis Persistence, see http://redis.io/topics/persistence.
connecting via redis-cli
$ docker run -it --network some-network --rm redis redis-cli -h some-redisAdditionally, If you want to use your own redis.conf ...
You can create your own Dockerfile that adds a redis.conf from the context into /data/, like so.
FROM redis
COPY redis.conf /usr/local/etc/redis/redis.conf
CMD [ "redis-server", "/usr/local/etc/redis/redis.conf" ]Alternatively, you can specify something along the same lines with docker run options.
$ docker run -v /myredis/conf/redis.conf:/usr/local/etc/redis/redis.conf --name myredis redis redis-server /usr/local/etc/redis/redis.confWhere /myredis/conf/ is a local directory containing your redis.conf file. Using this method means that there is no need for you to have a Dockerfile for your redis container.
二、redis4.0.8 在Linux下安装部署
1.获取redis资源
wget http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-4.0.8.tar.gz
2.解压
tar xzvf redis-4.0.8.tar.gz
3.安装
cd redis-4.0.8
make
cd src
make install PREFIX=/usr/local/redis
4.移动配置文件到安装目录下
cd ../
mkdir /usr/local/redis/etc
mv redis.conf /usr/local/redis/etc
5.配置redis为后台启动
vi /usr/local/redis/etc/redis.conf //将daemonize no 改成daemonize yes
6.将redis加入到开机启动
vi /etc/rc.local //在里面添加内容：/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-server /usr/local/redis/etc/redis.conf (意思就是开机调用这段开启redis的命令)
7.开启redis
/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-server /usr/local/redis/etc/redis.conf
常用命令
redis-server /usr/local/redis/etc/redis.conf //启动redis
pkill redis //停止redis
卸载redis：
rm -rf /usr/local/redis //删除安装目录
rm -rf /usr/bin/redis-* //删除所有redis相关命令脚本
rm -rf /usr/local/src/redis-4.0.8 //删除redis解压文件夹三、 Window64位 下载、安装、配置
下载
Window 下载地址：https://github.com/MSOpenTech/redis/releases
官方网站：http://redis.io/
官方下载：http://redis.io/download 可以根据需要下载不同版本
安装
1、打开 cmd 窗口 ，使用cd命令，进入redis目录到 C:\redis 运行 redis-server.exe，启动服务。
2、这时候另启一个cmd窗口，进入redis目录下运行 redis-cli.exe -h 127.0.0.1 -p 6379 。
设置键值对 set oneKey test
取出键值对 get oneKey
配置
4.Java开发包Jedis
Jedis ：http://www.oschina.net/p/jedis （Redis的官方首选Java开发包）
<!--Redis -->
<dependency>
<groupId>redis.clients</groupId>
<artifactId>jedis</artifactId>
<version>2.0.0</version>
<type>jar</type>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import redis.clients.jedis.Jedis;
import redis.clients.jedis.JedisPool;
import redis.clients.jedis.JedisPoolConfig;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* Created by lujianing on 14-2-28.
*/
public class JedisUtilTest {
JedisPool pool;
Jedis jedis;
@Before
public void setUp() {
pool = new JedisPool(new JedisPoolConfig(), "192.168.10.61");
jedis = pool.getResource();
// jedis.auth("password");
}
@Test
public void testGet() {
System.out.println(jedis.get("lu"));
}
/**
* Redis存储初级的字符串
* CRUD
*/
@Test
public void testBasicString() {
//-----添加数据----------
jedis.set("name", "minxr");//向key-->name中放入了value-->minxr
System.out.println(jedis.get("name"));//执行结果：minxr
//-----修改数据-----------
//1、在原来基础上修改
jedis.append("name", "jarorwar"); //很直观，类似map 将jarorwar append到已经有的value之后
System.out.println(jedis.get("name"));//执行结果:minxrjarorwar
//2、直接覆盖原来的数据
jedis.set("name", "闵晓荣");
System.out.println(jedis.get("name"));//执行结果：闵晓荣
//删除key对应的记录
jedis.del("name");
System.out.println(jedis.get("name"));//执行结果：null
/**
* mset相当于
* jedis.set("name","minxr");
* jedis.set("jarorwar","闵晓荣");
*/
jedis.mset("name", "minxr", "jarorwar", "闵晓荣");
System.out.println(jedis.mget("name", "jarorwar"));
}
/**
* jedis操作Map
*/
@Test
public void testMap() {
Map<String, String> user = new HashMap<String, String>();
user.put("name", "minxr");
user.put("pwd", "password");
jedis.hmset("user", user);
//取出user中的name，执行结果:[minxr]-->注意结果是一个泛型的List
//第一个参数是存入redis中map对象的key，后面跟的是放入map中的对象的key，后面的key可以跟多个，是可变参数
List<String> rsmap = jedis.hmget("user", "name");
System.out.println(rsmap);
//删除map中的某个键值
// jedis.hdel("user","pwd");
System.out.println(jedis.hmget("user", "pwd")); //因为删除了，所以返回的是null
System.out.println(jedis.hlen("user")); //返回key为user的键中存放的值的个数1
System.out.println(jedis.exists("user"));//是否存在key为user的记录 返回true
System.out.println(jedis.hkeys("user"));//返回map对象中的所有key [pwd, name]
System.out.println(jedis.hvals("user"));//返回map对象中的所有value [minxr, password]
Iterator<String> iter = jedis.hkeys("user").iterator();
while (iter.hasNext()) {
String key = iter.next();
System.out.println(key + ":" + jedis.hmget("user", key));
}
}
/**
* jedis操作List
*/
@Test
public void testList() {
//开始前，先移除所有的内容
jedis.del("java framework");
System.out.println(jedis.lrange("java framework", 0, -1));
//先向key java framework中存放三条数据
jedis.lpush("java framework", "spring");
jedis.lpush("java framework", "struts");
jedis.lpush("java framework", "hibernate");
//再取出所有数据jedis.lrange是按范围取出，
// 第一个是key，第二个是起始位置，第三个是结束位置，jedis.llen获取长度 -1表示取得所有
System.out.println(jedis.lrange("java framework", 0, -1));
}
/**
* jedis操作Set
*/
@Test
public void testSet() {
//添加
jedis.sadd("sname", "minxr");
jedis.sadd("sname", "jarorwar");
jedis.sadd("sname", "闵晓荣");
jedis.sadd("sanme", "noname");
//移除noname
jedis.srem("sname", "noname");
System.out.println(jedis.smembers("sname"));//获取所有加入的value
System.out.println(jedis.sismember("sname", "minxr"));//判断 minxr 是否是sname集合的元素
System.out.println(jedis.srandmember("sname"));
System.out.println(jedis.scard("sname"));//返回集合的元素个数
}
@Test
public void test() throws InterruptedException {
//keys中传入的可以用通配符
System.out.println(jedis.keys("*")); //返回当前库中所有的key [sose, sanme, name, jarorwar, foo, sname, java framework, user, braand]
System.out.println(jedis.keys("*name"));//返回的sname [sname, name]
System.out.println(jedis.del("sanmdde"));//删除key为sanmdde的对象 删除成功返回1 删除失败（或者不存在）返回 0
System.out.println(jedis.ttl("sname"));//返回给定key的有效时间，如果是-1则表示永远有效
jedis.setex("timekey", 10, "min");//通过此方法，可以指定key的存活（有效时间） 时间为秒
Thread.sleep(5000);//睡眠5秒后，剩余时间将为<=5
System.out.println(jedis.ttl("timekey")); //输出结果为5
jedis.setex("timekey", 1, "min"); //设为1后，下面再看剩余时间就是1了
System.out.println(jedis.ttl("timekey")); //输出结果为1
System.out.println(jedis.exists("key"));//检查key是否存在 System.out.println(jedis.rename("timekey","time"));
System.out.println(jedis.get("timekey"));//因为移除，返回为null
System.out.println(jedis.get("time")); //因为将timekey 重命名为time 所以可以取得值 min
//jedis 排序
//注意，此处的rpush和lpush是List的操作。是一个双向链表（但从表现来看的）
jedis.del("a");//先清除数据，再加入数据进行测试
jedis.rpush("a", "1");
jedis.lpush("a", "6");
jedis.lpush("a", "3");
jedis.lpush("a", "9");
System.out.println(jedis.lrange("a", 0, -1));// [9, 3, 6, 1]
System.out.println(jedis.sort("a")); //[1, 3, 6, 9] //输入排序后结果
System.out.println(jedis.lrange("a", 0, -1));
}
}参考http://www.runoob.com/redis/redis-conf.html
redis.conf 配置说明（）：
1. Redis默认不是以守护进程的方式运行，可以通过该配置项修改，使用yes启用守护进程
daemonize no
2. 当Redis以守护进程方式运行时，Redis默认会把pid写入/var/run/redis.pid文件，可以通过pidfile指定
pidfile /var/run/redis.pid
3. 指定Redis监听端口，默认端口为6379，作者在自己的一篇博文中解释了为什么选用6379作为默认端口，因为6379在手机按键上MERZ对应的号码，而MERZ取自意大利歌女Alessia Merz的名字
port 6379
4. 绑定的主机地址
bind 127.0.0.1
5.当 客户端闲置多长时间后关闭连接，如果指定为0，表示关闭该功能
timeout 300
6. 指定日志记录级别，Redis总共支持四个级别：debug、verbose、notice、warning，默认为verbose
loglevel verbose
7. 日志记录方式，默认为标准输出，如果配置Redis为守护进程方式运行，而这里又配置为日志记录方式为标准输出，则日志将会发送给/dev/null
logfile stdout
8. 设置数据库的数量，默认数据库为0，可以使用SELECT <dbid>命令在连接上指定数据库id
databases 16
9. 指定在多长时间内，有多少次更新操作，就将数据同步到数据文件，可以多个条件配合
save <seconds> <changes>
Redis默认配置文件中提供了三个条件：
save 900 1
save 300 10
save 60 10000
分别表示900秒（15分钟）内有1个更改，300秒（5分钟）内有10个更改以及60秒内有10000个更改。
10. 指定存储至本地数据库时是否压缩数据，默认为yes，Redis采用LZF压缩，如果为了节省CPU时间，可以关闭该选项，但会导致数据库文件变的巨大
rdbcompression yes
11. 指定本地数据库文件名，默认值为dump.rdb
dbfilename dump.rdb
12. 指定本地数据库存放目录
dir ./
13. 设置当本机为slav服务时，设置master服务的IP地址及端口，在Redis启动时，它会自动从master进行数据同步
slaveof <masterip> <masterport>
14. 当master服务设置了密码保护时，slav服务连接master的密码
masterauth <master-password>
15. 设置Redis连接密码，如果配置了连接密码，客户端在连接Redis时需要通过AUTH <password>命令提供密码，默认关闭
requirepass foobared
16. 设置同一时间最大客户端连接数，默认无限制，Redis可以同时打开的客户端连接数为Redis进程可以打开的最大文件描述符数，如果设置 maxclients 0，表示不作限制。当客户端连接数到达限制时，Redis会关闭新的连接并向客户端返回max number of clients reached错误信息
maxclients 128
17. 指定Redis最大内存限制，Redis在启动时会把数据加载到内存中，达到最大内存后，Redis会先尝试清除已到期或即将到期的Key，当此方法处理 后，仍然到达最大内存设置，将无法再进行写入操作，但仍然可以进行读取操作。Redis新的vm机制，会把Key存放内存，Value会存放在swap区
maxmemory <bytes>
18. 指定是否在每次更新操作后进行日志记录，Redis在默认情况下是异步的把数据写入磁盘，如果不开启，可能会在断电时导致一段时间内的数据丢失。因为 redis本身同步数据文件是按上面save条件来同步的，所以有的数据会在一段时间内只存在于内存中。默认为no
appendonly no
19. 指定更新日志文件名，默认为appendonly.aof
appendfilename appendonly.aof
20. 指定更新日志条件，共有3个可选值：
no：表示等操作系统进行数据缓存同步到磁盘（快）
always：表示每次更新操作后手动调用fsync()将数据写到磁盘（慢，安全）
everysec：表示每秒同步一次（折衷，默认值）
appendfsync everysec
21. 指定是否启用虚拟内存机制，默认值为no，简单的介绍一下，VM机制将数据分页存放，由Redis将访问量较少的页即冷数据swap到磁盘上，访问多的页面由磁盘自动换出到内存中（在后面的文章我会仔细分析Redis的VM机制）
vm-enabled no
22. 虚拟内存文件路径，默认值为/tmp/redis.swap，不可多个Redis实例共享
vm-swap-file /tmp/redis.swap
23. 将所有大于vm-max-memory的数据存入虚拟内存,无论vm-max-memory设置多小,所有索引数据都是内存存储的(Redis的索引数据 就是keys),也就是说,当vm-max-memory设置为0的时候,其实是所有value都存在于磁盘。默认值为0
vm-max-memory 0
24. Redis swap文件分成了很多的page，一个对象可以保存在多个page上面，但一个page上不能被多个对象共享，vm-page-size是要根据存储的 数据大小来设定的，作者建议如果存储很多小对象，page大小最好设置为32或者64bytes；如果存储很大大对象，则可以使用更大的page，如果不 确定，就使用默认值
vm-page-size 32
25. 设置swap文件中的page数量，由于页表（一种表示页面空闲或使用的bitmap）是在放在内存中的，，在磁盘上每8个pages将消耗1byte的内存。
vm-pages 134217728
26. 设置访问swap文件的线程数,最好不要超过机器的核数,如果设置为0,那么所有对swap文件的操作都是串行的，可能会造成比较长时间的延迟。默认值为4
vm-max-threads 4
27. 设置在向客户端应答时，是否把较小的包合并为一个包发送，默认为开启
glueoutputbuf yes
28. 指定在超过一定的数量或者最大的元素超过某一临界值时，采用一种特殊的哈希算法
hash-max-zipmap-entries 64
hash-max-zipmap-value 512
29. 指定是否激活重置哈希，默认为开启（后面在介绍Redis的哈希算法时具体介绍）
activerehashing yes
30. 指定包含其它的配置文件，可以在同一主机上多个Redis实例之间使用同一份配置文件，而同时各个实例又拥有自己的特定配置文件
include /path/to/local.conf
redis-4.0.8 配置文件解读
# Redis configuration file example.
#
# Note that in order to read the configuration file, Redis must be
# started with the file path as first argument:
#
# ./redis-server /path/to/redis.conf
# Note on units: when memory size is needed, it is possible to specify
# it in the usual form of 1k 5GB 4M and so forth:
#
# 1k => 1000 bytes
# 1kb => 1024 bytes
# 1m => 1000000 bytes
# 1mb => 1024*1024 bytes
# 1g => 1000000000 bytes
# 1gb => 1024*1024*1024 bytes
#
# units are case insensitive so 1GB 1Gb 1gB are all the same.
################################## INCLUDES #################################
# Include one or more other config files here. This is useful if you
# have a standard template that goes to all Redis servers but also need
# to customize a few per-server settings. Include files can include
# other files, so use this wisely.
#
# Notice option "include" won't be rewritten by command "CONFIG REWRITE"
# from admin or Redis Sentinel. Since Redis always uses the last processed
# line as value of a configuration directive, you'd better put includes
# at the beginning of this file to avoid overwriting config change at runtime.
#
# If instead you are interested in using includes to override configuration
# options, it is better to use include as the last line.
# 在这里包括一个或多个配置文件。这很有用#有一个标准的模板，适用于所有Redis服务器，
#但也需要为每个服务器定制一些设置。包含文件可以包括#其他文件，所以要明智地使用它。
#通知选项“include”不会被命令“CONFIG REWRITE”重写,来自admin或Redis Sentinel。
#因为Redis总是使用最后处理过的作为配置指令的值，你最好输入include在此文件的开头
#以避免在运行时覆盖配置更改。
#如果您感兴趣的是使用include覆盖配置,options最好使用include作为最后一行。
# include /path/to/local.conf
# include /path/to/other.conf
################################## MODULES #####################################
# Load modules at startup. If the server is not able to load modules
# it will abort. It is possible to use multiple loadmodule directives.
# 在启动时加载模块。如果服务器不能加载模块#将中止。可以使用多个loadmodule指令。
# loadmodule /path/to/my_module.so
# loadmodule /path/to/other_module.so
################################## NETWORK #####################################
# By default, if no "bind" configuration directive is specified, Redis listens
# for connections from all the network interfaces available on the server.
# It is possible to listen to just one or multiple selected interfaces using
# the "bind" configuration directive, followed by one or more IP addresses.
#
# 默认情况下，redis 在 server 上所有有效的网络接口上监听客户端连接。
# 你如果只想让它在一个网络接口上监听，那你就绑定一个IP或者多个IP。
#
# 示例，多个IP用空格隔开:
# Examples:
#
# bind 192.168.1.100 10.0.0.1
# bind 127.0.0.1 ::1
#
# ~~~ WARNING ~~~ If the computer running Redis is directly exposed to the
# internet, binding to all the interfaces is dangerous and will expose the
# instance to everybody on the internet. So by default we uncomment the
# following bind directive, that will force Redis to listen only into
# the IPv4 lookback interface address (this means Redis will be able to
# accept connections only from clients running into the same computer it
# is running).
#
# IF YOU ARE SURE YOU WANT YOUR INSTANCE TO LISTEN TO ALL THE INTERFACES
# JUST COMMENT THE FOLLOWING LINE.
# 如果您确定希望实例监听所有接口只需注释下面的行。
# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
# bind 127.0.0.1
# Protected mode is a layer of security protection, in order to avoid that
# Redis instances left open on the internet are accessed and exploited.
#
# When protected mode is on and if:
#
# 1) The server is not binding explicitly to a set of addresses using the
# "bind" directive.
# 2) No password is configured.
#
# The server only accepts connections from clients connecting from the
# IPv4 and IPv6 loopback addresses 127.0.0.1 and ::1, and from Unix domain
# sockets.
#
# By default protected mode is enabled. You should disable it only if
# you are sure you want clients from other hosts to connect to Redis
# even if no authentication is configured, nor a specific set of interfaces
# are explicitly listed using the "bind" directive.
#是否开启保护模式，默认开启。要是配置里没有指定bind和密码。
#开启该参数后，redis只会本地进行访问，拒绝外部访问。要是开启了密码和bind，可以开启。
#否则最好关闭，设置为no。
protected-mode yes
# Accept connections on the specified port, default is 6379 (IANA #815344).
# If port 0 is specified Redis will not listen on a TCP socket.
# 端口号
port 6399
# TCP listen() backlog.
#
# In high requests-per-second environments you need an high backlog in order
# to avoid slow clients connections issues. Note that the Linux kernel
# will silently truncate it to the value of /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn so
# make sure to raise both the value of somaxconn and tcp_max_syn_backlog
# in order to get the desired effect.
此参数确定了TCP连接中已完成队列(完成三次握手之后)的长度，
当然此值必须不大于Linux系统定义的/proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn值，默认是511，
而Linux的默认参数值是128。当系统并发量大并且客户端速度缓慢的时候，
可以将这二个参数一起参考设定。该内核参数默认值一般是128，
对于负载很大的服务程序来说大大的不够。一般会将它修改为2048或者更大。
在/etc/sysctl.conf中添加:net.core.somaxconn = 2048，然后在终端中执行sysctl -p。
tcp-backlog 511
# Unix socket.
#
# Specify the path for the Unix socket that will be used to listen for
# incoming connections. There is no default, so Redis will not listen
# on a unix socket when not specified.
#指定 unix socket 的路径。
# unixsocket /tmp/redis.sock
# unixsocketperm 700
# Close the connection after a client is idle for N seconds (0 to disable)
指定在一个 client 空闲多少秒之后关闭连接（0 就是不管它）
timeout 0
# TCP keepalive.
#
# If non-zero, use SO_KEEPALIVE to send TCP ACKs to clients in absence
# of communication. This is useful for two reasons:
#
# tcp 心跳包。
#
# 如果设置为非零，则在与客户端缺乏通讯的时候使用 SO_KEEPALIVE 发送 tcp acks 给客户端。
# 1) Detect dead peers.
# 2) Take the connection alive from the point of view of network
# equipment in the middle.
#
# On Linux, the specified value (in seconds) is the period used to send ACKs.
# Note that to close the connection the double of the time is needed.
# On other kernels the period depends on the kernel configuration.
#
# A reasonable value for this option is 300 seconds, which is the new
# Redis default starting with Redis 3.2.1.
这个选项的合理值是300秒，这是新的# Redis默认从Redis 3.2.1开始。
tcp-keepalive 300
################################# GENERAL #####################################
# By default Redis does not run as a daemon. Use 'yes' if you need it.
# Note that Redis will write a pid file in /var/run/redis.pid when daemonized.
默认情况下 redis 不是作为守护进程运行的，如果你想让它在后台运行，你就把它改成 yes。
daemonize yes
# If you run Redis from upstart or systemd, Redis can interact with your
# supervision tree. Options:
# supervised no - no supervision interaction
# supervised upstart - signal upstart by putting Redis into SIGSTOP mode
# supervised systemd - signal systemd by writing READY=1 to $NOTIFY_SOCKET
# supervised auto - detect upstart or systemd method based on
# UPSTART_JOB or NOTIFY_SOCKET environment variables
# Note: these supervision methods only signal "process is ready."
# They do not enable continuous liveness pings back to your supervisor.
可以通过upstart和systemd管理Redis守护进程，这个参数是和具体的操作系统相关的。
supervised no
# If a pid file is specified, Redis writes it where specified at startup
# and removes it at exit.
#
# When the server runs non daemonized, no pid file is created if none is
# specified in the configuration. When the server is daemonized, the pid file
# is used even if not specified, defaulting to "/var/run/redis.pid".
#
# Creating a pid file is best effort: if Redis is not able to create it
# nothing bad happens, the server will start and run normally.
# 当redis作为守护进程运行的时候，它会把 pid 默认写到 /var/run/redis.pid 文件里面，
# 但是你可以在这里自己制定它的文件位置。
pidfile /var/run/redis_6379.pid
# Specify the server verbosity level.
# This can be one of:
# debug (a lot of information, useful for development/testing)
# verbose (many rarely useful info, but not a mess like the debug level)
# notice (moderately verbose, what you want in production probably)
# warning (only very important / critical messages are logged)
# 定义日志级别。
# 可以是下面的这些值：
# debug (适用于开发或测试阶段)
# verbose (many rarely useful info, but not a mess like the debug level)
# notice (适用于生产环境)
# warning (仅仅一些重要的消息被记录)
loglevel notice
# Specify the log file name. Also the empty string can be used to force
# Redis to log on the standard output. Note that if you use standard
# output for logging but daemonize, logs will be sent to /dev/null
指定日志文件的位置
logfile ""
# To enable logging to the system logger, just set 'syslog-enabled' to yes,
# and optionally update the other syslog parameters to suit your needs.
# syslog-enabled no
# Specify the syslog identity.
# syslog-ident redis
# Specify the syslog facility. Must be USER or between LOCAL0-LOCAL7.
# syslog-facility local0
# Set the number of databases. The default database is DB 0, you can select
# a different one on a per-connection basis using SELECT <dbid> where
# dbid is a number between 0 and 'databases'-1
# 设置数据库的数目。
# 默认数据库是 DB 0，你可以在每个连接上使用 select <dbid> 命令选择一个不同的数据库，
# 但是 dbid 必须是一个介于 0 到 databasees - 1 之间的值
databases 16
# By default Redis shows an ASCII art logo only when started to log to the
# standard output and if the standard output is a TTY. Basically this means
# that normally a logo is displayed only in interactive sessions.
#
# However it is possible to force the pre-4.0 behavior and always show a
# ASCII art logo in startup logs by setting the following option to yes.
默认情况下，Redis只在开始登录时才显示ASCII艺术标志标准输出，如果标准输出是TTY。
基本上这意味着通常标识只在交互会话中显示。#然而，强迫4.0之前的行为并总是显示a是
可能的# ASCII艺术标志在启动日志通过设置下列选项是
always-show-logo yes
################################ SNAPSHOTTING ################################
#
# Save the DB on disk:
#
# save <seconds> <changes>
#
# Will save the DB if both the given number of seconds and the given
# number of write operations against the DB occurred.
#
# In the example below the behaviour will be to save:
# after 900 sec (15 min) if at least 1 key changed
# after 300 sec (5 min) if at least 10 keys changed
# after 60 sec if at least 10000 keys changed
#
# Note: you can disable saving completely by commenting out all "save" lines.
#
# It is also possible to remove all the previously configured save
# points by adding a save directive with a single empty string argument
# like in the following example:
#
# save ""
# 存 DB 到磁盘：
#
# 格式：save <间隔时间（秒）> <写入次数>
#
# 根据给定的时间间隔和写入次数将数据保存到磁盘
#
# 下面的例子的意思是：
# 900 秒内如果至少有 1 个 key 的值变化，则保存
# 300 秒内如果至少有 10 个 key 的值变化，则保存
# 60 秒内如果至少有 10000 个 key 的值变化，则保存
#
# 注意：你可以注释掉所有的 save 行来停用保存功能。
# 也可以直接一个空字符串来实现停用：
# save ""
save 900 1
save 300 10
save 60 10000
# By default Redis will stop accepting writes if RDB snapshots are enabled
# (at least one save point) and the latest background save failed.
# This will make the user aware (in a hard way) that data is not persisting
# on disk properly, otherwise chances are that no one will notice and some
# disaster will happen.
#
# If the background saving process will start working again Redis will
# automatically allow writes again.
#
# However if you have setup your proper monitoring of the Redis server
# and persistence, you may want to disable this feature so that Redis will
# continue to work as usual even if there are problems with disk,
# permissions, and so forth.
# 默认情况下，如果 redis 最后一次的后台保存失败，redis 将停止接受写操作，
# 这样以一种强硬的方式让用户知道数据不能正确的持久化到磁盘，
# 否则就会没人注意到灾难的发生。
#
# 如果后台保存进程重新启动工作了，redis 也将自动的允许写操作。
#
# 然而你要是安装了靠谱的监控，你可能不希望 redis 这样做，那你就改成 no 好了。
stop-writes-on-bgsave-error yes
# Compress string objects using LZF when dump .rdb databases?
# For default that's set to 'yes' as it's almost always a win.
# If you want to save some CPU in the saving child set it to 'no' but
# the dataset will likely be bigger if you have compressible values or keys.
# 是否在 dump .rdb 数据库的时候使用 LZF 压缩字符串
# 默认都设为 yes
# 如果你希望保存子进程节省点 cpu ，你就设置它为 no ，
# 不过这个数据集可能就会比较大
rdbcompression yes
# Since version 5 of RDB a CRC64 checksum is placed at the end of the file.
# This makes the format more resistant to corruption but there is a performance
# hit to pay (around 10%) when saving and loading RDB files, so you can disable it
# for maximum performances.
#
# RDB files created with checksum disabled have a checksum of zero that will
# tell the loading code to skip the check.
# 是否校验rdb文件
rdbchecksum yes
# The filename where to dump the DB
# 设置 dump 的文件位置
dbfilename dump.rdb
# The working directory.
#
# The DB will be written inside this directory, with the filename specified
# above using the 'dbfilename' configuration directive.
#
# The Append Only File will also be created inside this directory.
#
# Note that you must specify a directory here, not a file name.
# 工作目录
# 例如上面的 dbfilename 只指定了文件名，
# 但是它会写入到这个目录下。这个配置项一定是个目录，而不能是文件名。
dir ./
################################# REPLICATION #################################
# Master-Slave replication. Use slaveof to make a Redis instance a copy of
# another Redis server. A few things to understand ASAP about Redis replication.
#
# 1) Redis replication is asynchronous, but you can configure a master to
# stop accepting writes if it appears to be not connected with at least
# a given number of slaves.
# 2) Redis slaves are able to perform a partial resynchronization with the
# master if the replication link is lost for a relatively small amount of
# time. You may want to configure the replication backlog size (see the next
# sections of this file) with a sensible value depending on your needs.
# 3) Replication is automatic and does not need user intervention. After a
# network partition slaves automatically try to reconnect to masters
# and resynchronize with them.
#
# slaveof <masterip> <masterport>
# If the master is password protected (using the "requirepass" configuration
# directive below) it is possible to tell the slave to authenticate before
# starting the replication synchronization process, otherwise the master will
# refuse the slave request.
#
# masterauth <master-password>
# When a slave loses its connection with the master, or when the replication
# is still in progress, the slave can act in two different ways:
#
# 1) if slave-serve-stale-data is set to 'yes' (the default) the slave will
# still reply to client requests, possibly with out of date data, or the
# data set may just be empty if this is the first synchronization.
#
# 2) if slave-serve-stale-data is set to 'no' the slave will reply with
# an error "SYNC with master in progress" to all the kind of commands
# but to INFO and SLAVEOF.
# 主从复制。使用 slaveof 来让一个 redis 实例成为另一个reids 实例的副本。
# 注意这个只需要在 slave 上配置。
#
# slaveof <masterip> <masterport>
# 如果 master 需要密码认证，就在这里设置
# masterauth <master-password>
# 当一个 slave 与 master 失去联系，或者复制正在进行的时候，
# slave 可能会有两种表现：
#
# 1) 如果为 yes ，slave 仍然会应答客户端请求，但返回的数据可能是过时，
# 或者数据可能是空的在第一次同步的时候
#
# 2) 如果为 no ，在你执行除了 info he salveof 之外的其他命令时，
# slave 都将返回一个 "SYNC with master in progress" 的错误，
#
slave-serve-stale-data yes
# You can configure a slave instance to accept writes or not. Writing against
# a slave instance may be useful to store some ephemeral data (because data
# written on a slave will be easily deleted after resync with the master) but
# may also cause problems if clients are writing to it because of a
# misconfiguration.
#
# Since Redis 2.6 by default slaves are read-only.
#
# Note: read only slaves are not designed to be exposed to untrusted clients
# on the internet. It's just a protection layer against misuse of the instance.
# Still a read only slave exports by default all the administrative commands
# such as CONFIG, DEBUG, and so forth. To a limited extent you can improve
# security of read only slaves using 'rename-command' to shadow all the
# administrative / dangerous commands.
# 你可以配置一个 slave 实体是否接受写入操作。
# 通过写入操作来存储一些短暂的数据对于一个 slave 实例来说可能是有用的，
# 因为相对从 master 重新同步数而言，据数据写入到 slave 会更容易被删除。
# 但是如果客户端因为一个错误的配置写入，也可能会导致一些问题。
#
# 从 redis 2.6 版起，默认 slaves 都是只读的。
#
# Note: read only slaves are not designed to be exposed to untrusted clients
# on the internet. It's just a protection layer against misuse of the instance.
# Still a read only slave exports by default all the administrative commands
# such as CONFIG, DEBUG, and so forth. To a limited extent you can improve
# security of read only slaves using 'rename-command' to shadow all the
# administrative / dangerous commands.
# 注意：只读的 slaves 没有被设计成在 internet 上暴露给不受信任的客户端。
# 它仅仅是一个针对误用实例的一个保护层。
slave-read-only yes
# Replication SYNC strategy: disk or socket.
#
# -------------------------------------------------------
# WARNING: DISKLESS REPLICATION IS EXPERIMENTAL CURRENTLY
# -------------------------------------------------------
#
# New slaves and reconnecting slaves that are not able to continue the replication
# process just receiving differences, need to do what is called a "full
# synchronization". An RDB file is transmitted from the master to the slaves.
# The transmission can happen in two different ways:
#
# 1) Disk-backed: The Redis master creates a new process that writes the RDB
# file on disk. Later the file is transferred by the parent
# process to the slaves incrementally.
# 2) Diskless: The Redis master creates a new process that directly writes the
# RDB file to slave sockets, without touching the disk at all.
#
# With disk-backed replication, while the RDB file is generated, more slaves
# can be queued and served with the RDB file as soon as the current child producing
# the RDB file finishes its work. With diskless replication instead once
# the transfer starts, new slaves arriving will be queued and a new transfer
# will start when the current one terminates.
#
# When diskless replication is used, the master waits a configurable amount of
# time (in seconds) before starting the transfer in the hope that multiple slaves
# will arrive and the transfer can be parallelized.
#
# With slow disks and fast (large bandwidth) networks, diskless replication
# works better.
#是否使用socket方式复制数据。目前redis复制提供两种方式，disk和socket。
如果新的slave连上来或者重连的slave无法部分同步，就会执行全量同步，master会生成rdb文件。
有2种方式：disk方式是master创建一个新的进程把rdb文件保存到磁盘，
再把磁盘上的rdb文件传递给slave。socket是master创建一个新的进程，
直接把rdb文件以socket的方式发给slave。disk方式的时候，当一个rdb保存的过程中，
多个slave都能共享这个rdb文件。socket的方式就的一个个slave顺序复制。在磁盘速度缓慢，
网速快的情况下推荐用socket方式。
repl-diskless-sync no
# When diskless replication is enabled, it is possible to configure the delay
# the server waits in order to spawn the child that transfers the RDB via socket
# to the slaves.
#
# This is important since once the transfer starts, it is not possible to serve
# new slaves arriving, that will be queued for the next RDB transfer, so the server
# waits a delay in order to let more slaves arrive.
#
# The delay is specified in seconds, and by default is 5 seconds. To disable
# it entirely just set it to 0 seconds and the transfer will start ASAP.
#diskless复制的延迟时间，防止设置为0。一旦复制开始，
节点不会再接收新slave的复制请求直到下一个rdb传输。所以最好等待一段时间，等更多的slave连上来。
repl-diskless-sync-delay 5
# Slaves send PINGs to server in a predefined interval. It's possible to change
# this interval with the repl_ping_slave_period option. The default value is 10
# seconds.
#
# Slaves 在一个预定义的时间间隔内发送 ping 命令到 server 。
# 你可以改变这个时间间隔。默认为 10 秒。
# repl-ping-slave-period 10
# The following option sets the replication timeout for:
#
# 1) Bulk transfer I/O during SYNC, from the point of view of slave.
# 2) Master timeout from the point of view of slaves (data, pings).
# 3) Slave timeout from the point of view of masters (REPLCONF ACK pings).
#
# It is important to make sure that this value is greater than the value
# specified for repl-ping-slave-period otherwise a timeout will be detected
# every time there is low traffic between the master and the slave.
#
#复制连接超时时间。master和slave都有超时时间的设置。
master检测到slave上次发送的时间超过repl-timeout，即认为slave离线，清除该slave信息。
slave检测到上次和master交互的时间超过repl-timeout，则认为master离线。
需要注意的是repl-timeout需要设置一个比repl-ping-slave-period更大的值，不然会经常检测到超时。
# repl-timeout 60
# Disable TCP_NODELAY on the slave socket after SYNC?
#
# If you select "yes" Redis will use a smaller number of TCP packets and
# less bandwidth to send data to slaves. But this can add a delay for
# the data to appear on the slave side, up to 40 milliseconds with
# Linux kernels using a default configuration.
#
# If you select "no" the delay for data to appear on the slave side will
# be reduced but more bandwidth will be used for replication.
#
# By default we optimize for low latency, but in very high traffic conditions
# or when the master and slaves are many hops away, turning this to "yes" may
# be a good idea.
#是否禁止复制tcp链接的tcp nodelay参数，可传递yes或者no。默认是no，
即使用tcp nodelay。如果master设置了yes来禁止tcp nodelay设置，
在把数据复制给slave的时候，会减少包的数量和更小的网络带宽。
但是这也可能带来数据的延迟。默认我们推荐更小的延迟，
但是在数据量传输很大的场景下，建议选择yes。
repl-disable-tcp-nodelay no
# Set the replication backlog size. The backlog is a buffer that accumulates
# slave data when slaves are disconnected for some time, so that when a slave
# wants to reconnect again, often a full resync is not needed, but a partial
# resync is enough, just passing the portion of data the slave missed while
# disconnected.
#
# The bigger the replication backlog, the longer the time the slave can be
# disconnected and later be able to perform a partial resynchronization.
#
# The backlog is only allocated once there is at least a slave connected.
#
#复制缓冲区大小，这是一个环形复制缓冲区，用来保存最新复制的命令。
这样在slave离线的时候，不需要完全复制master的数据，如果可以执行部分同步，
只需要把缓冲区的部分数据复制给slave，就能恢复正常复制状态。缓冲区的大小越大，
slave离线的时间可以更长，复制缓冲区只有在有slave连接的时候才分配内存。
没有slave的一段时间，内存会被释放出来，默认1m。
# repl-backlog-size 1mb
# After a master has no longer connected slaves for some time, the backlog
# will be freed. The following option configures the amount of seconds that
# need to elapse, starting from the time the last slave disconnected, for
# the backlog buffer to be freed.
#
# Note that slaves never free the backlog for timeout, since they may be
# promoted to masters later, and should be able to correctly "partially
# resynchronize" with the slaves: hence they should always accumulate backlog.
#
# A value of 0 means to never release the backlog.
#
# master没有slave一段时间会释放复制缓冲区的内存，
repl-backlog-ttl用来设置该时间长度。单位为秒。
# repl-backlog-ttl 3600
# The slave priority is an integer number published by Redis in the INFO output.
# It is used by Redis Sentinel in order to select a slave to promote into a
# master if the master is no longer working correctly.
#
# A slave with a low priority number is considered better for promotion, so
# for instance if there are three slaves with priority 10, 100, 25 Sentinel will
# pick the one with priority 10, that is the lowest.
#
# However a special priority of 0 marks the slave as not able to perform the
# role of master, so a slave with priority of 0 will never be selected by
# Redis Sentinel for promotion.
#
# By default the priority is 100.
当master不可用，Sentinel会根据slave的优先级选举一个master。
最低的优先级的slave，当选master。而配置成0，永远不会被选举。
slave-priority 100
# It is possible for a master to stop accepting writes if there are less than
# N slaves connected, having a lag less or equal than M seconds.
#
# The N slaves need to be in "online" state.
#
# The lag in seconds, that must be <= the specified value, is calculated from
# the last ping received from the slave, that is usually sent every second.
#
# This option does not GUARANTEE that N replicas will accept the write, but
# will limit the window of exposure for lost writes in case not enough slaves
# are available, to the specified number of seconds.
#
# For example to require at least 3 slaves with a lag <= 10 seconds use:
#
#redis提供了可以让master停止写入的方式，如果配置了min-slaves-to-write，
健康的slave的个数小于N，mater就禁止写入。master最少得有多少个健康的slave存活才能执行写命令。
这个配置虽然不能保证N个slave都一定能接收到master的写操作，但是能避免没有足够健康的slave的时候，
master不能写入来避免数据丢失。设置为0是关闭该功能。
# min-slaves-to-write 3
#延迟小于min-slaves-max-lag秒的slave才认为是健康的slave。
# min-slaves-max-lag 10
#
# Setting one or the other to 0 disables the feature.
#
# By default min-slaves-to-write is set to 0 (feature disabled) and
# min-slaves-max-lag is set to 10.
# A Redis master is able to list the address and port of the attached
# slaves in different ways. For example the "INFO replication" section
# offers this information, which is used, among other tools, by
# Redis Sentinel in order to discover slave instances.
# Another place where this info is available is in the output of the
# "ROLE" command of a master.
#
# The listed IP and address normally reported by a slave is obtained
# in the following way:
#
# IP: The address is auto detected by checking the peer address
# of the socket used by the slave to connect with the master.
#
# Port: The port is communicated by the slave during the replication
# handshake, and is normally the port that the slave is using to
# list for connections.
#
# However when port forwarding or Network Address Translation (NAT) is
# used, the slave may be actually reachable via different IP and port
# pairs. The following two options can be used by a slave in order to
# report to its master a specific set of IP and port, so that both INFO
# and ROLE will report those values.
#
# There is no need to use both the options if you need to override just
# the port or the IP address.
#
Redis master能够以不同的方式列出所连接slave的地址和端口。
例如，“INFO replication”部分提供此信息，除了其他工具之外，Redis Sentinel还使用该信息来发现slave实例。
此信息可用的另一个地方在masterser的“ROLE”命令的输出中。
通常由slave报告的列出的IP和地址,通过以下方式获得：
IP：通过检查slave与master连接使用的套接字的对等体地址自动检测地址。
端口：端口在复制握手期间由slavet通信，并且通常是slave正在使用列出连接的端口。
然而，当使用端口转发或网络地址转换（NAT）时，slave实际上可以通过(不同的IP和端口对)来到达。
slave可以使用以下两个选项，以便向master报告一组特定的IP和端口，
以便INFO和ROLE将报告这些值。
如果你需要仅覆盖端口或IP地址，则没必要使用这两个选项。
# slave-announce-ip 5.5.5.5
# slave-announce-port 1234
################################## SECURITY ###################################
# Require clients to issue AUTH <PASSWORD> before processing any other
# commands. This might be useful in environments in which you do not trust
# others with access to the host running redis-server.
#
# This should stay commented out for backward compatibility and because most
# people do not need auth (e.g. they run their own servers).
#
# Warning: since Redis is pretty fast an outside user can try up to
# 150k passwords per second against a good box. This means that you should
# use a very strong password otherwise it will be very easy to break.
#
# 设置认证密码
requirepass password
# Command renaming.
#
# It is possible to change the name of dangerous commands in a shared
# environment. For instance the CONFIG command may be renamed into something
# hard to guess so that it will still be available for internal-use tools
# but not available for general clients.
#
# Example:
#
# rename-command CONFIG b840fc02d524045429941cc15f59e41cb7be6c52
#
# It is also possible to completely kill a command by renaming it into
# an empty string:
#
# rename-command CONFIG ""
#
# Please note that changing the name of commands that are logged into the
# AOF file or transmitted to slaves may cause problems.
################################### CLIENTS ####################################
# Set the max number of connected clients at the same time. By default
# this limit is set to 10000 clients, however if the Redis server is not
# able to configure the process file limit to allow for the specified limit
# the max number of allowed clients is set to the current file limit
# minus 32 (as Redis reserves a few file descriptors for internal uses).
#
# Once the limit is reached Redis will close all the new connections sending
# an error 'max number of clients reached'.
#
# 一旦达到最大限制，redis 将关闭所有的新连接
# 并发送一个‘max number of clients reached’的错误。
# maxclients 10000
############################## MEMORY MANAGEMENT ################################
# Set a memory usage limit to the specified amount of bytes.
# When the memory limit is reached Redis will try to remove keys
# according to the eviction policy selected (see maxmemory-policy).
#
# If Redis can't remove keys according to the policy, or if the policy is
# set to 'noeviction', Redis will start to reply with errors to commands
# that would use more memory, like SET, LPUSH, and so on, and will continue
# to reply to read-only commands like GET.
#
# This option is usually useful when using Redis as an LRU or LFU cache, or to
# set a hard memory limit for an instance (using the 'noeviction' policy).
#
# WARNING: If you have slaves attached to an instance with maxmemory on,
# the size of the output buffers needed to feed the slaves are subtracted
# from the used memory count, so that network problems / resyncs will
# not trigger a loop where keys are evicted, and in turn the output
# buffer of slaves is full with DELs of keys evicted triggering the deletion
# of more keys, and so forth until the database is completely emptied.
#
# In short... if you have slaves attached it is suggested that you set a lower
# limit for maxmemory so that there is some free RAM on the system for slave
# output buffers (but this is not needed if the policy is 'noeviction').
#
# 最大使用内存
# maxmemory <bytes>
# MAXMEMORY POLICY: how Redis will select what to remove when maxmemory
# is reached. You can select among five behaviors:
#
# volatile-lru -> Evict using approximated LRU among the keys with an expire set.
# allkeys-lru -> Evict any key using approximated LRU.
# volatile-lfu -> Evict using approximated LFU among the keys with an expire set.
# allkeys-lfu -> Evict any key using approximated LFU.
# volatile-random -> Remove a random key among the ones with an expire set.
# allkeys-random -> Remove a random key, any key.
# volatile-ttl -> Remove the key with the nearest expire time (minor TTL)
# noeviction -> Don't evict anything, just return an error on write operations.
#
# 最大内存策略，你有 5 个选择。
#
# volatile-lru -> remove the key with an expire set using an LRU algorithm
# volatile-lru -> 使用 LRU 算法移除包含过期设置的 key 。
# allkeys-lru -> remove any key accordingly to the LRU algorithm
# allkeys-lru -> 根据 LRU 算法移除所有的 key 。
# volatile-random -> remove a random key with an expire set
# allkeys-random -> remove a random key, any key
# volatile-ttl -> remove the key with the nearest expire time (minor TTL)
# noeviction -> don't expire at all, just return an error on write operations
# noeviction -> 不让任何 key 过期，只是给写入操作返回一个错误
# LRU means Least Recently Used
# LFU means Least Frequently Used
#
# Both LRU, LFU and volatile-ttl are implemented using approximated
# randomized algorithms.
#
# Note: with any of the above policies, Redis will return an error on write
# operations, when there are no suitable keys for eviction.
#
# At the date of writing these commands are: set setnx setex append
# incr decr rpush lpush rpushx lpushx linsert lset rpoplpush sadd
# sinter sinterstore sunion sunionstore sdiff sdiffstore zadd zincrby
# zunionstore zinterstore hset hsetnx hmset hincrby incrby decrby
# getset mset msetnx exec sort
#
# The default is:
#
LRU的意思是最近最少使用LFU的意思是最不常用的#使用近似方法实现了LRU、LFU和volatile-ttl#随机算法。
#注意:对于上述任何一种策略，Redis都会在写入时返回一个错误操作，当没有合适的键被驱逐时。
#在写这些命令的时候，设置setnx setex append地址:rpush lpush rpushx lpushx linsert lset rpoplpush
sadd烧结商店sunion sunionstore sdiff sdiffstore zadd zincrbyzunionstore zinterstore hset
hsetnx hmset hincrby incrby decrby# getset mset msetnx exec排序
##默认是:
# maxmemory-policy noeviction
# LRU, LFU and minimal TTL algorithms are not precise algorithms but approximated
# algorithms (in order to save memory), so you can tune it for speed or
# accuracy. For default Redis will check five keys and pick the one that was
# used less recently, you can change the sample size using the following
# configuration directive.
#
# The default of 5 produces good enough results. 10 Approximates very closely
# true LRU but costs more CPU. 3 is faster but not very accurate.
#
LRU、LFU和最小TTL算法不是精确的算法，而是近似的#算法(为了节省内存)，
所以您可以调整它的速度或#准确性。对于默认的Redis，会检查5个键并选择原来的键#最近使用的较少，
您可以使用以下方法更改样本量#配置指令。#5的默认值产生足够好的结果。
10密切接近真正的LRU，但需要更多的CPU。3更快，但不是很准确。
# maxmemory-samples 5
############################# LAZY FREEING ####################################
# Redis has two primitives to delete keys. One is called DEL and is a blocking
# deletion of the object. It means that the server stops processing new commands
# in order to reclaim all the memory associated with an object in a synchronous
# way. If the key deleted is associated with a small object, the time needed
# in order to execute the DEL command is very small and comparable to most other
# O(1) or O(log_N) commands in Redis. However if the key is associated with an
# aggregated value containing millions of elements, the server can block for
# a long time (even seconds) in order to complete the operation.
#
# For the above reasons Redis also offers non blocking deletion primitives
# such as UNLINK (non blocking DEL) and the ASYNC option of FLUSHALL and
# FLUSHDB commands, in order to reclaim memory in background. Those commands
# are executed in constant time. Another thread will incrementally free the
# object in the background as fast as possible.
#
# DEL, UNLINK and ASYNC option of FLUSHALL and FLUSHDB are user-controlled.
# It's up to the design of the application to understand when it is a good
# idea to use one or the other. However the Redis server sometimes has to
# delete keys or flush the whole database as a side effect of other operations.
# Specifically Redis deletes objects independently of a user call in the
# following scenarios:
#
# 1) On eviction, because of the maxmemory and maxmemory policy configurations,
# in order to make room for new data, without going over the specified
# memory limit.
# 2) Because of expire: when a key with an associated time to live (see the
# EXPIRE command) must be deleted from memory.
# 3) Because of a side effect of a command that stores data on a key that may
# already exist. For example the RENAME command may delete the old key
# content when it is replaced with another one. Similarly SUNIONSTORE
# or SORT with STORE option may delete existing keys. The SET command
# itself removes any old content of the specified key in order to replace
# it with the specified string.
# 4) During replication, when a slave performs a full resynchronization with
# its master, the content of the whole database is removed in order to
# load the RDB file just transfered.
#
# In all the above cases the default is to delete objects in a blocking way,
# like if DEL was called. However you can configure each case specifically
# in order to instead release memory in a non-blocking way like if UNLINK
# was called, using the following configuration directives:
lazy free可译为惰性删除或延迟释放；当删除键的时候,redis提供异步延时释放key内存的功能，
把key释放操作放在bio(Background I/O)单独的子线程处理中，减少删除big key对redis主线程的阻塞。
有效地避免删除big key带来的性能和可用性问题
lazyfree-lazy-eviction no
lazyfree-lazy-expire no
lazyfree-lazy-server-del no
slave-lazy-flush no
############################## APPEND ONLY MODE ###############################
# By default Redis asynchronously dumps the dataset on disk. This mode is
# good enough in many applications, but an issue with the Redis process or
# a power outage may result into a few minutes of writes lost (depending on
# the configured save points).
#
# The Append Only File is an alternative persistence mode that provides
# much better durability. For instance using the default data fsync policy
# (see later in the config file) Redis can lose just one second of writes in a
# dramatic event like a server power outage, or a single write if something
# wrong with the Redis process itself happens, but the operating system is
# still running correctly.
#
# AOF and RDB persistence can be enabled at the same time without problems.
# If the AOF is enabled on startup Redis will load the AOF, that is the file
# with the better durability guarantees.
#
# Please check http://redis.io/topics/persistence for more information.
#默认redis使用的是rdb方式持久化，这种方式在许多应用中已经足够用了。
但是redis如果中途宕机，会导致可能有几分钟的数据丢失，根据save来策略进行持久化，
Append Only File是另一种持久化方式，可以提供更好的持久化特性。
Redis会把每次写入的数据在接收后都写入 appendonly.aof 文件，
每次启动时Redis都会先把这个文件的数据读入内存里，先忽略RDB文件。
appendonly no
# The name of the append only file (default: "appendonly.aof")
#aof文件名
appendfilename "appendonly.aof"
# The fsync() call tells the Operating System to actually write data on disk
# instead of waiting for more data in the output buffer. Some OS will really flush
# data on disk, some other OS will just try to do it ASAP.
#
# Redis supports three different modes:
#
# no: don't fsync, just let the OS flush the data when it wants. Faster.
# always: fsync after every write to the append only log. Slow, Safest.
# everysec: fsync only one time every second. Compromise.
#
# The default is "everysec", as that's usually the right compromise between
# speed and data safety. It's up to you to understand if you can relax this to
# "no" that will let the operating system flush the output buffer when
# it wants, for better performances (but if you can live with the idea of
# some data loss consider the default persistence mode that's snapshotting),
# or on the contrary, use "always" that's very slow but a bit safer than
# everysec.
#
# More details please check the following article:
# http://antirez.com/post/redis-persistence-demystified.html
#
# If unsure, use "everysec".
# appendfsync always
#aof持久化策略的配置
#no表示不执行fsync，由操作系统保证数据同步到磁盘，速度最快。
#always表示每次写入都执行fsync，以保证数据同步到磁盘。
#everysec表示每秒执行一次fsync，可能会导致丢失这1s数据。
appendfsync everysec
# appendfsync no
# When the AOF fsync policy is set to always or everysec, and a background
# saving process (a background save or AOF log background rewriting) is
# performing a lot of I/O against the disk, in some Linux configurations
# Redis may block too long on the fsync() call. Note that there is no fix for
# this currently, as even performing fsync in a different thread will block
# our synchronous write(2) call.
#
# In order to mitigate this problem it's possible to use the following option
# that will prevent fsync() from being called in the main process while a
# BGSAVE or BGREWRITEAOF is in progress.
#
# This means that while another child is saving, the durability of Redis is
# the same as "appendfsync none". In practical terms, this means that it is
# possible to lose up to 30 seconds of log in the worst scenario (with the
# default Linux settings).
#
# If you have latency problems turn this to "yes". Otherwise leave it as
# "no" that is the safest pick from the point of view of durability.
# 在aof重写或者写入rdb文件的时候，会执行大量IO，此时对于everysec和always的aof模式来说，
执行fsync会造成阻塞过长时间，no-appendfsync-on-rewrite字段设置为默认设置为no。
如果对延迟要求很高的应用，这个字段可以设置为yes，否则还是设置为no，
这样对持久化特性来说这是更安全的选择。设置为yes表示rewrite期间对新写操作不fsync,
暂时存在内存中,等rewrite完成后再写入，默认为no，建议yes。Linux的默认fsync策略是30秒。
可能丢失30秒数据。
no-appendfsync-on-rewrite no
# Automatic rewrite of the append only file.
# Redis is able to automatically rewrite the log file implicitly calling
# BGREWRITEAOF when the AOF log size grows by the specified percentage.
#
# This is how it works: Redis remembers the size of the AOF file after the
# latest rewrite (if no rewrite has happened since the restart, the size of
# the AOF at startup is used).
#
# This base size is compared to the current size. If the current size is
# bigger than the specified percentage, the rewrite is triggered. Also
# you need to specify a minimal size for the AOF file to be rewritten, this
# is useful to avoid rewriting the AOF file even if the percentage increase
# is reached but it is still pretty small.
#
# Specify a percentage of zero in order to disable the automatic AOF
# rewrite feature.
#aof自动重写配置。当目前aof文件大小超过上一次重写的aof文件大小的百分之多少进行重写，
即当aof文件增长到一定大小的时候Redis能够调用bgrewriteaof对日志文件进行重写。
当前AOF文件大小是上次日志重写得到AOF文件大小的二倍（设置为100）时，
自动启动新的日志重写过程。
auto-aof-rewrite-percentage 100
#设置允许重写的最小aof文件大小，避免了达到约定百分比但尺寸仍然很小的情况还要重写
auto-aof-rewrite-min-size 64mb
# An AOF file may be found to be truncated at the end during the Redis
# startup process, when the AOF data gets loaded back into memory.
# This may happen when the system where Redis is running
# crashes, especially when an ext4 filesystem is mounted without the
# data=ordered option (however this can't happen when Redis itself
# crashes or aborts but the operating system still works correctly).
#
# Redis can either exit with an error when this happens, or load as much
# data as possible (the default now) and start if the AOF file is found
# to be truncated at the end. The following option controls this behavior.
#
# If aof-load-truncated is set to yes, a truncated AOF file is loaded and
# the Redis server starts emitting a log to inform the user of the event.
# Otherwise if the option is set to no, the server aborts with an error
# and refuses to start. When the option is set to no, the user requires
# to fix the AOF file using the "redis-check-aof" utility before to restart
# the server.
#
# Note that if the AOF file will be found to be corrupted in the middle
# the server will still exit with an error. This option only applies when
# Redis will try to read more data from the AOF file but not enough bytes
# will be found.
#aof文件可能在尾部是不完整的，当redis启动的时候，aof文件的数据被载入内存。
重启可能发生在redis所在的主机操作系统宕机后，
尤其在ext4文件系统没有加上data=ordered选项（redis宕机或者异常终止不会造成尾部不完整现象。）
出现这种现象，可以选择让redis退出，或者导入尽可能多的数据。如果选择的是yes，
当截断的aof文件被导入的时候，会自动发布一个log给客户端然后load。如果是no，
用户必须手动redis-check-aof修复AOF文件才可以。
aof-load-truncated yes
# When rewriting the AOF file, Redis is able to use an RDB preamble in the
# AOF file for faster rewrites and recoveries. When this option is turned
# on the rewritten AOF file is composed of two different stanzas:
#
# [RDB file][AOF tail]
#
# When loading Redis recognizes that the AOF file starts with the "REDIS"
# string and loads the prefixed RDB file, and continues loading the AOF
# tail.
#
# This is currently turned off by default in order to avoid the surprise
# of a format change, but will at some point be used as the default.
#Redis4.0新增RDB-AOF混合持久化格式，在开启了这个功能之后，
AOF重写产生的文件将同时包含RDB格式的内容和AOF格式的内容，
其中RDB格式的内容用于记录已有的数据，而AOF格式的内存则用于记录最近发生了变化的数据，
这样Redis就可以同时兼有RDB持久化和AOF持久化的优点（既能够快速地生成重写文件，
也能够在出现问题时，快速地载入数据）。
aof-use-rdb-preamble no
################################ LUA SCRIPTING ###############################
# Max execution time of a Lua script in milliseconds.
#
# If the maximum execution time is reached Redis will log that a script is
# still in execution after the maximum allowed time and will start to
# reply to queries with an error.
#
# When a long running script exceeds the maximum execution time only the
# SCRIPT KILL and SHUTDOWN NOSAVE commands are available. The first can be
# used to stop a script that did not yet called write commands. The second
# is the only way to shut down the server in the case a write command was
# already issued by the script but the user doesn't want to wait for the natural
# termination of the script.
#
# Set it to 0 or a negative value for unlimited execution without warnings.
# 如果达到最大时间限制（毫秒），redis会记个log，然后返回error。
当一个脚本超过了最大时限。只有SCRIPT KILL和SHUTDOWN NOSAVE可以用。
第一个可以杀没有调write命令的东西。要是已经调用了write，只能用第二个命令杀。
lua-time-limit 5000
################################ REDIS CLUSTER ###############################
#
# ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
# WARNING EXPERIMENTAL: Redis Cluster is considered to be stable code, however
# in order to mark it as "mature" we need to wait for a non trivial percentage
# of users to deploy it in production.
# ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
#
# Normal Redis instances can't be part of a Redis Cluster; only nodes that are
# started as cluster nodes can. In order to start a Redis instance as a
# cluster node enable the cluster support uncommenting the following:
#
#集群开关，默认是不开启集群模式。
# cluster-enabled yes
# Every cluster node has a cluster configuration file. This file is not
# intended to be edited by hand. It is created and updated by Redis nodes.
# Every Redis Cluster node requires a different cluster configuration file.
# Make sure that instances running in the same system do not have
# overlapping cluster configuration file names.
#
#集群配置文件的名称，每个节点都有一个集群相关的配置文件，
持久化保存集群的信息。这个文件并不需要手动配置，这个配置文件有Redis生成并更新，
每个Redis集群节点需要一个单独的配置文件，请确保与实例运行的系统中配置文件名称不冲突
# cluster-config-file nodes-6379.conf
# Cluster node timeout is the amount of milliseconds a node must be unreachable
# for it to be considered in failure state.
# Most other internal time limits are multiple of the node timeout.
#
#节点互连超时的阀值。集群节点超时毫秒数
# cluster-node-timeout 15000
# A slave of a failing master will avoid to start a failover if its data
# looks too old.
#
# There is no simple way for a slave to actually have an exact measure of
# its "data age", so the following two checks are performed:
#
# 1) If there are multiple slaves able to failover, they exchange messages
# in order to try to give an advantage to the slave with the best
# replication offset (more data from the master processed).
# Slaves will try to get their rank by offset, and apply to the start
# of the failover a delay proportional to their rank.
#
# 2) Every single slave computes the time of the last interaction with
# its master. This can be the last ping or command received (if the master
# is still in the "connected" state), or the time that elapsed since the
# disconnection with the master (if the replication link is currently down).
# If the last interaction is too old, the slave will not try to failover
# at all.
#
# The point "2" can be tuned by user. Specifically a slave will not perform
# the failover if, since the last interaction with the master, the time
# elapsed is greater than:
#
# (node-timeout * slave-validity-factor) + repl-ping-slave-period
#
# So for example if node-timeout is 30 seconds, and the slave-validity-factor
# is 10, and assuming a default repl-ping-slave-period of 10 seconds, the
# slave will not try to failover if it was not able to talk with the master
# for longer than 310 seconds.
#
# A large slave-validity-factor may allow slaves with too old data to failover
# a master, while a too small value may prevent the cluster from being able to
# elect a slave at all.
#
# For maximum availability, it is possible to set the slave-validity-factor
# to a value of 0, which means, that slaves will always try to failover the
# master regardless of the last time they interacted with the master.
# (However they'll always try to apply a delay proportional to their
# offset rank).
#
# Zero is the only value able to guarantee that when all the partitions heal
# the cluster will always be able to continue.
#
#在进行故障转移的时候，全部slave都会请求申请为master，
但是有些slave可能与master断开连接一段时间了，导致数据过于陈旧，
这样的slave不应该被提升为master。该参数就是用来判>断slave节点与master断线的时间是否过长。
判断方法是：
#比较slave断开连接的时间和(node-timeout * slave-validity-factor) + repl-ping-slave-period
#如果节点超时时间为三十秒, 并且slave-validity-factor为10,假设默认的repl-ping-slave-period是10秒，
即如果超过310秒slave将不会尝试进行故障转移
#可能出现由于某主节点失联却没有从节点能顶上的情况，从而导致集群不能正常工作，在这种情况下，
只有等到原来的主节点重新回归到集群，集群才恢复运作
#如果设置成０，则无论从节点与主节点失联多久，从节点都会尝试升级成主节
# cluster-slave-validity-factor 10
# Cluster slaves are able to migrate to orphaned masters, that are masters
# that are left without working slaves. This improves the cluster ability
# to resist to failures as otherwise an orphaned master can't be failed over
# in case of failure if it has no working slaves.
#
# Slaves migrate to orphaned masters only if there are still at least a
# given number of other working slaves for their old master. This number
# is the "migration barrier". A migration barrier of 1 means that a slave
# will migrate only if there is at least 1 other working slave for its master
# and so forth. It usually reflects the number of slaves you want for every
# master in your cluster.
#
# Default is 1 (slaves migrate only if their masters remain with at least
# one slave). To disable migration just set it to a very large value.
# A value of 0 can be set but is useful only for debugging and dangerous
# in production.
#
#master的slave数量大于该值，slave才能迁移到其他孤立master上，如这个参数若被设为2，
那么只有当一个主节点拥有2 个可工作的从节点时，它的一个从节点会尝试迁移。
#主节点需要的最小从节点数，只有达到这个数，主节点失败时，它从节点才会进行迁移。
# cluster-migration-barrier 1
# By default Redis Cluster nodes stop accepting queries if they detect there
# is at least an hash slot uncovered (no available node is serving it).
# This way if the cluster is partially down (for example a range of hash slots
# are no longer covered) all the cluster becomes, eventually, unavailable.
# It automatically returns available as soon as all the slots are covered again.
#
# However sometimes you want the subset of the cluster which is working,
# to continue to accept queries for the part of the key space that is still
# covered. In order to do so, just set the cluster-require-full-coverage
# option to no.
#
#默认情况下，集群全部的slot有节点分配，集群状态才为ok，才能提供服务。设置为no，
可以在slot没有全部分配的时候提供服务。不建议打开该配置，这样会造成分区的时候，
小分区的mster一直在接受写请求，而造成很长时间数据不一致。
#在部分key所在的节点不可用时，如果此参数设置为”yes”(默认值),
则整个集群停止接受操作；如果此参数设置为”no”，则集群依然为可达节点上的key提供读操作
# cluster-require-full-coverage yes
# In order to setup your cluster make sure to read the documentation
# available at http://redis.io web site.
########################## CLUSTER DOCKER/NAT support ########################
# In certain deployments, Redis Cluster nodes address discovery fails, because
# addresses are NAT-ted or because ports are forwarded (the typical case is
# Docker and other containers).
#
# In order to make Redis Cluster working in such environments, a static
# configuration where each node knows its public address is needed. The
# following two options are used for this scope, and are:
#
在某些部署中，Redis集群节点地址发现失败，
因为地址是NAT-ted或者因为端口被转发(典型的情况是# Docker和其他容器)。
#为了让Redis集群在这样的环境中工作，一个静态的每个节点知道其公开地址的配置。
的#此作用域使用了以下两个选项:
##实际为各节点网卡分配ip 先用上网关ip代替
# * cluster-announce-ip
##节点映射端口
# * cluster-announce-port
##节点总线端
# * cluster-announce-bus-port
#
# Each instruct the node about its address, client port, and cluster message
# bus port. The information is then published in the header of the bus packets
# so that other nodes will be able to correctly map the address of the node
# publishing the information.
#
# If the above options are not used, the normal Redis Cluster auto-detection
# will be used instead.
#
# Note that when remapped, the bus port may not be at the fixed offset of
# clients port + 10000, so you can specify any port and bus-port depending
# on how they get remapped. If the bus-port is not set, a fixed offset of
# 10000 will be used as usually.
#
# Example:
#
每个节点指示其地址、客户端端口和集群消息#总线端口。然后，这些信息被发布在总线数据包
的报头中使其他节点能够正确映射节点的地址#发布的信息。#如果不使用上述选项，
正常的Redis集群自动检测将被使用。#注意，当重新映射时，总线端口可能不在固定偏移量
上# clients port + 10000，因此您可以指定任意端口和总线端口他们是如何被重拍的。
如果总线端口没有设置，则为一个固定的偏移量# 10000将像往常一样使用。##的例子:
# cluster-announce-ip 10.1.1.5
# cluster-announce-port 6379
# cluster-announce-bus-port 6380
################################## SLOW LOG ###################################
# The Redis Slow Log is a system to log queries that exceeded a specified
# execution time. The execution time does not include the I/O operations
# like talking with the client, sending the reply and so forth,
# but just the time needed to actually execute the command (this is the only
# stage of command execution where the thread is blocked and can not serve
# other requests in the meantime).
#
# You can configure the slow log with two parameters: one tells Redis
# what is the execution time, in microseconds, to exceed in order for the
# command to get logged, and the other parameter is the length of the
# slow log. When a new command is logged the oldest one is removed from the
# queue of logged commands.
# The following time is expressed in microseconds, so 1000000 is equivalent
# to one second. Note that a negative number disables the slow log, while
# a value of zero forces the logging of every command.
###slog log是用来记录redis运行中执行比较慢的命令耗时。当命令的执行超过了指定时间，
就记录在slow log中，slog log保存在内存中，所以没有IO操作。
#执行时间比slowlog-log-slower-than大的请求记录到slowlog里面，单位是微秒，
所以1000000就是1秒。注意，负数时间会禁用慢查询日志，而0则会强制记录所有命令。
slowlog-log-slower-than 10000
# There is no limit to this length. Just be aware that it will consume memory.
# You can reclaim memory used by the slow log with SLOWLOG RESET.
#慢查询日志长度。当一个新的命令被写进日志的时候，最老的那个记录会被删掉。
这个长度没有限制。只要有足够的内存就行。你可以通过 SLOWLOG RESET 来释放内存。
slowlog-max-len 128
################################ LATENCY MONITOR ##############################
# The Redis latency monitoring subsystem samples different operations
# at runtime in order to collect data related to possible sources of
# latency of a Redis instance.
#
# Via the LATENCY command this information is available to the user that can
# print graphs and obtain reports.
#
# The system only logs operations that were performed in a time equal or
# greater than the amount of milliseconds specified via the
# latency-monitor-threshold configuration directive. When its value is set
# to zero, the latency monitor is turned off.
#
# By default latency monitoring is disabled since it is mostly not needed
# if you don't have latency issues, and collecting data has a performance
# impact, that while very small, can be measured under big load. Latency
# monitoring can easily be enabled at runtime using the command
# "CONFIG SET latency-monitor-threshold <milliseconds>" if needed.
#延迟监控功能是用来监控redis中执行比较缓慢的一些操作，用LATENCY打印redis实例在跑命令时的耗时图表。
只记录大于等于下边设置的值的操作。0的话，就是关闭监视。默认延迟监控功能是关闭的，
如果你需要打开，也可以通过CONFIG SET命令动态设置。
latency-monitor-threshold 0
############################# EVENT NOTIFICATION ##############################
# Redis can notify Pub/Sub clients about events happening in the key space.
# This feature is documented at http://redis.io/topics/notifications
#
# For instance if keyspace events notification is enabled, and a client
# performs a DEL operation on key "foo" stored in the Database 0, two
# messages will be published via Pub/Sub:
#
# PUBLISH __keyspace@0__:foo del
# PUBLISH __keyevent@0__:del foo
#
# It is possible to select the events that Redis will notify among a set
# of classes. Every class is identified by a single character:
#
# K Keyspace events, published with __keyspace@<db>__ prefix.
# E Keyevent events, published with __keyevent@<db>__ prefix.
# g Generic commands (non-type specific) like DEL, EXPIRE, RENAME, ...
# $ String commands
# l List commands
# s Set commands
# h Hash commands
# z Sorted set commands
# x Expired events (events generated every time a key expires)
# e Evicted events (events generated when a key is evicted for maxmemory)
# A Alias for g$lshzxe, so that the "AKE" string means all the events.
#
# The "notify-keyspace-events" takes as argument a string that is composed
# of zero or multiple characters. The empty string means that notifications
# are disabled.
#
# Example: to enable list and generic events, from the point of view of the
# event name, use:
#
# notify-keyspace-events Elg
#
# Example 2: to get the stream of the expired keys subscribing to channel
# name __keyevent@0__:expired use:
#
# notify-keyspace-events Ex
#
# By default all notifications are disabled because most users don't need
# this feature and the feature has some overhead. Note that if you don't
# specify at least one of K or E, no events will be delivered.
#键空间通知使得客户端可以通过订阅频道或模式，来接收那些以某种方式改动了 Redis 数据集的事件。
因为开启键空间通知功能需要消耗一些 CPU ，所以在默认配置下，该功能处于关闭状态。
#notify-keyspace-events 的参数可以是以下字符的任意组合，它指定了服务器该发送哪些类型的通知：
##K 键空间通知，所有通知以 __keyspace@__ 为前缀
##E 键事件通知，所有通知以 __keyevent@__ 为前缀
##g DEL 、 EXPIRE 、 RENAME 等类型无关的通用命令的通知
##$ 字符串命令的通知
##l 列表命令的通知
##s 集合命令的通知
##h 哈希命令的通知
##z 有序集合命令的通知
##x 过期事件：每当有过期键被删除时发送
##e 驱逐(evict)事件：每当有键因为 maxmemory 政策而被删除时发送
##A 参数 g$lshzxe 的别名
#输入的参数中至少要有一个 K 或者 E，否则的话，不管其余的参数是什么，都不会有任何 通知被分发。
详细使用可以参考http://redis.io/topics/notifications
notify-keyspace-events ""
############################### ADVANCED CONFIG ###############################
# Hashes are encoded using a memory efficient data structure when they have a
# small number of entries, and the biggest entry does not exceed a given
# threshold. These thresholds can be configured using the following directives.
#数据量小于等于hash-max-ziplist-entries的用ziplist，大于hash-max-ziplist-entries用hash
hash-max-ziplist-entries 512
#value大小小于等于hash-max-ziplist-value的用ziplist，大于hash-max-ziplist-value用hash。
hash-max-ziplist-value 64
# Lists are also encoded in a special way to save a lot of space.
# The number of entries allowed per internal list node can be specified
# as a fixed maximum size or a maximum number of elements.
# For a fixed maximum size, use -5 through -1, meaning:
# -5: max size: 64 Kb <-- not recommended for normal workloads
# -4: max size: 32 Kb <-- not recommended
# -3: max size: 16 Kb <-- probably not recommended
# -2: max size: 8 Kb <-- good
# -1: max size: 4 Kb <-- good
# Positive numbers mean store up to _exactly_ that number of elements
# per list node.
# The highest performing option is usually -2 (8 Kb size) or -1 (4 Kb size),
# but if your use case is unique, adjust the settings as necessary.
list-max-ziplist-size -2
# Lists may also be compressed.
# Compress depth is the number of quicklist ziplist nodes from *each* side of
# the list to *exclude* from compression. The head and tail of the list
# are always uncompressed for fast push/pop operations. Settings are:
# 0: disable all list compression
# 1: depth 1 means "don't start compressing until after 1 node into the list,
# going from either the head or tail"
# So: [head]->node->node->...->node->[tail]
# [head], [tail] will always be uncompressed; inner nodes will compress.
# 2: [head]->[next]->node->node->...->node->[prev]->[tail]
# 2 here means: don't compress head or head->next or tail->prev or tail,
# but compress all nodes between them.
# 3: [head]->[next]->[next]->node->node->...->node->[prev]->[prev]->[tail]
# etc.
list-compress-depth 0
# Sets have a special encoding in just one case: when a set is composed
# of just strings that happen to be integers in radix 10 in the range
# of 64 bit signed integers.
# The following configuration setting sets the limit in the size of the
# set in order to use this special memory saving encoding.
set-max-intset-entries 512
# Similarly to hashes and lists, sorted sets are also specially encoded in
# order to save a lot of space. This encoding is only used when the length and
# elements of a sorted set are below the following limits:
zset-max-ziplist-entries 128
zset-max-ziplist-value 64
# HyperLogLog sparse representation bytes limit. The limit includes the
# 16 bytes header. When an HyperLogLog using the sparse representation crosses
# this limit, it is converted into the dense representation.
#
# A value greater than 16000 is totally useless, since at that point the
# dense representation is more memory efficient.
#
# The suggested value is ~ 3000 in order to have the benefits of
# the space efficient encoding without slowing down too much PFADD,
# which is O(N) with the sparse encoding. The value can be raised to
# ~ 10000 when CPU is not a concern, but space is, and the data set is
# composed of many HyperLogLogs with cardinality in the 0 - 15000 range.
hll-sparse-max-bytes 3000
# Active rehashing uses 1 millisecond every 100 milliseconds of CPU time in
# order to help rehashing the main Redis hash table (the one mapping top-level
# keys to values). The hash table implementation Redis uses (see dict.c)
# performs a lazy rehashing: the more operation you run into a hash table
# that is rehashing, the more rehashing "steps" are performed, so if the
# server is idle the rehashing is never complete and some more memory is used
# by the hash table.
#
# The default is to use this millisecond 10 times every second in order to
# actively rehash the main dictionaries, freeing memory when possible.
#
# If unsure:
# use "activerehashing no" if you have hard latency requirements and it is
# not a good thing in your environment that Redis can reply from time to time
# to queries with 2 milliseconds delay.
#
# use "activerehashing yes" if you don't have such hard requirements but
# want to free memory asap when possible.
activerehashing yes
# The client output buffer limits can be used to force disconnection of clients
# that are not reading data from the server fast enough for some reason (a
# common reason is that a Pub/Sub client can't consume messages as fast as the
# publisher can produce them).
#
# The limit can be set differently for the three different classes of clients:
#
# normal -> normal clients including MONITOR clients
# slave -> slave clients
# pubsub -> clients subscribed to at least one pubsub channel or pattern
#
# The syntax of every client-output-buffer-limit directive is the following:
#
# client-output-buffer-limit <class> <hard limit> <soft limit> <soft seconds>
#
# A client is immediately disconnected once the hard limit is reached, or if
# the soft limit is reached and remains reached for the specified number of
# seconds (continuously).
# So for instance if the hard limit is 32 megabytes and the soft limit is
# 16 megabytes / 10 seconds, the client will get disconnected immediately
# if the size of the output buffers reach 32 megabytes, but will also get
# disconnected if the client reaches 16 megabytes and continuously overcomes
# the limit for 10 seconds.
#
# By default normal clients are not limited because they don't receive data
# without asking (in a push way), but just after a request, so only
# asynchronous clients may create a scenario where data is requested faster
# than it can read.
#
# Instead there is a default limit for pubsub and slave clients, since
# subscribers and slaves receive data in a push fashion.
#
# Both the hard or the soft limit can be disabled by setting them to zero.
client-output-buffer-limit normal 0 0 0
client-output-buffer-limit slave 256mb 64mb 60
client-output-buffer-limit pubsub 32mb 8mb 60
# Client query buffers accumulate new commands. They are limited to a fixed
# amount by default in order to avoid that a protocol desynchronization (for
# instance due to a bug in the client) will lead to unbound memory usage in
# the query buffer. However you can configure it here if you have very special
# needs, such us huge multi/exec requests or alike.
#
# client-query-buffer-limit 1gb
# In the Redis protocol, bulk requests, that are, elements representing single
# strings, are normally limited ot 512 mb. However you can change this limit
# here.
#
# proto-max-bulk-len 512mb
# Redis calls an internal function to perform many background tasks, like
# closing connections of clients in timeout, purging expired keys that are
# never requested, and so forth.
#
# Not all tasks are performed with the same frequency, but Redis checks for
# tasks to perform according to the specified "hz" value.
#
# By default "hz" is set to 10. Raising the value will use more CPU when
# Redis is idle, but at the same time will make Redis more responsive when
# there are many keys expiring at the same time, and timeouts may be
# handled with more precision.
#
# The range is between 1 and 500, however a value over 100 is usually not
# a good idea. Most users should use the default of 10 and raise this up to
# 100 only in environments where very low latency is required.
hz 10
# When a child rewrites the AOF file, if the following option is enabled
# the file will be fsync-ed every 32 MB of data generated. This is useful
# in order to commit the file to the disk more incrementally and avoid
# big latency spikes.
aof-rewrite-incremental-fsync yes
# Redis LFU eviction (see maxmemory setting) can be tuned. However it is a good
# idea to start with the default settings and only change them after investigating
# how to improve the performances and how the keys LFU change over time, which
# is possible to inspect via the OBJECT FREQ command.
#
# There are two tunable parameters in the Redis LFU implementation: the
# counter logarithm factor and the counter decay time. It is important to
# understand what the two parameters mean before changing them.
#
# The LFU counter is just 8 bits per key, it's maximum value is 255, so Redis
# uses a probabilistic increment with logarithmic behavior. Given the value
# of the old counter, when a key is accessed, the counter is incremented in
# this way:
#
# 1. A random number R between 0 and 1 is extracted.
# 2. A probability P is calculated as 1/(old_value*lfu_log_factor+1).
# 3. The counter is incremented only if R < P.
#
# The default lfu-log-factor is 10. This is a table of how the frequency
# counter changes with a different number of accesses with different
# logarithmic factors:
#
# +--------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
# | factor | 100 hits | 1000 hits | 100K hits | 1M hits | 10M hits |
# +--------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
# | 0 | 104 | 255 | 255 | 255 | 255 |
# +--------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
# | 1 | 18 | 49 | 255 | 255 | 255 |
# +--------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
# | 10 | 10 | 18 | 142 | 255 | 255 |
# +--------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
# | 100 | 8 | 11 | 49 | 143 | 255 |
# +--------+------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
#
# NOTE: The above table was obtained by running the following commands:
#
# redis-benchmark -n 1000000 incr foo
# redis-cli object freq foo
#
# NOTE 2: The counter initial value is 5 in order to give new objects a chance
# to accumulate hits.
#
# The counter decay time is the time, in minutes, that must elapse in order
# for the key counter to be divided by two (or decremented if it has a value
# less <= 10).
#
# The default value for the lfu-decay-time is 1. A Special value of 0 means to
# decay the counter every time it happens to be scanned.
#
# lfu-log-factor 10
# lfu-decay-time 1
########################### ACTIVE DEFRAGMENTATION #######################
#
# WARNING THIS FEATURE IS EXPERIMENTAL. However it was stress tested
# even in production and manually tested by multiple engineers for some
# time.
#
# What is active defragmentation?
# -------------------------------
#
# Active (online) defragmentation allows a Redis server to compact the
# spaces left between small allocations and deallocations of data in memory,
# thus allowing to reclaim back memory.
#
# Fragmentation is a natural process that happens with every allocator (but
# less so with Jemalloc, fortunately) and certain workloads. Normally a server
# restart is needed in order to lower the fragmentation, or at least to flush
# away all the data and create it again. However thanks to this feature
# implemented by Oran Agra for Redis 4.0 this process can happen at runtime
# in an "hot" way, while the server is running.
#
# Basically when the fragmentation is over a certain level (see the
# configuration options below) Redis will start to create new copies of the
# values in contiguous memory regions by exploiting certain specific Jemalloc
# features (in order to understand if an allocation is causing fragmentation
# and to allocate it in a better place), and at the same time, will release the
# old copies of the data. This process, repeated incrementally for all the keys
# will cause the fragmentation to drop back to normal values.
#
# Important things to understand:
#
# 1. This feature is disabled by default, and only works if you compiled Redis
# to use the copy of Jemalloc we ship with the source code of Redis.
# This is the default with Linux builds.
#
# 2. You never need to enable this feature if you don't have fragmentation
# issues.
#
# 3. Once you experience fragmentation, you can enable this feature when
# needed with the command "CONFIG SET activedefrag yes".
#
# The configuration parameters are able to fine tune the behavior of the
# defragmentation process. If you are not sure about what they mean it is
# a good idea to leave the defaults untouched.
# Enabled active defragmentation
# activedefrag yes
# Minimum amount of fragmentation waste to start active defrag
# active-defrag-ignore-bytes 100mb
# Minimum percentage of fragmentation to start active defrag
# active-defrag-threshold-lower 10
# Maximum percentage of fragmentation at which we use maximum effort
# active-defrag-threshold-upper 100
# Minimal effort for defrag in CPU percentage
# active-defrag-cycle-min 25
# Maximal effort for defrag in CPU percentage
# active-defrag-cycle-max 75