环境

Python 3.5.1

django 1.9.1

前言

今天用django写web平台，第一时间想到django自带的认证，连session都提供好了，既然有轮子了，我们就不需要自己造了。

扩展django user的部分方法：

一、重写user，将新的user注册到admin，还要重写认证

二、继承user,进行扩展(记得在settings中设置AUTH_USER_MODEL

AUTH_USER_MODEL = "myapp.NewUser"
 

)

2.1 继承AbstractUser类

如果你对django自带的User model感到满意, 又希望增加额外的field的话, 你可以扩展AbstractUser类（本文就是这种方法实现）

新的django User类支持email，也可以用email作为用户登陆

2.2 继承AbstractBaseUser类

AbstractBaseUser中只含有3个field: password, last_login和is_active. 这个就是你自己高度定制自己需要的东西

model.py

# class UserManager(BaseUserManager):
#     # def create_user(self, email, username, mobile, password=None):
#     def create_user(self, email, username, mobile, password=None, **kwargs):
#         """通过邮箱，密码，手机号创建用户"""
# if not email: # raise ValueError(u'用户必须要有邮箱') # # user = self.model( # email = self.normalize_email(email), # username = username, # mobile = mobile, # ) # # user.set_password(password) # if kwargs: # if kwargs.get('qq', None): user.qq = kwargs['qq'] #qq号 # if kwargs.get('is_active', None): user.is_active = kwargs['is_active'] #是否激活 # if kwargs.get('wechat', None): user.wechat = kwargs['wechat'] #微信号 # if kwargs.get('refuserid', None): user.refuserid = kwargs['refuserid'] #推荐人ID # if kwargs.get('vevideo', None): user.vevideo = kwargs['vevideo'] #视频认证 # if kwargs.get('identicard', None): user.identicard = kwargs['identicard'] #×××认证 # if kwargs.get('type', None): user.type = kwargs['type'] # user.save(using=self._db) # return user # # def create_superuser(self,email, username, password,mobile): # user = self.create_user(email, # username=username, # password=password, # mobile = mobile, # ) # user.is_admin = True # user.save(using=self.db) # return user # # class User(AbstractBaseUser, PermissionsMixin): # """扩展User""" # email = models.EmailField(verbose_name='Email', max_length=255, unique=True, db_index=True) # username = models.CharField(max_length=50) # qq = models.CharField(max_length=16) # mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11) # wechat = models.CharField(max_length=100) # refuserid = models.CharField(max_length=20) # vevideo = models.BooleanField(default=False) # identicard = models.BooleanField(default=False) # created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) # type = models.CharField(u'用户类型', default='0', max_length=1) # # is_active = models.BooleanField(default=True) # is_admin = models.BooleanField(default=False) # # objects = UserManager() # # USERNAME_FIELD = 'email' # REQUIRED_FIELDS = ['mobile'] # # def get_full_name(self): # # The user is identified by their email address # return self.email # # def get_short_name(self): # # The user is identified by their email address # return self.email # # #On python 2: def __unicode__(self): # def __str__(self): # return self.email # # def has_perm(self, perm, obj=None): # "Does the user have a specific permission?" # # Simplest possible answer: Yes, always # return True # # def has_module_perms(self, app_label): # "Does the user have permissions to view the app `app_label`?" # # Simplest possible answer: Yes, always # return True # # @property # def is_staff(self): # "Is the user a member of staff?" # # Simplest possible answer: All admins are staff # return self.is_admin #
 

admin.py

# class UserCreationForm(forms.ModelForm):
#     password1 = forms.CharField(label='Password', widget=forms.PasswordInput)
#     password2 = forms.CharField(label='Password confirmation', widget=forms.PasswordInput)
#
# class Meta: # model = MyUser # fields = ('email', 'mobile') # # def clean_password2(self): # # Check that the two password entries match # password1 = self.cleaned_data.get("password1") # password2 = self.cleaned_data.get("password2") # if password1 and password2 and password1 != password2: # raise forms.ValidationError("Passwords don't match") # return password2 # # def save(self, commit=True): # # Save the provided password in hashed format # user = super(UserCreationForm, self).save(commit=False) # user.set_password(self.cleaned_data["password1"]) # if commit: # user.save() # return user # # # class UserChangeForm(forms.ModelForm): # password = ReadOnlyPasswordHashField() # # class Meta: # model = MyUser # fields = ('email', 'password', 'mobile', 'is_active', 'is_admin') # # def clean_password(self): # return self.initial['password'] # # class UserAdmin(BaseUserAdmin): # form = UserChangeForm # add_form = UserCreationForm # list_display = ('email', 'mobile','is_admin') # list_filter = ('is_admin',) # fieldsets = ( # (None, {'fields': ('email', 'password')}), # ('Personal info', {'fields': ('mobile',)}), # ('Permissions', {'fields': ('is_admin',)}), # ) # add_fieldsets = ( # (None, { # 'classes': ('wide',), # 'fields' :('email','mobile', 'password1', 'password2')} # ), # ) # search_fields = ('email',) # ordering = ('email',) # filter_horizontal = () # # admin.site.register(MyUser,UserAdmin) # admin.site.unregister(Group)
 

三、profile方式扩展，但是从django1.6开始就放弃这种写法

四、网上找的方法，不改源码、不加新表，扩展user

from django.db import models  from django.contrib.auth.models import User from django.contrib.auth.admin import UserAdmin import datetime class ProfileBase(type): def __new__(cls, name, bases, attrs): #构造器，（名字，基类，类属性） module = attrs.pop('__module__') parents = [b for b in bases if isinstance(b, ProfileBase)] if parents: fields = [] for obj_name, obj in attrs.items(): if isinstance(obj, models.Field): fields.append(obj_name) User.add_to_class(obj_name, obj) ####最重要的步骤 UserAdmin.fieldsets = list(UserAdmin.fieldsets) UserAdmin.fieldsets.append((name, {'fields': fields})) return super(ProfileBase, cls).__new__(cls, name, bases, attrs) class ProfileUser(object): __metaclass__ = ProfileBase class ExtraInfo(ProfileUser): phone_number= models.CharField(max_length = 20, verbose_name=u'电话号码')
 

稍微解释一下这段代码： ProfileBase是自定义的一个元类，继承自types.ClassType，其中ProfileUser为一个基类，其元类为ProfileBase，而ExtraInfo才是我们真正自定义字段的类，之所以把基类ProfileUser和ExtraInfo分开，是为了便于在其他地方引用ProfileUser，进行自定义扩展。简单说来，当解释器看到你在定义一个ProfileUser类的子类，而ProfileUser类的元类是ProfileBase，所以ExtraInfo的元类也是ProfileBase，在定义ProfileUser的子类的时候，它就会执行元类ProfileBase中的new中代码，并且将正在定义的类的（名字，基类，类属性）作为参数传递给new，这里的name就是类名ExtraInfo，attrs中则包含你新加的字段，通过User.add_to_class把新的字段加入到User中，为了能在admin中显示出来，把它加入到UserAdmin.fieldsets中，这样就能在后台编辑这个这个字段，当然，你也可以加入到ist_display，使之在列表中显示。

如果你有其他app也想往User Model中加field或方法，都只要通过子类ProfileUser类，然后使用声明语法进行定义即可，所有其他工作都有元类帮你完成。这也是所有django的model的内部工作，你可以用此方法扩展任何model。

转载出处：http://www.opscoder.info/extend_user.html

需求

注册登录都有现成的代码，主要是自带的User字段只有（email,username,password）,所以需要扩展User,来增加自己需要的字段

代码如下：

model.py

#coding:utf8
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser from django.utils.encoding import python_2_unicode_compatible # Create your models here. @python_2_unicode_compatible """是django内置的兼容python2和python3的unicode语法的一个装饰器 只是针对 __str__ 方法而用的，__str__方法是为了后台管理(admin)和django shell的显示，Meta类也是为后台显示服务的 """ class MyUser(AbstractUser): qq = models.CharField(u'qq号', max_length=16) weChat =models.CharField(u'微信账号', max_length=100) mobile =models.CharField(u'手机号', primary_key=True, max_length=11) identicard =models.BooleanField(u'×××认证', default=False) #默认是0，未认证， 1：×××认证， 2：视频认证 refuserid = models.CharField(u'推荐人ID', max_length=20) Level = models.CharField(u'用户等级', default='0', max_length=2) #默认是0，用户等级0-9 vevideo = models.BooleanField(u'视频认证', default=False) #默认是0，未认证。 1：已认证 Type =models.CharField(u'用户类型', default='0', max_length=1) #默认是0，未认证， 1：刷手 2：商家 def __str__(self): return self.username
 

settings.py

AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'appname.MyUser'
AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS = ('django.contrib.auth.backends.ModelBackend',)
 

踩过的坑：

1、扩展user表后，要在settings.py 添加

AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'appname.扩展user的class name'
 

2、认证后台要在settings添加，尤其记得加逗号，否则报错

认证后台不加的报错

Django-AttributeError 'User' object has no attribute 'backend'
 

没加逗号的报错

ImportError: a doesn't look like a module path
 

form.py

#coding:utf-8
from django import forms

#注册表单
class RegisterForm(forms.Form): username = forms.CharField(label='用户名',max_length=100) password = forms.CharField(label='密码',widget=forms.PasswordInput()) password2 = forms.CharField(label='确认密码',widget=forms.PasswordInput()) mobile = forms.CharField(label='手机号', max_length=11) email = forms.EmailField() qq = forms.CharField(label='QQ号', max_length=16) type = forms.ChoiceField(label='注册类型', choices=(('buyer','买家'),('saler','商家'))) def clean(self): if not self.is_valid(): raise forms.ValidationError('所有项都为必填项') elif self.cleaned_data['password2'] != self.cleaned_data['password']: raise forms.ValidationError('两次输入密码不一致') else: cleaned_data = super(RegisterForm, self).clean() return cleaned_data #登陆表单 class LoginForm(forms.Form): username = forms.CharField(label='用户名',widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={"placeholder": "用户名", "required": "required",}), max_length=50, error_messages={"required": "username不能为空",}) password = forms.CharField(label='密码',widget=forms.PasswordInput(attrs={"placeholder": "密码", "required": "required",}), max_length=20, error_messages={"required": "password不能为空",})
 

views.py

from django.shortcuts import render,render_to_response
from .models import MyUser from django.http import HttpResponse,HttpResponseRedirect from django.template import RequestContext import time from .myclass import form from django.template import RequestContext from django.contrib.auth import authenticate,login,logout #注册 def register(request): error = [] # if request.method == 'GET': # return render_to_response('register.html',{'uf':uf}) if request.method == 'POST': uf = form.RegisterForm(request.POST) if uf.is_valid(): username = uf.cleaned_data['username'] password = uf.cleaned_data['password'] password2 = uf.cleaned_data['password2'] qq = uf.cleaned_data['qq'] email = uf.cleaned_data['email'] mobile = uf.cleaned_data['mobile'] type = uf.cleaned_data['type'] if not MyUser.objects.all().filter(username=username): user = MyUser() user.username = username user.set_password(password) user.qq = qq user.email = email user.mobile = mobile user.type = type user.save() return render_to_response('member.html', {'username': username}) else: uf = form.RegisterForm() return render_to_response('register.html',{'uf':uf,'error':error}) #登陆 def do_login(request): if request.method =='POST': lf = form.LoginForm(request.POST) if lf.is_valid(): username = lf.cleaned_data['username'] password = lf.cleaned_data['password'] user = authenticate(username=username, password=password) #django自带auth验证用户名密码 if user is not None: #判断用户是否存在 if user.is_active: #判断用户是否激活 login(request,user) #用户信息验证成功后把登陆信息写入session return render_to_response("member.html", {'username':username}) else: return render_to_response('disable.html',{'username':username}) else: return HttpResponse("无效的用户名或者密码!!!") else: lf = form.LoginForm() return render_to_response('index.html',{'lf':lf}) #退出 def do_logout(request): logout(request) return HttpResponseRedirect('/')
 

踩过的坑：

1、登陆的时候用自带的认证模块总是报none

user = authenticate(username=username, password=password)
 

查看源码发现是check_password的方法是用hash进行校验，之前注册的password写法是

user.password=password
 

这种写法是明文入库，需要更改密码的入库写法

user.set_password(password)