python——tkinter界面小实验

1.登陆界面

import tkinter as tk
import tkinter.messagebox
import pickle

root=tkinter.Tk()
root.geometry('400x300')
root.title("欢迎二狗子")

#画布
canvas=tkinter.Canvas(root,width=400,height=300)
pic=tkinter.PhotoImage(file='img2/a.gif')
image=canvas.create_image(0,0,anchor='nw',image=pic)
canvas.pack(side='top')

#登录界面，用户、密码
label1=tkinter.Label(root,text='账号：')
label1.place(x=80,y=80)
label2=tkinter.Label(root,text='密码：')
label2.place(x=80,y=120)

var_usr_name=tkinter.StringVar()
entry_usr_name=tkinter.Entry(root,textvariable=var_usr_name)
entry_usr_name.place(x=130,y=80)

var_usr_pwd=tkinter.StringVar()
entry_usr_pwd=tkinter.Entry(root,textvariable=var_usr_pwd,show='*')
entry_usr_pwd.place(x=130,y=120)

def usr_log_in():
    usr_name=var_usr_name.get()
    user_pwd=var_usr_pwd.get()
    #从本地字典获取用户信息，如果没有则新建本地数据库
    try:
        with open('usr_info.pickle','rb') as usr_file:
            usrs_info=pickle.load(usr_file)
    except FileNotFoundError:
        with open('usr_info.pickle','wb') as usr_file:
            usrs_info={'admin':'admin'}
            pickle.dump(usrs_info,usr_file)
    if usr_name in usrs_info:
        if user_pwd in usrs_info[usr_name]:
            tkinter.messagebox.showinfo(title='welcome',message=usr_name+'欢迎登录')
        else:
            tkinter.messagebox.showerror(title='tip',message='密码错误,请重新输入！')
    elif usr_name=='' or user_pwd=='':
        tkinter.messagebox.showerror(title='tip',message='用户名或密码为空！')
    else:
        go_signup=tkinter.messagebox.askyesno('欢迎','你还没注册，是否现在去注册？')
        if go_signup:
            usr_sign_up()

def usr_sign_up():
    #确认注册时的相应函数
    def signtowcg():
        #获取输入框内的内容
        nn=new_name.get()
        np=new_pwd.get()
        npf=new_pwd_confirm.get()
 
        #本地加载已有用户信息,如果没有则已有用户信息为空
        try:
            with open('usr_info.pickle','rb') as usr_file:
                exist_usr_info=pickle.load(usr_file)
        except FileNotFoundError:
            exist_usr_info={}           
            
        #检查用户名存在、密码为空、密码前后不一致
        if nn in exist_usr_info:
            tk.messagebox.showerror('错误','用户名已存在')
        elif np =='' or nn=='':
            tk.messagebox.showerror('错误','用户名或密码为空')
        elif np !=npf:
            tk.messagebox.showerror('错误','密码前后不一致')

        #注册信息没有问题则将用户名密码写入数据库
        else:
            exist_usr_info[nn]=np
            with open('usr_info.pickle','wb') as usr_file:
                pickle.dump(exist_usr_info,usr_file)
            tk.messagebox.showinfo('欢迎','注册成功')
            #注册成功关闭注册框
            window_sign_up.destroy()

    #新建注册界面
    window_sign_up=tk.Toplevel(root)
    window_sign_up.geometry('350x200')
    window_sign_up.title('注册')
    #用户名变量及标签、输入框
    new_name=tk.StringVar()
    tk.Label(window_sign_up,text='用户名：').place(x=10,y=10)
    tk.Entry(window_sign_up,textvariable=new_name).place(x=150,y=10)

    #密码变量及标签、输入框
    new_pwd=tk.StringVar()
    tk.Label(window_sign_up,text='请输入密码：').place(x=10,y=50)
    tk.Entry(window_sign_up,textvariable=new_pwd,show='*').place(x=150,y=50) 

    #重复密码变量及标签、输入框
    new_pwd_confirm=tk.StringVar()
    tk.Label(window_sign_up,text='请再次输入密码：').place(x=10,y=90)
    tk.Entry(window_sign_up,textvariable=new_pwd_confirm,show='*').place(x=150,y=90)

    #确认注册按钮及位置
    bt_confirm_sign_up=tk.Button(window_sign_up,text='确认注册',
                                 command=signtowcg)
    bt_confirm_sign_up.place(x=150,y=130)

def usr_sign_quit():
    root.destroy()



#按钮,登录、注册、退出
bt_login=tkinter.Button(root,text="登录",command=usr_log_in)
bt_login.place(x=80,y=220)
bt_sign_up=tkinter.Button(root,text="注册",command=usr_sign_up)
bt_sign_up.place(x=160,y=220)
bt_sign_quit=tkinter.Button(root,text="退出",command=usr_sign_quit)
bt_sign_quit.place(x=240,y=220)


root.mainloop()

显示界面：

在本地有数据表，可以真正注册和登录。

---

2.制作菜单栏

from tkinter import *

top=Tk()
top.wm_title("菜单")
top.geometry("400x300+800+200")

# 创建一个菜单项，类似于导航栏
menubar=Menu(top)

# 创建菜单项
fmenu1=Menu(top)
for item in ['新建','打开','保存','另存为']:
    # 如果该菜单时顶层菜单的一个菜单项，则它添加的是下拉菜单的菜单项。
    fmenu1.add_command(label=item)

fmenu2=Menu(top)
for item in ['复制','粘贴','剪切']:
    fmenu2.add_command(label=item)

fmenu3=Menu(top)
for item in ['默认视图','新式视图']:
    fmenu3.add_command(label=item)

fmenu4=Menu(top)
for item in ["版权信息","其他说明"]:
    fmenu4.add_command(label=item)

# add_cascade 的一个很重要的属性就是 menu 属性，它指明了要把那个菜单级联到该菜单项上，
# 当然，还必不可少的就是 label 属性，用于指定该菜单项的名称
menubar.add_cascade(label="文件",menu=fmenu1)
menubar.add_cascade(label="编辑",menu=fmenu2)
menubar.add_cascade(label="视图",menu=fmenu3)
menubar.add_cascade(label="关于",menu=fmenu4)

# 最后可以用窗口的 menu 属性指定我们使用哪一个作为它的顶层菜单
top['menu']=menubar
top.mainloop()

---

3.实现图片转换格式

import os
from PIL import Image
import tkinter
import tkinter.filedialog
import tkinter.messagebox
 
class Window():
    def __init__(self):
        self.root = root = tkinter.Tk()
        self.menu = tkinter.Menu(root)
        self.submenu = tkinter.Menu(self.menu, tearoff=0)
        self.submenu.add_command(label='作者:  王小涛同學')
        root.config(menu=self.submenu)
        self.Image = tkinter.StringVar()
        self.Image.set('.bmp')
        self.mstatus = tkinter.IntVar()
        self.fstatus = tkinter.IntVar()
        self.mstatus.set(0)
        self.fstatus.set(0)
        self.status = tkinter.StringVar()
        self.label = tkinter.Label(root, text='输入百分比')
        self.label.place(x=5, y=5)
        self.entryNew = tkinter.Entry(root)
        self.entryNew.place(x=70, y=5)
        self.checkM = tkinter.Checkbutton(self.root, text='批量转换', command=self.OnCheckM, variable=self.mstatus, onvalue=1, offvalue=0)
        self.checkM.place(x=5, y=30)
        self.label = tkinter.Label(root, text='选择文件')
        self.label.place(x=5, y=55)
        self.entryFile = tkinter.Entry(root)
        self.entryFile.place(x=70, y=55)
        self.BrowserFileButton = tkinter.Button(root, text='浏览', command=self.BrowserFile)
        self.BrowserFileButton.place(x=220, y=55)
        self.label = tkinter.Label(root, text='选择目录')
        self.label.place(x=5, y=90)
        self.entryDir = tkinter.Entry(root, state=tkinter.DISABLED)
        self.entryDir.place(x=70, y=90)
        self.BrowserDirButton = tkinter.Button(root, text='浏览', command=self.BrowserDir, state=tkinter.DISABLED)
        self.BrowserDirButton.place(x=220, y=90)
 
        self.checkF = tkinter.Checkbutton(root, text='改变文件格式', onvalue=1, offvalue=0, variable=self.fstatus, command=self.OnCheckF)
        self.checkF.place(x=5, y=120)
 
 
        frame = tkinter.Frame(root, )
        frame.place(x=10, y=150)
        self.rBmp = tkinter.Radiobutton(frame, variable=self.Image, value='.bmp', text='BMP', state=tkinter.DISABLED)
        self.rBmp.pack(anchor='w')
        self.rJpg = tkinter.Radiobutton(frame, variable=self.Image, value='.jpg', text='JPG', state=tkinter.DISABLED)
        self.rJpg.pack(anchor='w')
        self.rPng = tkinter.Radiobutton(frame, variable=self.Image, value='.png', text='PNG', state=tkinter.DISABLED)
        self.rPng.pack(anchor='w')
        self.rGif = tkinter.Radiobutton(frame, variable=self.Image, value='.gif', text='GIF', state=tkinter.DISABLED)
        self.rGif.pack(anchor='w')
        self.ButtonCov = tkinter.Button(root, text='转换格式', command=self.Conv, )
        self.ButtonCov.place(x=120, y=180)
        self.statusLabel = tkinter.Label(root, textvariable=self.status, fg='red')
        self.statusLabel.place(x=80, y=220)
 
 
 
 
    def OnCheckM(self):
        if not self.mstatus.get():
            self.entryDir.config(state=tkinter.DISABLED)
            self.entryFile.config(state=tkinter.NORMAL)
            self.BrowserFileButton.config(state=tkinter.NORMAL)
            self.BrowserDirButton.config(state=tkinter.DISABLED)
        else:
            self.entryDir.config(state=tkinter.NORMAL)
            self.entryFile.config(state=tkinter.DISABLED)
            self.BrowserFileButton.config(state=tkinter.DISABLED)
            self.BrowserDirButton.config(state=tkinter.NORMAL)
 
 
    def OnCheckF(self):
        if not self.fstatus.get():
            self.rBmp.config(state=tkinter.DISABLED)
            self.rPng.config(state=tkinter.DISABLED)
            self.rJpg.config(state=tkinter.DISABLED)
            self.rGif.config(state=tkinter.DISABLED)
        else:
            self.rBmp.config(state=tkinter.NORMAL)
            self.rPng.config(state=tkinter.NORMAL)
            self.rJpg.config(state=tkinter.NORMAL)
            self.rGif.config(state=tkinter.NORMAL)
 
 
    def BrowserFile(self):
        file = tkinter.filedialog.askopenfilename(title='Python player', filetypes=[('JPG', '*.jpg'), ('BMP', '*.bmp'), ('GIF', '*.gif'), ('PNG', '*.png')])
        if file:
            self.entryFile.delete(0, tkinter.END)
            self.entryFile.insert(tkinter.END, file)
 
    def BrowserDir(self):
        directory = tkinter.filedialog.askdirectory(title='Python')
        if directory:
            self.entryDir.delete(0, tkinter.END)
            self.entryDir.insert(tkinter.END, directory)
 
 
    def make(self, file, format=None):
        im = Image.open(file)
        mode = im.mode
        if mode not in('L', 'RGB'):
            im = im.convert('RGB')
        width, height = im.size
        s = self.entryNew.get()
        if s == '':
            tkinter.messagebox.showerror('出错啦', '请输入百分比')
            return
        else:
            n = int(s)
        nwidth = int(width*n/100)
        nheight = int(height*n/100)
        thumb = im.resize((nwidth, nheight), Image.ANTIALIAS)
        if format:
            thumb.save(file[:(len(file)-4)] + '_thumb' + format)
        else:
            thumb.save(file[:(len(file)-4)] + '_thumb' + file[-4:])
 
 
    def Conv(self):
        n = 0
        if self.mstatus.get():
            path = self.entryDir.get()
            if path == "":
                tkinter.messagebox.showerror('出错啦', '请选择路径')
                return
            filenames = os.listdir(path)
            if self.fstatus.get():
                f = self.Image.get()
                print(f)
                for filename in filenames:
                    if filename[-3:] in ('bmp', 'jpg', 'gif', 'png'):
                        self.make(path+'/'+filename, f)
                        n += 1
            else:
                for filename in filenames:
                    if filename[-3:] in ('bmp', 'jpg', 'gif', 'png'):
                        self.make(path+'/'+filename)
                        n += 1
        else:
            file = self.entryFile.get()
            if file == '':
                tkinter.messagebox.showerror('出错啦', '请选择文件')
                return
            if self.fstatus.get():
                f = self.Image.get()
                self.make(file, f)
                n += 1
            else:
                self.make(file)
                n += 1
        self.status.set('成功转换 %d 张图片' % n)
        
    def mainloop(self):
        self.root.minsize(280, 270)
        self.root.maxsize(280, 250)
        self.root.title('图片转换')
        self.root.mainloop()
 
if __name__ == "__main__":
    window = Window()
    window.mainloop()

---

4.实现聊天窗口

import tkinter
from tkinter import *
import time

root=Tk()
root.title("ergou")
# root.geometry("650x750")

#定义函数
def msgsend():
    msg = '我'+time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S',time.localtime())+'\n'
    msg_list.insert(END,msg,'green') #添加时间
    msg_list.insert(END,sen_msg.get('0.0',END)) #获取发送消息，添加文本到消息列表
    sen_msg.delete('0.0',END) #清空发送消息
 
'''定义取消发送 消息 函数'''
def cancel():
    msg_list.delete('0.0',END) #取消发送消息，即清空发送消息
 

#定义大框架
f_msg=tkinter.Frame(width=300,height=300)
msg_sen=tkinter.Frame(width=300,height=300)
f_bottom=tkinter.Frame(width=300,height=100)
f_img=tkinter.Frame(width=100,height=700)

#给框架里添加标签
msg_list=tkinter.Text(f_msg)
msg_list.tag_config('green',foreground='blue')

sen_msg=tkinter.Text(msg_sen)
bt_send=tkinter.Button(f_bottom,text='send',command=msgsend)
bt_cancel=tkinter.Button(f_bottom,text='cancel',command=cancel)

pic=PhotoImage(file=r'img2/a.gif')
img=tkinter.Label(f_img,image=pic)
# img.image = pic
pic2=PhotoImage(file=r'img2/g.gif')
img2=tkinter.Label(f_img,image=pic2)


msg_list.grid()
sen_msg.grid()
bt_send.grid(row=0,column=0)
bt_cancel.grid(row=0,column=1)
img.grid()
img2.grid(ipady=8)

f_msg.grid(row=0,column=0)
msg_sen.grid(row=1,column=0)
f_bottom.grid(row=2,column=0)
f_img.grid(row=0,column=1,rowspan=3,sticky='n')

root.mainloop()

界面显示：

---

5.访问本地选择一张图片并展示

import tkinter
import tkinter.filedialog
top = tkinter.Tk()
top.title = 'new'
top.geometry('640x480')
 
def choose_fiel():
    selectFileName = tkinter.filedialog.askopenfilename(title='选择文件')  # 选择文件
    e.set(selectFileName)

e = tkinter.StringVar()
e_entry = tkinter.Entry(top, width=68, textvariable=e)
e_entry.pack()

submit_button = tkinter.Button(top, text ="选择文件", command = choose_fiel)
submit_button.pack()

from PIL import Image, ImageTk
def showImg(img1):
    load = Image.open(img1)
    render = ImageTk.PhotoImage(load)
 
    img = tkinter.Label(image=render)
    img.image = render
    img.pack()
 
submit_button = tkinter.Button(top, text ="显示图片", command = lambda :showImg(showImg(e_entry.get())))
submit_button.pack()
top.mainloop()