更新时间: 2018-6-6
在程序开发过程之中, 我们总是希望模块化处理某一类相似的事情。 在 ezbuy 开发中, 我接触到了对于 URL 处理的优秀的代码, 学习、改进、记录下来。希望对你有所帮助。
对于 URL 处理, 我将分为两个部分来说明:
- URL Handle in Swift (一) - URL 分解;
- URL Handle in Swift (二) - 响应链处理 URL 。
一、 URL 格式分析
URL(Uniform Resource Locator) 全称为“统一资源定位符”, 有时也被俗称为网页地址（网址)
URL标准格式如下:
截取《网络是怎样连接的》的图片来解释一下(图侵删)
实际上, URL的标准格式中, 我们可以通过参数来传递相关的信息, 如 https://www.google.com.hk/search?q=rsenjoyer
二、 iOS 客户端处理 URL
iOS客户端的URL大体可以分为两类:
- 自定义协议的URL, 如: igame://myNote
- 标准的HTTP(S) URL;
理论上你可以自定义任意的协议来构建URL, 响应协议URL。 在 iOS 开发中,你可以来自定义 URL Scheme 来实现应用程序间的通信。 URL Scheme 相关的信息你可以参考URL Schemes 使用详解 以及 Inter-App Communication。
对于标准的 HTTP(S) URL,不同的URL有着不一样的处理的方式。如:大多情况下, 应用程序受到一个URL就直接用 WKWebView 或者 UIWebView 直接打开; 但处理 Universal Link是需要打开应用程序内对应的页面等。
根据需求, 可以设计出如下的结构图:
不同的URL通过Bridge最终都转换为 “统一”的 Instruction, Instruction保存着 URL所有的信息, “Handler”通过 Instruction的信息执行不一样的处理。
Talk is Cheap， Show me the code!!
2.1 Bridge代码的实现
Bridge 根据URL的不同而转换成 Instruction。
//
// IGBridge.swift
// eziNode
//
// Created by enjoy on 2018/4/9.
// Copyright © 2018年 enjoy. All rights reserved.
//
import Foundation
protocol IGBridge {
func bridgeToIG(from url: URL?) -> IGInstruction?
func bridgeToURL(from instruction: IGInstruction?) -> URL?
}
class IGameAppURLBridge: IGBridge {
private static let iGameAppScheme = "igame"
static let `default` = IGameAppURLBridge()
func bridgeToIG(from url: URL?) -> IGInstruction? {
guard let url = url else { return nil }
guard let urlComponents = URLComponents(url: url, resolvingAgainstBaseURL: true), urlComponents.scheme?.lowercased() == IGameAppURLBridge.iGameAppScheme else { return nil }
guard let host = urlComponents.host else { return nil }
let queries = makeDictionary(fromQueryItems: urlComponents.queryItems)
let components = urlComponents.path.components(separatedBy: "/").filter { !$0.isEmpty }
let instruction = IGInstruction(type: IGInstructionType(identifier: host), components: components, queryItems: queries, bridge: self)
return instruction
}
func bridgeToURL(from instruction: IGInstruction?) -> URL? {
// 转换为 URL
}
}
class HttpWebURLBridge: IGBridge {
// HttpWebURLBridge 的实现
}
class UniversalLinURLBridge: IGBridge {
// UniversalLinURLBridge 的实现
}
2.2 Instruction代码实现
“Instruction”需要包含着 URL 完整的以及需要怎样被处理. 客户端所支持的 URL 类型实际上可以用一个枚举来列出。
import Foundation
// 客户端支持的URL 类型
public enum IGInstructionType: String {
case specialExercise
case examinationPaper
case redoWrong
case collection
case myNote
case refreshQuestionSet
case unKnown
init(identifier: String?) {
guard let identifier = identifier else { self = .unKnown; return }
switch identifier {
case IGInstructionType.specialExercise.rawValue:
self = .specialExercise
case IGInstructionType.examinationPaper.rawValue:
self = .examinationPaper
case IGInstructionType.redoWrong.rawValue:
self = .redoWrong
case IGInstructionType.collection.rawValue:
self = .collection
case IGInstructionType.myNote.rawValue:
self = .myNote
case IGInstructionType.refreshQuestionSet.rawValue:
self = .refreshQuestionSet
default:
self = .unKnown
}
}
}
struct IGInstruction {
let type: IGInstructionType
let components: [String]
var path: String {
return self.components.isEmpty ? "" : ([""] + self.components).joined(separator: "/")
}
let queryItems: [String: String]
var bridge: IGBridge?
init(type: IGInstructionType, components: [String] = [], queryItems: [String: String] = [:], bridge: IGBridge? = nil ) {
self.type = type
self.components = components
self.queryItems = queryItems
self.bridge = bridge
}
}
extension IGInstruction {
// Options 下面会提到
init?(url: URL?, options: IGURLBridgeOptionsInfo = [.iGameApp]) {
if let bridge = options.iGameAppUrlBridge, let ins = bridge.bridgeToIG(from: url) {
self = ins
return
}
if let bridge = options.httpWebUrlBridge, let ins = bridge.bridgeToIG(from: url) {
self = ins
return
}
if let bridge = options.universalUrlBridge, let ins = bridge.bridgeToIG(from: url) {
self = ins
return
}
return nil
}
}
extension IGInstruction {
var url: URL? {
return self.bridge?.bridgeToURL(from: self)
}
}
2.3 Options 可选值
import Foundation
typealias IGURLBridgeOptionsInfo = [IGURLBridgeInfoItem]
enum IGURLBridgeInfoItem {
case iGameApp
case httpWeb
case universalLink
}
precedencegroup ItemComparisonPrecedence {
associativity: none
higherThan: LogicalConjunctionPrecedence
}
infix operator <== : ItemComparisonPrecedence
func <== (lhs: IGURLBridgeInfoItem, rhs: IGURLBridgeInfoItem) -> Bool {
switch (lhs, rhs) {
case (.iGameApp, .iGameApp): return true
case (.httpWeb, .httpWeb): return true
case (.universalLink, .universalLink): return true
default: return false
}
}
extension Collection where Iterator.Element == IGURLBridgeInfoItem {
func lastMatchIgnoringAssociatedValue(_ target: Iterator.Element) -> Iterator.Element? {
return reversed().first { $0 <== target }
}
func removeAllMatchesIgnoringAssociatedValue(_ target: Iterator.Element) -> [Iterator.Element] {
return filter { !($0 <== target) }
}
}
extension Collection where Iterator.Element == IGURLBridgeInfoItem {
var iGameAppUrlBridge: IGameAppURLBridge? {
if let item = lastMatchIgnoringAssociatedValue(.iGameApp),
case .iGameApp = item
{
return IGameAppURLBridge.default
}
return nil
}
var httpWebUrlBridge: HttpWebURLBridge? {
if let item = lastMatchIgnoringAssociatedValue(.httpWeb),
case .httpWeb = item
{
return HttpWebURLBridge.default
}
return nil
}
var universalUrlBridge: UniversalLinURLBridge? {
if let item = lastMatchIgnoringAssociatedValue(.universalLink),
case .universalLink = item
{
return UniversalLinURLBridge.default
}
return nil
}
}
AppDelegate实现
iOS AppDelegate 默认是一个全局的单例,因此可以将其设置为处理的入口;
@objc static let current: AppDelegate = UIApplication.shared.delegate as! AppDelegate
@discardableResult
func handleIGURL(_ url: URL, httpConvertible: Bool = true) -> Bool {
guard let instruction = IGInstruction(url: url, options: httpConvertible ? [.iGameApp, .httpWeb] : [.iGameApp]) else { return false }
return handleIGInstruction(instruction)
}
func handleIGInstruction(_ ins: IGInstruction) -> Bool {
switch ins.type {
case .specialExercise, .examinationPaper, .redoWrong, .collection, .myNote, .refreshQuestionSet:
print("handler --- \(ins.type.rawValue) 类型数据")
default:
break
}
return true
}
}