Java：ThreadPoolExecutor解析续--Executors

简介

Eexecutor作为灵活且强大的异步执行框架，其支持多种不同类型的任务执行策略，提供了一种标准的方法将任务的提交过程和执行过程解耦开发，基于生产者-消费者模式，其提交任务的线程相当于生产者，执行任务的线程相当于消费者，并用Runnable来表示任务，Executor的实现还提供了对生命周期的支持，以及统计信息收集，应用程序管理机制和性能监视等机制。

Executors：提供了一系列静态工厂方法用于创建各种线程池

Executors：通过ThreadFactory创建工作线程

ThreadFactory

接口ThreadFactory为产生线程的工厂

public interface ThreadFactory {
    Thread newThread(Runnable r);
}

具体实现类

DefaultThreadFactory

    static class DefaultThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory {
        private static final AtomicInteger poolNumber = new AtomicInteger(1);
        private final ThreadGroup group;
        private final AtomicInteger threadNumber = new AtomicInteger(1);
        private final String namePrefix;

        DefaultThreadFactory() {
            SecurityManager s = System.getSecurityManager();
            group = (s != null) ? s.getThreadGroup() :
                                  Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup();
            //线程Name前缀
            namePrefix = "pool-" +
                          poolNumber.getAndIncrement() +
                         "-thread-";
        }

        public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
            Thread t = new Thread(group, r,
                                  namePrefix + threadNumber.getAndIncrement(),
                                  0);
            //设置为非守护线程
            if (t.isDaemon())
                t.setDaemon(false);
            if (t.getPriority() != Thread.NORM_PRIORITY)
                t.setPriority(Thread.NORM_PRIORITY);
            return t;
        }
    }

PrivilegedThreadFactory

    //创建的新线程与当前线程具有相同的权限
    static class PrivilegedThreadFactory extends DefaultThreadFactory {
        private final AccessControlContext acc;
        private final ClassLoader ccl;

        PrivilegedThreadFactory() {
            super();
            SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
            if (sm != null) {
                // Calls to getContextClassLoader from this class
                // never trigger a security check, but we check
                // whether our callers have this permission anyways.
                sm.checkPermission(SecurityConstants.GET_CLASSLOADER_PERMISSION);

                // Fail fast
                sm.checkPermission(new RuntimePermission("setContextClassLoader"));
            }
            this.acc = AccessController.getContext();
            this.ccl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
        }

        public Thread newThread(final Runnable r) {
            return super.newThread(new Runnable() {
                public void run() {
                    AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Void>() {
                        public Void run() {
                            Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(ccl);
                            r.run();
                            return null;
                        }
                    }, acc);
                }
            });
        }
    }

RejectedExecutionHandler

在使用线程池并且使用有界队列的时候，如果队列满了，任务添加到线程池的时候就会有问题，可以指定处理策略。

public interface RejectedExecutionHandler {
    void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor executor);
}

针对这些问题java线程池提供了以下几种策略：

• AbortPolicy

该策略是线程池的默认策略。使用该策略时，如果线程池队列满了丢掉这个任务并且抛出RejectedExecutionException异常。

 public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
            //不做任何处理，直接抛出异常
            throw new RejectedExecutionException("Task " + r.toString() +
                                                 " rejected from " +
                                                 e.toString());
        }

• DiscardPolicy

这个策略和AbortPolicy的slient版本，如果线程池队列满了，会直接丢掉这个任务并且不会有任何异常。

   public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
        	//就是一个空的方法
        }

• DiscardOldestPolicy

这个策略从字面上也很好理解，丢弃最老的。也就是说如果队列满了，会将最早进入队列的任务删掉腾出空间，再尝试加入队列。
因为队列是队尾进，队头出，所以队头元素是最老的，因此每次都是移除对头元素后再尝试入队。

        public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
            if (!e.isShutdown()) {
            	//移除队头元素
                e.getQueue().poll();
                //再尝试入队
                e.execute(r);
            }
        }

• CallerRunsPolicy

使用此策略，如果添加到线程池失败，那么主线程会自己去执行该任务，不会等待线程池中的线程去执行。就像是个急脾气的人，我等不到别人来做这件事就干脆自己干。

public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
            if (!e.isShutdown()) {
                //直接执行run方法
                r.run();
            }
        }

• 自定义

如果以上策略都不符合业务场景，那么可以自己定义一个拒绝策略，只要实现RejectedExecutionHandler接口，并且实现rejectedExecution方法就可以了。具体的逻辑就在rejectedExecution方法里去定义就OK了。

线程池创建

newFixedThreadPool

创建可重用且固定线程数的线程池，如果线程池中的所有线程都处于活动状态，此时再提交任务就在队列中等待，直到有可用线程；如果线程池中的某个线程由于异常而结束时，线程池就会再补充一条新线程。

//corePoolSize==maximumPoolSize
public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads) {
    return new ThreadPoolExecutor(
    nThreads,
    nThreads,
    0L, 
    TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
    //使用一个基于FIFO排序的阻塞队列，在所有corePoolSize线程都忙时新任务将在队列中等待
     new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>()
);
}

newSingleThreadExecutor

创建一个单线程的Executor，如果该线程因为异常而结束就新建一条线程来继续执行后续的任务

//corePoolSize和maximumPoolSize都等于，表示固定线程池大小为1
public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor() {
   return new FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService
                     //corePoolSize和maximumPoolSize都等于，表示固定线程池大小为1
                        (new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 
                                                1,
                                                0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                                                new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>()));

newScheduledThreadPool

创建一个可延迟执行或定期执行的线程池

    public static ScheduledExecutorService newScheduledThreadPool(int corePoolSize) {
        return new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(corePoolSize);
    }


    public ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize) {
        super(corePoolSize, Integer.MAX_VALUE, 0, NANOSECONDS,
              new DelayedWorkQueue());
    }

newCachedThreadPool

创建可缓存的线程池，如果线程池中的线程在60秒未被使用就将被移除，在执行新的任务时，当线程池中有之前创建的可用线程就重      用可用线程，否则就新建一条线程

public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool() {
    return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE,
                                  60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
                                  //使用同步队列，将任务直接提交给线程
                                  new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>());
}

扩展ExecutorService

DelegatedExecutorService

代理模式，封装其他ExecutorService，仅封装需要的方法

   static class DelegatedExecutorService extends AbstractExecutorService {
        private final ExecutorService e;
        DelegatedExecutorService(ExecutorService executor) { e = executor; }
        public void execute(Runnable command) { e.execute(command); }
        public void shutdown() { e.shutdown(); }
        public List<Runnable> shutdownNow() { return e.shutdownNow(); }
        public boolean isShutdown() { return e.isShutdown(); }
        public boolean isTerminated() { return e.isTerminated(); }
        public boolean awaitTermination(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
            throws InterruptedException {
            return e.awaitTermination(timeout, unit);
        }
        public Future<?> submit(Runnable task) {
            return e.submit(task);
        }
        public <T> Future<T> submit(Callable<T> task) {
            return e.submit(task);
        }
        public <T> Future<T> submit(Runnable task, T result) {
            return e.submit(task, result);
        }
        public <T> List<Future<T>> invokeAll(Collection<? extends Callable<T>> tasks)
            throws InterruptedException {
            return e.invokeAll(tasks);
        }
        public <T> List<Future<T>> invokeAll(Collection<? extends Callable<T>> tasks,
                                             long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
            throws InterruptedException {
            return e.invokeAll(tasks, timeout, unit);
        }
        public <T> T invokeAny(Collection<? extends Callable<T>> tasks)
            throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
            return e.invokeAny(tasks);
        }
        public <T> T invokeAny(Collection<? extends Callable<T>> tasks,
                               long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
            throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
            return e.invokeAny(tasks, timeout, unit);
        }
    }

FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService

DelegatedExecutorService的子类，实现finalize方法。

    static class FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService
        extends DelegatedExecutorService {
        FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService(ExecutorService executor) {
            super(executor);
        }
        protected void finalize() {
            super.shutdown();
        }
    }

DelegatedScheduledExecutorService

DelegatedExecutorService的子类，实现schedule方法。

   static class DelegatedScheduledExecutorService
            extends DelegatedExecutorService
            implements ScheduledExecutorService {
        private final ScheduledExecutorService e;
        DelegatedScheduledExecutorService(ScheduledExecutorService executor) {
            super(executor);
            e = executor;
        }
        public ScheduledFuture<?> schedule(Runnable command, long delay, TimeUnit unit) {
            return e.schedule(command, delay, unit);
        }
        public <V> ScheduledFuture<V> schedule(Callable<V> callable, long delay, TimeUnit unit) {
            return e.schedule(callable, delay, unit);
        }
        public ScheduledFuture<?> scheduleAtFixedRate(Runnable command, long initialDelay, long period, TimeUnit unit) {
            return e.scheduleAtFixedRate(command, initialDelay, period, unit);
        }
        public ScheduledFuture<?> scheduleWithFixedDelay(Runnable command, long initialDelay, long delay, TimeUnit unit) {
            return e.scheduleWithFixedDelay(command, initialDelay, delay, unit);
        }
    }