更换Ubuntu默认源为国内源

安装Ubuntu后，使用国外源太慢了，修改为国内源会快很多。

1、修改过程

1.1 备份

备份/etc/apt/sources.list，命令如下：

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

1.2 修改Ubuntu的源列表

修改 /etc/apt/sources.list 文件下的列表，特别需要说明的是这些列表和当前的Ubuntu系统的版本有关，不同版本使用不同的配置。例如：

1.2.1 官方中国 Ubuntu 18.04 更新源

deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

1.2.2 官方中国 Ubuntu 16.04 更新源

deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
##测试版源
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse


# 源码
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
##测试版源
deb-src http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial-proposed main restricted universe multiverse


# Canonical 合作伙伴和附加
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu/ xenial partner
deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main

1.3 最后执行更新源命令

更新源命令如下：

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

2、国内比较有名的Ubuntu镜像网站

可将官方中国 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ 替换为下面任意的服务器：

• 阿里云
  http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/
  Ubuntu 18.04 更新源如下：

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

• 网易
  http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/
  Ubuntu 18.04 更新源如下：

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

• 搜狐
  http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/

教育网

• 中科大
  https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ (v4/v6)
  http://mirrors4.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ (v4)
  http://mirrors6.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ (v6)

• 中科院 OpenCAS
  http://mirrors.opencas.cn/ubuntu/

• 清华
  http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ (v4/v6) http://mirrors.4.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ (v4) http://mirrors.6.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ (v6)

• 上海交通大学
  http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ (v4/v6)
  http://ftp6.sjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ (v6)

3、参考资料

• Ubuntu 16.04 source
  http://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/模板:16.04source

• Ubuntu 18.04修改默认源为国内源
  https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2018-08/153709.htm