接口
RESTful规范
restful规范面试总结
'''
1.url链接设计：采用https方式，有api关键字，有版本需要明确版本，请求链接用名词来表示资源，具体的操作方式采用请求方式来确定
2.url响应数据设计：需要明确 状态码、错误信息、成功结果，子资源一般用子资源的接口来标注
'''
原生简易书写TESTful规范接口
# 路由层
from app import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^books/', views.books),
]
# 视图层
from django.http import JsonResponse
book_list = [{'id': 1, 'name': '红楼梦'}, {'id': 2, 'name': '水浒传'}]
def books(request):
if request.method == "GET":
if 'ak' not in request.GET:
return JsonResponse({
'status': '101',
'msg': 'ak不存在'
}, json_dumps_params={'ensure_ascii': False})
ak = request.GET.get('ak')
if ak != '123abc':
return JsonResponse({
'status': '200',
'msg': 'ak非法'
}, json_dumps_params={'ensure_ascii': False})
return JsonResponse({
'status': '0',
'msg': 'ok',
'results': book_list
}, json_dumps_params={'ensure_ascii': False})
if request.method == 'POST':
name = request.POST.get('name')
if not name:
return JsonResponse({
'status': '101',
'msg': '参数不合法',
}, json_dumps_params={'ensure_ascii': False})
id = len(book_list) + 1
book = {'id': id, 'name': name}
book_list.append(book)
return JsonResponse({
'status': '0',
'msg': 'ok',
'results': book
}, json_dumps_params={'ensure_ascii': False})
cbv流程
"""
1) as_view()
-- Users.as_view()本质拿到view(request, *args, **kwargs)函数对象
2）view(request, *args, **kwargs)
-- return self.dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)来完成请求的反射
3）dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
-- 完成具体的请求响应的分发
# 注：重写dispatch是可以在分发响应时，加入其它逻辑限制
"""
drf安装
drf的安装步骤
drf具体的使用
# 路由层
from app import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^teachers/', views.Teachers.as_view()),
]
# 视图层
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
class Teachers(APIView):
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
salary = request.GET.get('salary')
print(salary)
return Response({
'status': 2,
'msg': 'get请求成功',
})
# 前台发送数据的方式：formdate | urlencoded | json
# drf的request都对其二次封装解析到request.data中
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
salary = request.data.get('salary')
print(salary)
return Response({
'status': 2,
'msg': 'post请求成功',
})
drf 的 请求源码分析
# as_view()
# 核心走了父类as_view
view = super(APIView, cls).as_view(**initkwargs)
# 返回的是局部禁用csrf认证的view视图函数
return csrf_exempt(view)
# dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs)
# 二次封装request对象
request = self.initialize_request(request, *args, **kwargs)
# 自定义request规则
self.initial(request, *args, **kwargs)
# initialize_request(self, request, *args, **kwargs)
# 原生request封装在request._request
# initial(self, request, *args, **kwargs)
# 认证
self.perform_authentication(request)
# 权限
self.check_permissions(request)
# 频率
self.check_throttles(request)
# 在drf的request.py的模块中，对django的request进行二次封装
def __getattr__(self, attr):
try:
return getattr(self._request, attr)
except AttributeError:
return self.__getattribute__(attr)
# 完成对django的request完全兼容
drf序列化
# models.py
class Students(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
age = models.IntegerField()
gender = models.CharField(max_length=8)
def __str__(self):
return 'Student: %s' % self.name
# 自定义序列化类：为具体的类提供序列化
# my_serializer.py
from rest_framework import serializers
class StudentSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
# 1.如果没有source引入models的字段名，序列化字段名必须同models的字段名
# 2.如果有source引入models的字段名，序列化字段名必须不同于models的字段名，目的是对外隐藏数据库的字段名
id = serializers.IntegerField()
stu_name = serializers.CharField(source='name')
age = serializers.IntegerField()
gender = serializers.CharField()
# views.py
from app import models
from app.my_serializer import StudentSerializer
class Students(APIView):
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
stus = models.Students.objects.all()
# 需要序列化多个对象，需要明确many=True
stu_ser = StudentSerializer(stus, many=True)
print(stus)
return Response({
'status': 0,
'msg': 'ok',
'results': stu_ser.data
})
# urls.py
from app import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^students/', views.Students.as_view()),
]
序列化