python3 excel基本操作及格式设置

#encoding=utf-8
'''
excel基本操作整理
'''
#openpyxl 版本2.5.4
from openpyxl import *
import datetime as dt
from datetime import datetime as dtt

#新建create_sheet、copy_worksheet

wb=Workbook()
wb.create_sheet('新创建sheet')

ws=wb.active
print(ws.title)
ws.title='测试用例'

ws1=wb.copy_worksheet(ws)
ws1.title='测试步骤'
print(ws1.title)
ws1.sheet_properties.tabColor='FF3030'  #设置sheet标签颜色

ws2=wb.copy_worksheet(ws1)
ws2.title='测试数据'

#新建sheet，设置了位置2
wb.create_sheet('第三个位置sheet',2)

#sheet写入数据

ws['A2']='大家好'
ws['B4']=dtt.now()
ws.append(['nihao','wohao','heihei123',4,5,6])

wb.save('f:\\pylianxi\\test\\test.xlsx')


#加载已存在的excel

wb=load_workbook('f:\\pylianxi\\test\\test.xlsx')

print('load active_sheet:',wb.active.title)
print(wb.sheetnames)
print('测试数据的标题:',wb['测试数据'].title)

for i in wb['测试用例'].rows:
    for j in i:
        print(j.value,end=' ')
    print()

print(type(wb))
print(type(wb['测试用例']))
for sheet in wb:
    print('**',sheet.title)

#使用cell读写单元格
ws=wb['测试用例']

#写入
ws.cell(row=2,column=1).value='大家真的好吗'  #行号和列号从1开始
ws.cell(row=5,column=3,value='设么东东')

wb.save('f:\\pylianxi\\test\\test.xlsx')

#读
print('ws.cell(row=2,column=1).value:',ws.cell(row=2,column=1).value)
print('ws.cell(row=5,column=3).value:',ws.cell(5,3).value)

#小练习

for i in range(1,4):
    for j in range(1,4):
        ws.cell(i,j).value=i*j

wb.save('f:\\pylianxi\\test\\test.xlsx')

#可以设置默认打开的sheet页
#wb.active=1 默认是0

#注意 cell的 行列 是从1,1开始的，不是0,0,rows、columns的迭代器都是从0开始的

print('#'*20)
#取某一列
for cell in ws["C"]:
    print (cell.value)

#取多列的值
for i in ws['A':'C']:
#for column in ws["A:C"]:
    for j in i:
        print(j.value)

#按列取
print('*'*20)
for i in ws[1:3]:
    for j in i:
        print(j.value)

print('*'*20)
#指定区域范围取值
for i in ws.iter_rows(min_row=1,max_row=2,min_col=1,max_col=2):
    for j in i:
        print(j.value)

print('*'*20)
print(list(ws.rows)[1:]) #从第2行开始取值
for i in ws.rows:
    print(i)
    for j in i:
        print(j.value)

print('*'*20)
#按列取值
for i in ws.columns:
    for j in i:
        print(j.value,end=' ')
    print()

#获取最大行列，最小行列
print(ws.max_row,ws.min_row,ws.max_column,ws.min_column)

#
print(ws.rows) #行生成器
print(list(ws.rows)[0])#第一行
print(list(ws.rows)[0][0])#第一个单元格
print(list(ws.rows)[0][0].value)#第一个单元格的值

print(ws.columns) #列生成器
print(list(ws.columns)[0])#第一列
print(list(ws.columns)[0][0])#列第一个单元格
print(list(ws.columns)[0][0].value)#列第一个单元格的值


#单元格格式 number_format

import datetime
wb = load_workbook('e:\\sample.xlsx')

ws=wb.active
wb.guess_types = True

ws["A1"]=datetime.datetime(2010, 7, 21)
print (ws["A1"].number_format)

ws["A2"]="12%"
print (ws["A2"].number_format)

ws["A3"]= 1.1
print (ws["A3"].number_format)

ws["A4"]= "中国"
print (ws["A4"].number_format)
# Save the file
wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

#guess_types  猜测单元格的类型

wb=load_workbook('e:\\sample.xlsx')
wb.guess_types=True  #可以猜测 存储的某字段值 是什么类型

ws=wb.active

ws['D2']='12%'  #如果是True 则会按0.12处理，否则会按str处理
print(ws['D2'].value)
print(type(ws['D2'].value))
wb.save('e:\\sample.xlsx')


#单元格输入公式，打开excel会自动计算

ws["A4"] = "=SUM(1, 1)"
ws["A5"] = "=SUM(A1:A3)"

print (ws["A4"].value)  #打印的是公式内容，不是公式计算后的值,程序无法取到计算后的值
print (ws["A5"].value)  #打印的是公式内容，不是公式计算后的值,程序无法取到计算后的值

#合并单元格（2种方式）
#ws.merge_cells('A2:D2')  #合并完了之后取值，按A2取值，B2、C2、D2取不到值
#ws.unmerge_cells('A2:D2')

print("ws['A2'].value:",ws['A2'].value)


#合并单元格区域
ws.merge_cells(start_row=1,start_column=1,end_row=2,end_column=4)
ws.unmerge_cells(start_row=1,start_column=1,end_row=2,end_column=4)

#单元格插入图片
from openpyxl.drawing.image import Image

img = Image('e:\\Snap1.jpg')
#ws.add_image(img, 'A15')
wb.save('e:\\sample.xlsx')

#设置单元格字体
from openpyxl.styles import colors
from openpyxl.styles import Font

ft=Font(name="楷体",color=colors.BLUE,size=20,bold=True,underline="single",family=1) 

ws['A1'].font=ft
ws['A1']='你好吗哈哈'
wb.save('e:\\sample.xlsx')


#比较全面的设置单元格格式

from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.styles import Font
from openpyxl.styles import NamedStyle, Font, Border, Side,PatternFill
from openpyxl.styles import PatternFill, Border, Side, Alignment, Protection, Font

wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active

ft = Font(name=u'微软雅黑',
    size=11,
    bold=False,
    italic=False,
    vertAlign=None,
    underline='none',
    strike=False,
    color='FF000000')

#ft=Font(bold=True, size=20,color= "ff0100")

#fill = PatternFill(fill_type="solid",start_color='FFEEFFFF',end_color='FF001100')
fill = PatternFill("solid", fgColor="DDDDDD")

#边框可以选择的值为：'hair', 'medium', 'dashDot', 'dotted', 'mediumDashDot', 'dashed', 'mediumDashed', 'mediumDashDotDot', 'dashDotDot', 'slantDashDot', 'double', 'thick', 'thin']
#diagonal 表示对角线
bd = Border(left=Side(border_style="thin",
              color='FF001000'),
    right=Side(border_style="thin",
               color='FF110000'),
    top=Side(border_style="thin",
             color='FF110000'),
    bottom=Side(border_style="thin",
                color='FF110000'),
    diagonal=Side(border_style=None,
                  color='FF000000'),
    diagonal_direction=0,
    outline=Side(border_style=None,
                 color='FF000000'),
    vertical=Side(border_style=None,
                  color='FF000000'),
    horizontal=Side(border_style=None,
                   color='FF110000')
                )
#bdline = Side(style='thick', color="000000")
#bd = Border(left=bdline, top=bdline, right=bdline, bottom=bdline)

alignment=Alignment(horizontal='general',
        vertical='bottom',
        text_rotation=0,
        wrap_text=False,
        shrink_to_fit=False,
        indent=0)

number_format = 'General'

protection = Protection(locked=True,hidden=False)

ws["B5"].font = ft
ws["B5"].fill =fill
ws["B5"].border = bd
ws["B5"].alignment = alignment
ws["B5"].number_format = number_format

ws["B5"].value ="glory road"

# Save the file
wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")