配置Linux系统下Oracle的安装环境.
1.检查和更新所需软件包.
# rpm -q binutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common glibc-devel
# rpm -q glibc-headers ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make numactl-devel sysstat
rpm -ivh glibc-common-2.12-1.25.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh kernel-headers-2.6.32-131.0.15.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libgcc-4.4.5-6.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh glibc-2.12-1.25.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libgomp-4.4.5-6.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh nscd-2.12-1.25.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh glibc-headers-2.12-1.25.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh glibc-devel-2.12-1.25.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh mpfr-2.4.1-6.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh ppl-0.10.2-11.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh cloog-ppl-0.15.7-1.2.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh cpp-4.4.5-6.el6.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh gcc-4.4.5-6.el6.x86_64.rpm
2.验证系统要求
查看内存大小
# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
查看磁盘空间，Oracle 11g R2 x64企业版的磁盘空间要求4.35GB以上。
# df -h
3.创建Oracle组和用户帐户
# groupadd oinstall
# groupadd dba
# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
# passwd oracle
4.配置内核参数
以root身份登录系统，根据用户指南配置以下参数:
修改文件/etc/sysctl.conf，添加以下内容:
# /etc/sysctl.conf
# for oracle
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
# 官方文档kernel.shmmax = 536870912，实际软件中需要kernel.shmmax = 980742144
kernel.shmmax = 980742144
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
执行以下命令时参数生效:
# /sbin/sysctl -p
修改文件/etc/security/limits.conf，添加以下内容:
# /etc/security/limits.conf
# for oracle
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
5.创建Oracle Base目录:
# mkdir -p /u01/app/
# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/
# chmod -R 775 /u01/app/
6.编辑Oracle用户环境，编辑.bash_profile文件
# su - oracle
$ vi .bash_profile
编辑.bash_profile文件，添加以下内容
# For Oracle
export DISPLAY=:0.0
export TMP=/tmp;
export TMPDIR=$TMP;
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle;
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1;
export ORACLE_SID=sales;
export ORACLE_TERM=xterm;
export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH;
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH;
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib;
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib;
三.安装Oracle软件与数据库
1.安装Oracle软件
将Oracle的安装文件linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip与linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip解压缩.
以oracle用户身份登录系统安装Oracle，为避免出现中文乱码，装装前可以执行export LANG=""，显示英文，
$ export LANG=""
$ cd database
$ ./runInstaller
四.测试运行安装的Oracle系统
数据库安装完后监听器与数据库实例就已启动。执行以下测试监听器与实例.
$ lsnrctl stop
$ lsnrctl start
$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL> connect / as sysdba;
SQL> shutdown
SQL> startup