ip addr 操作ip时需要注意

在高可用，多线路及系统维护的特殊情况下，我们通常会通过”ip addr ” 这一命令来添加一个隐形IP在相应的设备上，但是当我们在一个设备上添加多个ip的时候，删除某个IP的时候尤其要注意，下面通过几个实例来说明，如下

root@localhost ~]# ip addr add 10.1.1.230/24 dev eth0
[root@localhost ~]# ip addr add 10.1.1.231/24 dev eth0
[root@localhost ~]# ip addr show
1: lo: mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:19:b9:ef:44:8b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.16.0.230/24 brd 172.16.0.255 scope global eth0
    inet 10.1.1.230/24 scope global eth0
    inet 10.1.1.231/24 scope global secondary eth0
    inet6 fe80::219:b9ff:feef:448b/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: eth1: mtu 1500 qdisc noop qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:19:b9:ef:44:8d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
4: sit0: mtu 1480 qdisc noop
    link/sit 0.0.0.0 brd 0.0.0.0
[root@localhost ~]#

当删除10.1.1.230时，10.1.1.231 同时被删除，如下

[root@localhost ~]# ip addr del 10.1.1.230/24 dev eth0
[root@localhost ~]# ip addr show
1: lo: mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:19:b9:ef:44:8b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.16.0.230/24 brd 172.16.0.255 scope global eth0
    inet6 fe80::219:b9ff:feef:448b/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: eth1: mtu 1500 qdisc noop qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:19:b9:ef:44:8d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
4: sit0: mtu 1480 qdisc noop
    link/sit 0.0.0.0 brd 0.0.0.0
[root@localhost ~]#


[root@localhost ~]# ip addr add 10.1.1.230/24 dev eth0
[root@localhost ~]# ip addr add 10.1.1.231/24 dev eth0
[root@localhost ~]# ip addr show
1: lo: mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:19:b9:ef:44:8b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.16.0.230/24 brd 172.16.0.255 scope global eth0
    inet 10.1.1.230/24 scope global eth0
    inet 10.1.1.231/24 scope global secondary eth0
    inet6 fe80::219:b9ff:feef:448b/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: eth1: mtu 1500 qdisc noop qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:19:b9:ef:44:8d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
4: sit0: mtu 1480 qdisc noop
    link/sit 0.0.0.0 brd 0.0.0.0

当删除 10.1.1.231时，10.1.1.230 还在

[root@localhost ~]# ip addr del 10.1.1.231/24 dev eth0  
[root@localhost ~]# ip addr show
1: lo: mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:19:b9:ef:44:8b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.16.0.230/24 brd 172.16.0.255 scope global eth0
    inet 10.1.1.230/24 scope global eth0
    inet6 fe80::219:b9ff:feef:448b/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: eth1: mtu 1500 qdisc noop qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:19:b9:ef:44:8d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
4: sit0: mtu 1480 qdisc noop
    link/sit 0.0.0.0 brd 0.0.0.0
[root@localhost ~]#

通过上面我们可以发现，如果删除的时候不小心仔细，可能会酿成悲剧，造成损失。那到底这一现象是怎么产生的呢？

原因是，在linux中只要在一个网卡上配置的ip是同一个网段的，那么它有Primary IP和Secondary address的区分，反之只要不是同一个网段的ip那么都是Primary IP；primary 和secondary 的关系就是一条链上的吊链结构中上面的那条主链中的IP就是Primary IP，Secondary address是主链结点的子链结点中的IP，一旦主链上一个节点被删除了，那么它的子链也将不复存在，随之被删除.

要解决这疑问，可以通过调整一个参数来实现，当一个primary地址被删除时，如果它有secondary地址的话，那么它的第一个secondary地址（长子）继承被删除的primary地址的位置成为primary地址，这样就显得很合理了，要不然在删除 primary地址的时候，如果有程序用secondary地址，那么要么延迟删除，要么程序崩溃；起做法如下：

通过/proc可以配置一个选项，在当前Primary地址被删除时可以将Secondary地址提升为Primary地址，具体命令为：

/sbin/sysctl net.ipv4.conf.eth0.promote_secondaries=1

设置重启后仍然生效的方法：

echo "net.ipv4.conf.eth0.promote_secondaries=1" >>/etc/sysctl.conf

请看下列实例，删除了先前的 scope global 10.1.1.230，inet 10.1.1.232/24 scope global 被提升了

[root@localhost ~]# ip addr del 10.1.1.230/24 dev eth0
[root@localhost ~]# ip addr show
1: lo: mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:19:b9:ef:44:8b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.16.0.230/24 brd 172.16.0.255 scope global eth0
    inet 10.1.1.232/24 scope global eth0
    inet6 fe80::219:b9ff:feef:448b/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: eth1: mtu 1500 qdisc noop qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:19:b9:ef:44:8d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
4: sit0: mtu 1480 qdisc noop
    link/sit 0.0.0.0 brd 0.0.0.0

ip addr 操作ip时需要注意

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