列表，元组与字典类型

列表类型

用途：兴趣爱好，多个朋友

定义方式：[ ]内用逗号隔开多个元素，元素可以是任意数据类型

my_info_list = ['running','reading','fishing','sleeping']
my_info_list2 = list("['running','reading','fishing','sleeping']")
my_info_list3 = list(['running','reading','fishing','sleeping'])

print(my_info_list)
print(my_info_list2)
print(my_info_list3)

['running', 'reading', 'fishing', 'sleeping']
['[', "'", 'r', 'u', 'n', 'n', 'i', 'n', 'g', "'", ',', "'", 'r', 'e', 'a', 'd', 'i', 'n', 'g', "'", ',', "'", 'f', 'i', 's', 'h', 'i', 'n', 'g', "'", ',', "'", 's', 'l', 'e', 'e', 'p', 'i', 'n', 'g', "'", ']']
['running', 'reading', 'fishing', 'sleeping']

常用操作和内置方法：

优先掌握

# 按索引取值（正向取值+反向取值），即可存也可取
my_info_list = ['running','reading','fishing','sleeping']
print(my_info_list[0])
print(my_info_list[-1])

running
sleeping

# 切片
my_info_list = ['running','reading','fishing','sleeping']
print(my_info_list[:])
print(my_info_list[0:2])
print(my_info_list[1:-1:1])

['running', 'reading', 'fishing', 'sleeping']
['running', 'reading']
['reading', 'fishing']

# 长度len
my_info_list = ['running','reading','fishing','sleeping']
print(len(my_info_list))

4

# 成员运算 in o和 not in
my_info_list = ['running','reading','fishing','sleeping']
print('running' in my_info_list)
print(['running','reading','fishing','sleeping']  in my_info_list)

True
False

# 追加append
my_info_list = ['running','reading','fishing','sleeping']
print(my_info_list.append('comic'))
print(my_info_list)

None
['running', 'reading', 'fishing', 'sleeping', 'comic']

# 删除del
my_info_list = ['running','reading','fishing','sleeping']
del my_info_list[-1]
print(my_info_list)

['running', 'reading', 'fishing']

需要掌握

# insert
my_info_list = ['running','reading','fishing','sleeping']
print(my_info_list.insert(2,'comic'))
print(my_info_list)
print(len(my_info_list))

None
['running', 'reading', 'comic', 'fishing', 'sleeping']
5

# pop
my_info_list = ['running','reading','fishing','sleeping']
print(my_info_list.pop(2))
print(my_info_list)

fishing
['running', 'reading', 'sleeping']

# remove
my_info_list = ['running','reading','fishing','sleeping']
print(my_info_list.remove('fishing'))
print(my_info_list)

None
['running', 'reading', 'sleeping']

# count
my_info_list = ['running','reading','fishing','sleeping','sleeping']
print(my_info_list.count('sleeping'))

2

# index
my_info_list = ['running','reading','fishing','sleeping']
print(my_info_list.index('reading'))

1

# clear
my_info_list = ['running','reading','fishing','sleeping']
print(my_info_list.clear())
print(my_info_list)

None
[]

# copy
my_info_list = ['running','reading','fishing','sleeping']
print(my_info_list.copy())
print(my_info_list)

['running', 'reading', 'fishing', 'sleeping']
['running', 'reading', 'fishing', 'sleeping']

# extend
my_info_list = ['running','reading','fishing','sleeping']
print(my_info_list.extend('comic'))
print(my_info_list.extend(['comic']))
print(my_info_list)

None
None
['running', 'reading', 'fishing', 'sleeping', 'c', 'o', 'm', 'i', 'c', 'comic']

# reverse
my_info_list = ['running','reading','fishing','sleeping']
print(my_info_list.reverse())
print(my_info_list)

None
['sleeping', 'fishing', 'reading', 'running']

# sort
lis = ['8','9','3','2','4']
print(lis.sort())
print(lis)
lis.sort(reverse = True )
print(lis)

None
['2', '3', '4', '8', '9']
['9', '8', '4', '3', '2']

存一个值 or 多个值 ：多个

有序 or 无序 : 有序

可变 or 不可变 ： 可变

lis = ['8','9','3','2','4']
print(lis)
print(id(lis))
print(lis.append('5'))
print(lis)
print(id(lis))

['8', '9', '3', '2', '4']
2248225622728
None
['8', '9', '3', '2', '4', '5']
2248225622728

元组类型

用途：兴趣爱好，多个朋友

定义方式：（）内用逗号隔开多个元素，并且元素可以是任意类型

my_info_tuple = ('running','reading','fishing','sleeping')
my_info_tuple2 = tuple("('running','reading','fishing','sleeping')")
my_info_tuple3 = tuple(('running','reading','fishing','sleeping'))
print(my_info_tuple)
print(my_info_tuple2)
print(my_info_tuple3)

('running', 'reading', 'fishing', 'sleeping')
('(', "'", 'r', 'u', 'n', 'n', 'i', 'n', 'g', "'", ',', "'", 'r', 'e', 'a', 'd', 'i', 'n', 'g', "'", ',', "'", 'f', 'i', 's', 'h', 'i', 'n', 'g', "'", ',', "'", 's', 'l', 'e', 'e', 'p', 'i', 'n', 'g', "'", ')')
('running', 'reading', 'fishing', 'sleeping')

常用操作和内置方法：

优先掌握

# 索引
my_info_tuple = ('running','reading','fishing','sleeping')
print(my_info_tuple[0])
print(my_info_tuple[-1])

running
sleeping

# 切片
my_info_tuple = ('running','reading','fishing','sleeping')
print(my_info_tuple[0:2])
print(my_info_tuple[1:-1])

('running', 'reading')
('reading', 'fishing')

# len
my_info_tuple = ('running','reading','fishing','sleeping')
print(len(my_info_tuple))

4

# in 和 not in
my_info_tuple = ('running','reading','fishing','sleeping')
print('read' in my_info_tuple)

False

# 循环
my_info_tuple = ('running','reading','fishing','sleeping')
for i in my_info_tuple :
    print(i)

running
reading
fishing
sleeping

# count
my_info_tuple = ('running','reading','fishing','sleeping')
print(my_info_tuple.count('reading'))

1

# index
my_info_tuple = ('running','reading','fishing','sleeping')
print(my_info_tuple.index('sleeping'))

3

存一个值 or 多个值：多个值

有序 or 无序 ：有序

可变 or 不可变 ： 无这个说法

tup = ('1','3','6')
tup2 = ('2','3','4')
print(tup)
print(id(tup))
print(tup2)
print(id(tup2))

('1', '3', '6')
2248224984088
('2', '3', '4')
2248224981352

列表和元组的区别：列表[ ]可以存也可以取；元组( )只可以取不可以更改，其他一模一样。有元组只是历史遗留问题，现在没这个问题，所以基本上不会用。

字典类型

用途：存多个值，不通过索引取值，可以用关键字找到对应的值

定义方式：{}内以key： value的方式存储多个值，值与值之间用逗号隔开

import random

my_info_list = ['running','reading','fishing','sleeping','comic']
choice_dict = {'running':0,'reading':0,'fishing':0,'sleeping':0,'comic':0}

for i in range(30) :
    choice_dict_name = my_info_list[random.randint(0,4)]
    choice_dict[choice_dict_name] += 1

print(choice_dict)

{'running': 4, 'reading': 9, 'fishing': 1, 'sleeping': 7, 'comic': 9}

常用操作和内置方法：

优先掌握

# 按key存取值：可存可取
info_dict ={'running':1,'reading':4,'fishing':2,'sleeping':3,'comic':7}
print(info_dict['reading'])
print(info_dict['sleeping'] + 6)

4
9

# 长度len
info_dict ={'running':1,'reading':4,'fishing':2,'sleeping':3,'comic':7}
print(len(info_dict))

5

# in 和 not in
info_dict ={'running':1,'reading':4,'fishing':2,'sleeping':3,'comic':7}
print('fishing' in info_dict)
print( 2 in info_dict)

True
False

# del
info_dict ={'running':1,'reading':4,'fishing':2,'sleeping':3,'comic':7}
del info_dict['sleeping']
print(info_dict)

{'running': 1, 'reading': 4, 'fishing': 2, 'comic': 7}

# 键keys()、值values()、键值对items()
info_dict ={'running':1,'reading':4,'fishing':2,'sleeping':3,'comic':7}
print(info_dict.keys())
print(info_dict.values())
print(info_dict.items())

dict_keys(['running', 'reading', 'fishing', 'sleeping', 'comic'])
dict_values([1, 4, 2, 3, 7])
dict_items([('running', 1), ('reading', 4), ('fishing', 2), ('sleeping', 3), ('comic', 7)])

# 循环
info_dict ={'running':1,'reading':4,'fishing':2,'sleeping':3,'comic':7}
for i in info_dict :
    print(i)

running
reading
fishing
sleeping
comic

了解

# get
info_dict ={'running':1,'reading':4,'fishing':2,'sleeping':3,'comic':7}
print(info_dict.get('fishing'))

2

# update 更新，如果有相同的key，则会更新；如果没有相同的key,则会添加
info_dict ={'running':1,'reading':4,'fishing':2,'sleeping':3,'comic':7}
dic = {'singing': 2}
print(info_dict.update(dic))
print(info_dict)
dic = {'singing':3}
print(info_dict.update(dic))
print(info_dict)

None
{'running': 1, 'reading': 4, 'fishing': 2, 'sleeping': 3, 'comic': 7, 'singing': 2}
None
{'running': 1, 'reading': 4, 'fishing': 2, 'sleeping': 3, 'comic': 7, 'singing': 3}

# fromkeys 
info_dict ={'running':1,'reading':4,'fishing':2,'sleeping':3,'comic':7}
dic = info_dict.fromkeys(['running','reading','fishing'],5)
print(dic)

{'running': 5, 'reading': 5, 'fishing': 5}

#  setdefault  # 如果key在字典里，不做任何修改；如果key不在字典里面，添加值

info_dict ={'running':1,'reading':4,'fishing':2,'sleeping':3,'comic':7}
print(info_dict.setdefault('sleeping',5))
print(info_dict)
print(info_dict.setdefault('singing',6))
print(info_dict)

3
{'running': 1, 'reading': 4, 'fishing': 2, 'sleeping': 3, 'comic': 7}
6
{'running': 1, 'reading': 4, 'fishing': 2, 'sleeping': 3, 'comic': 7, 'singing': 6}

存一个值 or 多个值 ：多个值

有序 or无序：无序

可变 or 不可变 ：可变

dic = {'a':1,'b':2}
print(id(dic))
dic.update({'c':1})
print(id(dic))

2248224981856
2248224981856