Spring总结之IOC

一、Spring IOC 简介

IOC(Inverse of control):控制反转，又称作依赖注入，主要是把创建对象和查找依赖对象的控制权交给IOC容器，由IOC容器管理对象的生命周期，是一种重要的面向对象编程的法则来消减计算机程序的耦合问题，是Spring框架的核心。

1、IOC例子说明

业务场景：员工工作，当有一份工作出现时，会有对应的人来做此工作，如果在工作中直接new出员工，这样工作和员工就绑定到一起了，然而正确的场景却不希望这样，工作只负责工作，人员应该由主管来确定。

例子：工作与员工绑定到一起了

//员工张三
public class Zhangsan {
 
    public void doWork() {
        System.out.println("张三开发");
    }
}
 
//工作业务逻辑
public class DoWork {
 
    public void doWork() {
        Zhangsan zs = new Zhangsan();
        zs.doWork();
    }
}
 
public class SpringTest { 
     //开发主管
     @Test
     public void zhuguan() {
         DoWork dw = new DoWork();
         dw.doWork()1;
     }
}

例子：工作安排控制权交给主管

//员工逻辑
public interface Employee {
    void doWork();
}
//员工张三
public class Zhangsan implements Employee{
 
    public void doWork() {
        System.out.println("张三开发");
    }
}
//工作业务逻辑
public class DoWork {
 
    private Employee user;
     
    public void setUser(Employee user) {
        this.user = user;
    }
 
    public void doWork() {
        user.doWork();
    }
}
public class SpringTest {
     //开发主管
     @Test
     public void zhuguan() {
         DoWork dw = new DoWork();
         dw.setUser(new Zhangsan());
         dw.doWork();
     }
}

这个控制由那位员工来开发权利可以交由spring控制，这样工作业务代码和员工就解耦了：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>    
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"    
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"   
    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"  
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"   
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"  
    xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee"  
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"  
    xsi:schemaLocation="    
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd  
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd  
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd  
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-4.0.xsd  
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd">    
     <bean id="zhangsan" class="top.ruandb.entity.Zhangsan"></bean>  
     <bean id="doWork" class="top.ruandb.service.DoWork">
       <property name="user" ref="zhangsan"></property>
     </bean> 
</beans>
public class SpringTest {
 
     ApplicationContext ac ;
      
     @Before
     public void setUp() {
         ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
     }
     @Test
     public void test1() {
         DoWork doWork = (DoWork) ac.getBean("doWork");
         doWork.doWork();
     }
     @After
     public void tearDown() {
         ac = null;
     }
}

2、依赖注入

    依赖注入其实就是控制反转的另一种说法，获得依赖对象的方式被反转了

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>    
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"    
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"   
    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"  
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"   
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"  
    xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee"  
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"  
    xsi:schemaLocation="    
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd  
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd  
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd  
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-4.0.xsd  
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd">  
      <!-- 属性注入 -->   
     <bean id="people" class="top.ruandb.entity.People">
       <property name="name" value="张三"></property>
       <property name="age" value="18"></property>
     </bean> 
      <!-- 构造函数注入；(通过类型) -->    
     <bean id="people1" class="top.ruandb.entity.People">
       <constructor-arg type="String" value="李四"></constructor-arg>
       <constructor-arg type="int" value="18"></constructor-arg>
     </bean>
      <!-- 构造函数注入；(通过索引) --> 
     <bean id="people2" class="top.ruandb.entity.People">
       <constructor-arg index="0" value="王五"></constructor-arg>
       <constructor-arg index="1" value="18"></constructor-arg>
     </bean>
      <!-- 构造函数注入；(类型和索引联合使用) --> 
     <bean id="people3" class="top.ruandb.entity.People">
       <constructor-arg type="String" index="0" value="赵六"></constructor-arg>
       <constructor-arg type="int" index="1" value="18"></constructor-arg>
     </bean>
     <!-- 工厂注入(非静态工厂) -->
     <bean id="peopleFactory" class="top.ruandb.factory.PeopleFactory"></bean>
     <bean id="people4" factory-bean="peopleFactory" factory-method="createPeople"></bean>
     <!-- 工厂注入(静态工厂) -->
     <bean id="people5" class="top.ruandb.factory.PeopleFactory2" factory-method="createPeople"></bean>
     <!-- 注入参数 -->
     <bean id="dog" class="top.ruandb.entity.Dog">
       <property name="name" value="tom"></property>
     </bean>
     <bean id="people6" class="top.ruandb.entity.People">
       <!-- 基本类型值 -->
       <property name="name" value="张三"></property>
       <property name="age" value="18"></property>
       <!-- 注入 bean参数(ref方式) -->
       <property name="dog" ref="dog"></property>
       <!-- 注入 bean参数(内部bean方式) -->
       <property name="cat">
           <bean class="top.ruandb.entity.Cat">
               <property name="name" value="lucy"></property>
           </bean>
       </property>
       <!-- 注入null -->
       <property name="nullString">
           <null></null>
       </property>
       <!-- 注入List -->
       <property name="hobbys">
           <list>
               <value>吃饭</value>
               <value>睡觉</value>
           </list>
       </property>
       <!-- 注入Set -->
       <property name="loves">
           <set>
               <value>上班</value>
               <value>加班</value>
           </set>
       </property>
       <!-- 注入Map -->
       <property name="map">
           <map>
               <entry>
                   <key><value>1</value></key>
                   <value>2</value>
               </entry>
               <entry>
                   <key><value>3</value></key>
                   <value>4</value>
               </entry>
           </map>
       </property>
     </bean>
     <!-- Spring默认的bean都是单例，可以通过配置 prototype ，实现多例.其他类通过某方法获取多例，方法注入 lookup-method -->
     <bean id="dog1" class="top.ruandb.entity.Dog" scope="prototype"></bean>
     <bean id="people6" class="top.ruandb.entity.People">
       <lookup-method name="getDog" bean="dog1"/>
     </bean>
     <!-- bean关系 继承:parent;依赖:depends-on(依赖后会先初始化依赖的类);引用:ref -->
     <bean id="abstractPeople" class="top.ruandb.entity.People" abstract="true">
        <property name="className" value="高三5班"></property>
        <property name="age" value="19"></property>
    </bean>
    <bean id="zhangsan" parent="abstractPeople" depends-on="autority">
        <property name="id" value="1"></property>
        <property name="name" value="张三"></property>
    </bean>
    <bean id="lisi" parent="abstractPeople">
        <property name="id" value="2"></property>
        <property name="name" value="李四"></property>
        <property name="age" value="20"></property>
        <!-- 引用dog -->
        <property name="dog" ref="dog"></property>
    </bean>
    <bean id="autority" class="top.ruandb.entity.Authority"></bean>
     
    <!-- bean的作用范围 scope
        1，singleton Spring ioc 容器中仅有一个 Bean 实例，Bean 以单例的方式存在；
        2，prototype 每次从容器中调用 Bean 时，都返回一个新的实例；
        3，request 每次 HTTP 请求都会创建一个新的 Bean；
        4，session 同一个 HTTP Session 共享一个 Bean；
        5，global session 同一个全局 Session 共享一个 Bean，一般用于 Portlet 应用环境；
        6，application 同一个 Application 共享一个 Bean；
     -->
</beans>