【hard】146. LRU Cache

其实也米有很难……只是c++11的api这么好用的吗

Design and implement a data structure for Least Recently Used (LRU) cache. It should support the following operations: get and put.

get(key) - Get the value (will always be positive) of the key if the key exists in the cache, otherwise return -1.
put(key, value) - Set or insert the value if the key is not already present. When the cache reached its capacity, it should invalidate the least recently used item before inserting a new item.

Follow up:
Could you do both operations in O(1) time complexity?

Example:

LRUCache cache = new LRUCache( 2 /* capacity */ );

cache.put(1, 1);
cache.put(2, 2);
cache.get(1);       // returns 1
cache.put(3, 3);    // evicts key 2
cache.get(2);       // returns -1 (not found)
cache.put(4, 4);    // evicts key 1
cache.get(1);       // returns -1 (not found)
cache.get(3);       // returns 3
cache.get(4);       // returns 4
 
class LRUCache {
public:
    LRUCache(int capacity) {
        size = capacity;
    }
    
    int get(int key) {
        auto it = hash.find(key);
        if (it != hash.end()){ // find
            // it->second移到cache.begin()前面的位置
            cache.splice(cache.begin(), cache, it->second);  
            return it->second->second;  // return value
        }
        else
            return -1;
    }
    
    void put(int key, int value) {
        auto it = hash.find(key);
        if (it != hash.end()){   // find
            it->second->second = value;
            return cache.splice(cache.begin(), cache, it->second);
        }
        cache.insert(cache.begin(), make_pair(key, value));
        hash[key] = cache.begin();
        if (cache.size() > size){
            hash.erase(cache.back().first);
            cache.pop_back();
        }

    }

private:
    // C++ STL中,哈希表对应的容器是 unordered_map(since C++ 11)。根据 C++ 11 标准的推荐,用 unordered_map 代替 hash_map.
    // STL中,map 对应的数据结构是 红黑树。红黑树是一种近似于平衡的二叉查找树,里面的数据是有序的。在红黑树上做查找操作的时间复杂度为 O(logN)。而 unordered_map 对应 哈希表,哈希表的特点就是查找效率高,时间复杂度为常数级别 O(1), 而额外空间复杂度则要高出许多。所以对于需要高效率查询的情况,使用 unordered_map 容器。而如果对内存大小比较敏感或者数据存储要求有序的话,则可以用 map 容器。
    // Lists将元素按顺序储存在链表中. 与 向量(vectors)相比, 它允许快速的插入和删除,但是随机访问却比较慢.
    
    // hash表:存储key
    //unordered_map<int, list<pair(int, int)>::iterator> hash;
    unordered_map<int, list<pair<int, int>>::iterator> hash;
    // 链表:缓存区
    list<pair<int, int>> cache;
    // 缓存区大小
    int size;
    
};

/**
 * Your LRUCache object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * LRUCache* obj = new LRUCache(capacity);
 * int param_1 = obj->get(key);
 * obj->put(key,value);
 */

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转载自www.cnblogs.com/sherry-yang/p/10807406.html