错误解决：pip install --upgrade pip, Could not install packages due to an EnvironmentError

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使用命令：pip install --upgrade pip
发生错误：

Could not install packages due to an EnvironmentError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-18.1.dist-info/INSTALLER'
Consider using the `--user` option or check the permissions.

You are using pip version 18.1, however version 19.0.3 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.

解决方法：加上 --user：pip install --user --upgrade pip

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参考资料：https://blog.csdn.net/a781751136/article/details/80231406