SQL Server on Linux CU就地升降级实践

一、背景

首先sqlserver的升级分为几种：

一是version（从SQL Server 2012（EE）SP4升级到SQL Server 2016（EE）SP2）；
二是Edition （从SQL Server 2014标准版升级到SQL Server 2014企业版）；
三是两种一起升（从SQL Server 2012（SE）升级到SQL Server 2017（EE））
此外，每当您将累积更新（CU）作为常规维护的一部分应用于SQL Server时，您实际上正在进行小型升级。

本文指的是累积更新（CU）升降级

1. 测试环境

操作系统：Oracle Linux Server 7.2

Sqlserver版本：Microsoft SQL Server 2017 (RTM-CU10) (KB4342123) - 14.0.3037.1 (X64)

2. 主要测试场景

1) 升级至最新版本

SQL Server 2017 (CU10) 14.0.3037.1升级至SQL Server 2017 (CU13) 14.0.3048.4 （目前最新的CU版本）

2) 降级至指定版本

SQL Server 2017 (CU13) 14.0.3048.4 降级至SQL Server 2017 (CU11) 14.0.3038.14-2

3) 升级至指定版本

SQL Server 2017 (CU11) 14.0.3038.14-2升级至SQL Server 2017 (CU12) 14.0.3045.24-1

4) 使用rpm进行升/降级

SQL Server 2017 (CU12) 14.0.3045.24-1降级回SQL Server 2017 (CU10) 14.0.3037.1

3. 大致步骤

1) 配置yum repositories

Repository	Version	Command
Preview (2019)	2019	sudo curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/mssql-server.repo https://packages.microsoft.com/config/rhel/7/mssql-server-preview.repo
CU	2017	sudo curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/mssql-server.repo https://packages.microsoft.com/config/rhel/7/mssql-server-2017.repo
GDR	2017	sudo curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/mssql-server.repo https://packages.microsoft.com/config/rhel/7/mssql-server-2017-gdr.repo

2) 备份系统及用户数据库或对服务器做快照

3) 升/降级至指定版本

4) 验证版本与业务数据

4. 注意事项

1) 如果使用yum更新，需要服务器能联网

2) 升降级不影响用户和系统数据库，但最好还是进行备份

3) 官方文档提供的方法只会更新mssql-server包，不更新其余包，注意版本依赖关系

4) 使用yum更新时，更新期间服务不可用，更新完后会自动启动服务

5) 使用rpm更新时，更新期间服务不可用，更新完后需要手动启动服务

6) 更新后二进制命令还是放在/opt/mssql/，可以将该目录加到PATH

7) 之前配置的参数不会改变，可以通过 /var/opt/mssql/mssql.conf查看

8) 降级只支持降到相同主版本

5. 创建测试库和测试表

1> create database test0221;

2> go

1> select name from sys.databases

2> go

name

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

master

tempdb

model

msdb

test0221

(5 rows affected)

1> create table aaa(a int);

2> go

1> insert into aaa values(1);

2> insert into aaa values(2);

3> insert into aaa values(3);

4> go

(1 rows affected)

1> select * from aaa;

2> go

-----------

(3 rows affected)

以下是测试过程的记录

二、升级至最新版本

SQL Server 2017 (CU10) 14.0.3037.1升级至SQL Server 2017 (CU13) 14.0.3048.4 （目前最新的CU版本）

1. 查看当前数据库版本

1> select @@version

2> go

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Microsoft SQL Server 2017 (RTM-CU10) (KB4342123) - 14.0.3037.1 (X64)

Jul 27 2018 09:40:27

Enterprise Edition: Core-based Licensing (64-bit) on Linux (Oracle Linux Server 7.2)

(1 rows affected)

2. 配置yum repositories

curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/mssql-server.repo https://packages.microsoft.com/config/rhel/7/mssql-server-2017.repo

3. 备份业务及系统数据库

4. 检查可用更新

[root@euphe yum.repos.d]# yum check-update mssql-server

Loaded plugins: langpacks, ulninfo

mssql-server.x86_64 14.0.3048.4-1 packages-microsoft-com-mssql-server-2017

查看详细信息

[root@euphe yum.repos.d]# yum info mssql-server

Loaded plugins: langpacks, ulninfo

Installed Packages

Name : mssql-server

Arch : x86_64

Version : 14.0.3037.1

Release : 2

Size : 893 M

Repo : installed

Summary : Microsoft SQL Server Relational Database Engine

License : Commercial

Description : The mssql-server package contains the Microsoft SQL Server Relational

: Database Engine.

Available Packages

Name : mssql-server

Arch : x86_64

Version : 14.0.3048.4

Release : 1

Size : 169 M

Repo : packages-microsoft-com-mssql-server-2017

Summary : Microsoft SQL Server Relational Database Engine

License : Commercial

Description : The mssql-server package contains the Microsoft SQL Server Relational

: Database Engine.

5. 更新mssql-server（这一步会包含下载时间）

[root@euphe yum.repos.d]# yum update mssql-server

Loaded plugins: langpacks, ulninfo

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package mssql-server.x86_64 0:14.0.3037.1-2 will be updated

---> Package mssql-server.x86_64 0:14.0.3048.4-1 will be an update

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

===================================================================================

Package Arch Version Repository Size

===================================================================================

Updating:

mssql-server x86_64 14.0.3048.4-1 packages-microsoft-com-mssql-server-2017 169 M

Transaction Summary

===================================================================================

Upgrade 1 Package

Total download size: 169 M

Is this ok [y/d/N]: y

Downloading packages:

No Presto metadata available for packages-microsoft-com-mssql-server-2017

warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7Server/packages-microsoft-com-mssql-server-2017/packages/mssql-server-14.0.3048.4-1.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID be1229cf: NOKEY

Public key for mssql-server-14.0.3048.4-1.x86_64.rpm is not installed

mssql-server-14.0.3048.4-1.x86_64.rpm | 169 MB 00:05:20

Retrieving key from https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc

Importing GPG key 0xBE1229CF:

Userid : "Microsoft (Release signing) <gpgsecurity@microsoft.com>"

Fingerprint: bc52 8686 b50d 79e3 39d3 721c eb3e 94ad be12 29cf

From : https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc

Is this ok [y/N]: y

Running transaction check

Running transaction test

Transaction test succeeded

Running transaction

Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum.

Updating : mssql-server-14.0.3048.4-1.x86_64 1/2

Cleanup : mssql-server-14.0.3037.1-2.x86_64 2/2

Verifying : mssql-server-14.0.3048.4-1.x86_64 1/2

Verifying : mssql-server-14.0.3037.1-2.x86_64 2/2

Updated:

mssql-server.x86_64 0:14.0.3048.4-1

Complete!

6. 查看新版本

2> select @@version

3> go

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Microsoft SQL Server 2017 (RTM-CU13) (KB4466404) - 14.0.3048.4 (X64)

Nov 30 2018 12:57:58

Enterprise Edition: Core-based Licensing (64-bit) on Linux (Oracle Linux Server 7.2)

(1 rows affected)

7. 验证业务数据

1> select name from sys.databases

2> go

name

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

master

tempdb

model

msdb

test0221

1> select * from aaa;

2> go

-----------

(3 rows affected)

三、降级至指定版本

要将SQL Server回滚或降级到指定的版本，请参考以下步骤：

1. 确定要降级到的SQL Server程序包的版本号。

有关软件包编号的列表，请参阅发行说明。本测试中从SQL Server 2017 (CU13) 14.0.3048.4 降级至SQL Server 2017 (CU11) 14.0.3038.14-2

2. 降级前先备份数据库

3. 降级到指定版本的SQL Server。

[root@euphe lib]# yum downgrade mssql-server-14.0.3038.14-2.x86_64

Loaded plugins: langpacks, ulninfo

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package mssql-server.x86_64 0:14.0.3038.14-2 will be a downgrade

---> Package mssql-server.x86_64 0:14.0.3048.4-1 will be erased

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

===================================================================================

Package Arch Version Repository Size

===================================================================================

Downgrading:

mssql-server x86_64 14.0.3038.14-2 packages-microsoft-com-mssql-server-2017 169 M

Transaction Summary

===================================================================================

Downgrade 1 Package

Total download size: 169 M

Is this ok [y/d/N]: y

Downloading packages:

mssql-server-14.0.3038.14-2.x86_64.rpm | 169 MB 00:07:13

Running transaction check

Running transaction test

Transaction test succeeded

Running transaction

Installing : mssql-server-14.0.3038.14-2.x86_64 1/2

Cleanup : mssql-server-14.0.3048.4-1.x86_64 2/2

Verifying : mssql-server-14.0.3038.14-2.x86_64 1/2

Verifying : mssql-server-14.0.3048.4-1.x86_64 2/2

Removed:

mssql-server.x86_64 0:14.0.3048.4-1

Installed:

mssql-server.x86_64 0:14.0.3038.14-2

Complete!

4. 验证版本

1> select @@version

2> GO

Microsoft SQL Server 2017 (RTM-CU11) (KB4462262) - 14.0.3038.14 (X64)

Sep 14 2018 13:53:44

Enterprise Edition: Core-based Licensing (64-bit) on Linux (Oracle Linux Server 7.2)

(1 rows affected)

5. 验证业务数据

1> select * from aaa;

2> GO

-----------

(3 rows affected)

1> select name from sys.databases

2> GO

name

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

master

tempdb

model

msdb

test0221

(5 rows affected)

四、升级至指定版本

要将SQL Server升级到指定的版本，请参考以下步骤：

1. 确定要升级到的SQL Server程序包的版本号。

有关软件包编号的列表，请参阅发行说明。本测试中从SQL Server 2017 (CU11) 14.0.3038.14-2升级至SQL Server 2017 (CU12) 14.0.3045.24-1

2. 升级前先备份数据库

3. 升级到指定版本的SQL Server。

[root@euphe lib]# yum update mssql-server-14.0.3045.24-1.x86_64

Loaded plugins: langpacks, ulninfo

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package mssql-server.x86_64 0:14.0.3038.14-2 will be updated

---> Package mssql-server.x86_64 0:14.0.3045.24-1 will be an update

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

===================================================================================

Package Arch Version Repository Size

===================================================================================

Updating:

mssql-server x86_64 14.0.3045.24-1 packages-microsoft-com-mssql-server-2017 169 M

Transaction Summary

===================================================================================

Upgrade 1 Package

Total download size: 169 M

Is this ok [y/d/N]: y

Downloading packages:

No Presto metadata available for packages-microsoft-com-mssql-server-2017

mssql-server-14.0.3045.24-1.x86_64.rpm | 169 MB 00:05:10

Running transaction check

Running transaction test

Transaction test succeeded

Running transaction

Updating : mssql-server-14.0.3045.24-1.x86_64 1/2

Cleanup : mssql-server-14.0.3038.14-2.x86_64 2/2

Verifying : mssql-server-14.0.3045.24-1.x86_64 1/2

Verifying : mssql-server-14.0.3038.14-2.x86_64 2/2

Updated:

mssql-server.x86_64 0:14.0.3045.24-1

Complete!

4. 验证版本

1> select @@version

2> go

Microsoft SQL Server 2017 (RTM-CU12) (KB4464082) - 14.0.3045.24 (X64)

Oct 18 2018 23:11:05

Enterprise Edition: Core-based Licensing (64-bit) on Linux (Oracle Linux Server 7.2)

(1 rows affected)

5. 验证业务数据

1> select * from aaa;

2> GO

-----------

(3 rows affected)

1> select name from sys.databases

2> GO

name

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

master

tempdb

model

msdb

test0221

(5 rows affected)

五、使用rpm进行升/降级

我们最后再测试下不用yum进行升降级，官方文档没找到相关资料，卸载现有的mssql-server软件，重新安装会有什么影响

1. 查看现有mssql-server包

[root@euphe lib]# rpm -qa|grep mssql

mssql-server-14.0.3045.24-1.x86_64

mssql-tools-17.2.0.1-1.x86_64

2. 停sqlserver服务

[root@euphe lib]# systemctl stop mssql-server.service

[root@euphe lib]#

[root@euphe lib]# systemctl status mssql-server.service

● mssql-server.service - Microsoft SQL Server Database Engine

Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mssql-server.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)

Active: inactive (dead) since Thu 2019-02-21 03:45:45 EST; 5s ago

Docs: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/linux

Main PID: 10042 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

Feb 21 03:25:12 euphe sqlservr[10042]: 2019-02-21 03:25:12.37 spid3s Exec...b]

Feb 21 03:29:59 euphe sqlservr[10042]: 2019-02-21 03:29:59.42 spid52 Usin...5'

Feb 21 03:30:01 euphe sqlservr[10042]: 2019-02-21 03:30:01.46 spid52 Atte...d.

Feb 21 03:30:01 euphe sqlservr[10042]: 2019-02-21 03:30:01.50 spid52 Usin...d.

Feb 21 03:45:43 euphe systemd[1]: Stopping Microsoft SQL Server Database Engine...

Feb 21 03:45:43 euphe sqlservr[10042]: 2019-02-21 03:45:43.06 spid3s Alwa...d.

Feb 21 03:45:43 euphe sqlservr[10042]: 2019-02-21 03:45:43.07 spid3s SQL ...d.

Feb 21 03:45:43 euphe sqlservr[10042]: 2019-02-21 03:45:43.18 spid23s Serv...n.

Feb 21 03:45:43 euphe sqlservr[10042]: 2019-02-21 03:45:43.37 spid3s SQL ...d.

Feb 21 03:45:45 euphe systemd[1]: Stopped Microsoft SQL Server Database Engine.

Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

3. 卸载软件

rpm -e mssql-server-14.0.3045.24-1.x86_64

4. 安装想要的版本

[root@euphe mssql]# rpm -ivh mssql-server-14.0.3037.1-2.x86_64.rpm

Preparing... ################################# [100%]

Updating / installing...

1:mssql-server-14.0.3037.1-2 ################################# [100%]

此时不会像新装时提示需要 /opt/mssql/bin/mssql-conf setup

5. 启动服务

[root@euphe mssql]# systemctl start mssql-server.service

[root@euphe mssql]# systemctl status mssql-server.service

● mssql-server.service - Microsoft SQL Server Database Engine

Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mssql-server.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)

Active: active (running) since Thu 2019-02-21 03:54:25 EST; 2s ago

Docs: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/linux

Main PID: 11353 (sqlservr)

CGroup: /system.slice/mssql-server.service

├─11353 /opt/mssql/bin/sqlservr

└─11447 /opt/mssql/bin/sqlservr

Feb 21 03:54:27 euphe sqlservr[11353]: 2019-02-21 03:54:27.94 Server The ...1'

Feb 21 03:54:27 euphe sqlservr[11353]: 2019-02-21 03:54:27.94 Server Node...d.

Feb 21 03:54:27 euphe sqlservr[11353]: 2019-02-21 03:54:27.95 Server Usin...d.

Feb 21 03:54:27 euphe sqlservr[11353]: 2019-02-21 03:54:27.95 Server In-M...e.

Feb 21 03:54:27 euphe sqlservr[11353]: 2019-02-21 03:54:27.99 Server Data...d.

Feb 21 03:54:27 euphe sqlservr[11353]: ForceFlush is enabled for this instance.

Feb 21 03:54:27 euphe sqlservr[11353]: 2019-02-21 03:54:27.99 Server Quer...1,

Feb 21 03:54:28 euphe sqlservr[11353]: 2019-02-21 03:54:27.99 Server Soft...d.

Feb 21 03:54:28 euphe sqlservr[11353]: 2019-02-21 03:54:28.00 spid4s Star...'.

Feb 21 03:54:28 euphe sqlservr[11353]: ForceFlush feature is enabled for log d...y.

Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

6. 连接验证

连接到数据库，发现报错了

[root@euphe bin]# sqlcmd -S localhost -U SA -P 1qaz@WSX

Sqlcmd: Error: Microsoft ODBC Driver 17 for SQL Server : Login failed for user 'sa'. Reason: Server is in script upgrade mode. Only administrator can connect at this time..

[root@euphe bin]#

但是稍等一会又能进去了

1> select @@version

2> go

Microsoft SQL Server 2017 (RTM-CU10) (KB4342123) - 14.0.3037.1 (X64)

Jul 27 2018 09:40:27

Enterprise Edition: Core-based Licensing (64-bit) on Linux (Oracle Linux Server 7.2)

(1 rows affected)

1> select name from sys.databases

2> go

name

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

master

tempdb

model

msdb

test0221

(5 rows affected)

1> select * from aaa;

2> go

-----------

(3 rows affected)

看起来跟yum升降级貌似没什么区别，不过没查到用这种方法的文档

-------------------

参考

Upgrading SQL Server vNext on Red Hat Linux to latest available update

https://www.mssqltips.com/sqlservertip/4642/upgrading-sql-server-vnext-on-red-hat-linux-to-latest-available-update/

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/linux/sql-server-linux-setup?view=sql-server-2017#upgrade

https://blog.sqlauthority.com/2015/04/10/sql-server-login-failed-for-user-reason-server-is-in-script-upgrade-mode/