快速创建和配置出一个完整的Django项目的8个简单步骤

步骤一：创建Django项目

django-admin startproject mysite

步骤二：创建项目中使用到的应用

cd mysite
python manage.py startapp index
python manage.py startapp search
python manage.py startapp user
python manage.py startapp asset

步骤三：创建出模板文件和静态资源文件目录

在项目mysite目录下，创建文件夹templates和static。其中templates下为每个项目应用创建一个存放模板文件的子目录，index, search, user, asset。static下可以细分为css, js, font, image等子类目录。

mkdir templates static
mkdir -p ./templates/index
mkdir -p ./templates/search
mkdir -p ./templates/user
mkdir -p ./templates/asset
mkdir -p ./static/css
mkdir -p ./static/js
mkdir -p ./static/font
mkdir -p ./static/image

步骤四：配置setting.py，增加新的项目应用

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'index',
    'search',
    'user',
    'asset',
]

步骤五：配置setting.py，添加中间件LocaleMiddleware以支持本地化的语言偏好

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.locale.LocaleMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

步骤六：配置setting.py，设置模板路径和静态文件路径

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates'),
                  ],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATIC_DIR = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static")
STATICFILES_DIRS = (os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static"),)

步骤七：配置setting.py，设置数据库连接信息

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': DB_DATABASE,
        'USER': DB_USER,
        'PASSWORD': DB_PASSWORD,
        'HOST': DB_HOST,
        'PORT': DB_PORT,
    }
}

• 请自行将以上DB连接配置字段替换为实际取值

步骤八：配置项目的urls.py，配置URL地址信息

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('', include('index.urls')),
    path('search/', include('search.urls')),
    path('user/', include('user.urls')),
    path('asset/', include('asset.urls')),
]

至此，一个完整的Django项目已经具备了所有必要的配置内容，可以进入业务应用逻辑的开发工作了。

关于setting.py的更多高级配置

语言与时区

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh'
TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'
USE_I18N = True
USE_L10N = True
USE_TZ = True

配置自定义用户表MyUser

AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'user.MyUser'

Email config

EMAIL_HOST = 'smtp.163.com'
EMAIL_PORT = 25
EMAIL_HOST_USER = '[email protected]'
EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = '123456'
EMAIL_USE_SSL = False
EMAIL_USE_TLS = False
EMAIL_SUBJECT_PREFIX = '[MySite] '