先介绍一下FTP的概念：
FTP 是File Transfer Protocol（文件传输协议）的英文简称，而中文简称为“文传协议”。用于Internet上的控制文件的双向传输。同时，它也是一个应用程序（Application）。基于不同的操作系统有不同的FTP应用程序，而所有这些应用程序都遵守同一种协议以传输文件。在FTP的使用当中，用户经常遇到两个概念："下载"（Download）和"上传"（Upload）。"下载"文件就是从远程主机拷贝文件至自己的计算机上；"上传"文件就是将文件从自己的计算机中拷贝至远程主机上。用Internet语言来说，用户可通过客户机程序向（从）远程主机上传（下载）文件。
在liunx环境上安装：
liunx环境一般都自带vsftp,先查看是否安装已经安装上vsftp
命令：rpm -qa |grep vsftpd
如果没有安装，用yum install vsftpd 安装就行
安装完成后，修改配置文档：
相关配置文件有/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf, /etc/vsftpd.ftpusers, /etc/vsftpd.user_list,在配置FTP服务器时,主要是修改这些文件中的相关语句.
1.vsftpd.conf文件说明
# Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).
anonymous_enable=YES //是否允许anonymous登录FTP服务器,默认是允许的.
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
local_enable=YES //是否允许本地用户登录FTP服务器,默认是允许
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES //是否允许用户具有在FTP服务器文件中执行写的权限,默认是允许
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
local_umask=022 //设置本地用户的文件生成掩码为022,默认是077
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
#anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES //是否允许匿名账户在FTP服务器中创建目录
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES //激活目录信息,当远程用户更改目录时,将出现提示信息
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES //启用上传和下载日志功能
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES //启用FTP数据端口的连接请求
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
#xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log //设置日志文件的文件名和存储路径,这是默认的
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format
xferlog_std_format=YES//是否使用标准的ftpd xferlog日志文件格式
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600 //设置空闲的用户会话中断时间,默认是10分钟
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120//设置数据连接超时时间,默认是120秒.
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
# Beware that turning on ascii_download_enable enables malicious remote parties
# to consume your I/O resources, by issuing the command "SIZE /big/file" in
# ASCII mode.
# These ASCII options are split into upload and download because you may wish
# to enable ASCII uploads (to prevent uploaded scripts etc. from breaking),
# without the DoS risk of SIZE and ASCII downloads. ASCII mangling should be
# on the client anyway..
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES //是否允许使用ASCII格式来上传和下载文件
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.//在FTP服务器中设置欢迎登录的信息.
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
#chroot_list_enable=YES //如果希望用户登录后不能切换到自己目录以外的其它目录,需要设置该项,如果设置chroot_list_enable=YES,那么只允许/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list中列出的用户具有该功能.如果希望所有的本地用户都执行者chroot,可以增加一行:chroot_local_user=YES
# (default follows)
#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
pam_service_name=vsftpd //设置PAM认证服务的配置文件名称,该文件存放在/etc/pam.d/目录下.
userlist_enable=YES //用户列表中的用户是否允许登录FTP服务器,默认是不允许
#enable for standalone mode
listen=YES //使vsftpd 处于独立启动模式
tcp_wrappers=YES //使用tcp_wrqppers作为主机访问控制方式
2.vsftpd.ftpusers文件说明
这个文件是用来记录"不允许"登录到FTP服务器的用户,通常是一些系统默认的用户.
下面是该文件中默认的不允许登录的名单:
# Users that are not allowed to login via ftp
root //默认情况下,root和它以下的用户是不允许登录FTP服务器的.可以将不允许登录的用户添加到这里来.但切记每个用户都要单独占用一行.
bin
daemon
adm
lp
sync
shutdown
halt
news
uucp
operator
games
nobody
3.vsftpd.user_list文件说明
其实它的内容跟上面那个文件内容一样,只是在系统对文件vsftpd.conf 进行检测时,会检测到"userlist_deny=YES",因此这个文件必须存在.下面是这个文件的内容.
# vsftpd userlist
# If userlist_deny=NO, only allow users in this file
# If userlist_deny=YES (default), never allow users in this file, and
# do not even prompt for a password.
# Note that the default vsftpd pam config also checks /etc/vsftpd.ftpusers
# for users that are denied.
root
bin
daemon
adm
lp
sync
shutdown
halt
news
uucp
operator
games
nobody
创建FTP用户：
(设置管理员用户):
useradd ftpadmin
passwd ftpadmin
设置ftpadmin 主目录: /var/ftp
更改pub 目录所有者
chown ftpadmin.ftpadmin pub
配置完成后：启动vsftpd
启动命令：service vsftpd start
停止命令：service vsftpd stop
重启命令：
service vsftpd restart
启动成功后，wendows cmd 连接一下
windows cmd 连接：
ftp 域名或者ip地址
输入用户名和密码
简单命令：
.dir
/*你成功登陆后就可以用dir查看命令查看FTP服务器中的文件及目录，用ls命令只可以查看文件。*/
mls /remotedir localfilename.txt
/*显示远程目录/remotedir里的文件列表，保存到本地localfilename.txt文件中*/
mkdir qint
/*在FTP服务器上根目录下建立qint目录。*/
cd qint
/*进入目录qint,用“cd 你的目录名”可以进入当前目录的下一级目录，这跟DOS一样。*/
bin
/*采用二进制传输。如果你要上传下载，这一步很重要，不先执行这个命令，上传下载会很慢。*/
lcd d:\qint
/*定位本地默认文件夹，在前面我事先在D：盘创建的。*/
!dir
/*查看本地文件夹中的文件及目录*/
put 文件名
将上传文件放到本地默认文件夹中，直接put文件
get 文件名
进入到下载服务器文件夹下，直接put文件
get后下载文件下载地址： xp：C:\Documents and Settings\administrator
win7 是C:\Users\用户名