DVWA文件上传（不同级别）

文件上传漏洞，通常是由于对上传文件的类型、内容没有进行严格的过滤、检查，使得攻击者可以通过上传木马获取服务器的webshell权限，因此文件上传漏洞带来的危害常常是毁灭性的，Apache、Tomcat、Nginx等都曝出过文件上传漏洞

low

<?php
if( isset( $_POST[ 'Upload' ] ) ) {
    // Where are we going to be writing to?
    $target_path  = DVWA_WEB_PAGE_TO_ROOT . "hackable/uploads/";
    $target_path .= basename( $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'name' ] );
    // Can we move the file to the upload folder?
    if( !move_uploaded_file( $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'tmp_name' ], $target_path ) ) {
        // No
        echo '<pre>Your image was not uploaded.</pre>';
    }
    else {
        // Yes!
        echo "<pre>{$target_path} succesfully uploaded!</pre>";
    }
}
?>

文件上传漏洞的利用是有限制条件的，首先当然是要能够成功上传木马文件，其次上传文件必须能够被执行，最后就是上传文件的路径必须可知。不幸的是，这里三个条件全都满足

上传一句话木马

构造url如下

http://127.0.0.1/DVWA-master/hackable/uploads/1.php

菜刀可以直接连接上

medium

<?php
if( isset( $_POST[ 'Upload' ] ) ) {
    // Where are we going to be writing to?
    $target_path  = DVWA_WEB_PAGE_TO_ROOT . "hackable/uploads/";
    $target_path .= basename( $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'name' ] );
    // File information
    $uploaded_name = $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'name' ];
    $uploaded_type = $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'type' ];
    $uploaded_size = $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'size' ];
    // Is it an image?
    if( ( $uploaded_type == "image/jpeg" || $uploaded_type == "image/png" ) &&
        ( $uploaded_size < 100000 ) ) {
        // Can we move the file to the upload folder?
        if( !move_uploaded_file( $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'tmp_name' ], $target_path ) ) {
            // No
            echo '<pre>Your image was not uploaded.</pre>';
        }
        else {
            // Yes!
            echo "<pre>{$target_path} succesfully uploaded!</pre>";
        }
    }
    else {
        // Invalid file
        echo '<pre>Your image was not uploaded. We can only accept JPEG or PNG images.</pre>';
    }
}
?>

可以看到，Medium级别的代码对上传文件的类型、大小做了限制，要求文件类型必须是jpeg或者png，大小不能超过100000B（约为97.6KB）

把一句话木马1.php改成1.jpg,发现上传成功，中国菜刀的原理是向上传文件发送包含apple参数的post请求，通过控制apple参数来执行不同的命令，而这里服务器将木马文件解析成了图片文件，因此向其发送post请求时，服务器只会返回这个“图片”文件，并不会执行相应命令

法一

文件包含+文件上传

图片为php文件改后缀的jpg文件，构造如下url（中级的文件包含对http过滤，采取双写绕过），浏览网页

http://127.0.0.1/DVWA-master/vulnerabilities/fi/?page=hthttp://tp://127.0.0.1/DVWA-master/hackable/uploads/123.jpg

将后面的都删除，留下http://127.0.0.1/DVWA-master/

点击浏览，输入DVWA账号密码，退出后保存cookie

连接成功

法二

burpsuit修改后缀（先打开一个由php文件改后缀的jpg文件）

把1.jpg修改为1.php，还原文件

把Content-Type: application/octet-stream修改为Content-Type: image/png

构造url

http://127.0.0.1/DVWA-master/hackable/uploads/1.php

都能连接成功

high

核心代码如下：

<?php
if( isset( $_POST[ 'Upload' ] ) ) {
    // Where are we going to be writing to?
    $target_path  = DVWA_WEB_PAGE_TO_ROOT . "hackable/uploads/";
    $target_path .= basename( $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'name' ] );
    // File information
    $uploaded_name = $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'name' ];
    $uploaded_ext  = substr( $uploaded_name, strrpos( $uploaded_name, '.' ) + 1);
    $uploaded_size = $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'size' ];
    $uploaded_tmp  = $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'tmp_name' ];
    // Is it an image?
    if( ( strtolower( $uploaded_ext ) == "jpg" || strtolower( $uploaded_ext ) == "jpeg" || strtolower( $uploaded_ext ) == "png" ) &&
        ( $uploaded_size < 100000 ) &&
        getimagesize( $uploaded_tmp ) ) {
        // Can we move the file to the upload folder?
        if( !move_uploaded_file( $uploaded_tmp, $target_path ) ) {
            // No
            echo '<pre>Your image was not uploaded.</pre>';
        }
        else {
            // Yes!
            echo "<pre>{$target_path} succesfully uploaded!</pre>";
        }
    }
    else {
        // Invalid file
        echo '<pre>Your image was not uploaded. We can only accept JPEG or PNG images.</pre>';
    }
}
?>

strrpos(string,find,start)

函数返回字符串find在另一字符串string中最后一次出现的位置，如果没有找到字符串则返回false，可选参数start规定在何处开始搜索。

getimagesize(string filename)

函数会通过读取文件头，返回图片的长、宽等信息，如果没有相关的图片文件头，函数会报错。

可以看到，High级别的代码读取文件名中最后一个”.”后的字符串，期望通过文件名来限制文件类型，因此要求上传文件名形式必须是”.jpg”、”.jpeg” 、”.png”之一。同时，getimagesize函数更是限制了上传文件的文件头必须为图像类型。

copy a.png/b+b.php/a c.png   //图片是二进制，php是文本

会生成一个png文件，在这个png文件末尾有php代码

蚁剑地址中输入如下url

http://127.0.0.1/DVWA-master/

先连接浏览网站，存一下cookie,然后再编辑一下网址为

http://127.0.0.1/DVWA-master/vulnerabilities/fi/?page=file:///C:phpStudy/PHPTutorial/WWW/DVWA-master/hackable/uploads/hack.jpg

连接成功

impossible

<?php
if( isset( $_POST[ 'Upload' ] ) ) {
    // Check Anti-CSRF token
    checkToken( $_REQUEST[ 'user_token' ], $_SESSION[ 'session_token' ], 'index.php' );
    // File information
    $uploaded_name = $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'name' ];
    $uploaded_ext  = substr( $uploaded_name, strrpos( $uploaded_name, '.' ) + 1);
    $uploaded_size = $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'size' ];
    $uploaded_type = $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'type' ];
    $uploaded_tmp  = $_FILES[ 'uploaded' ][ 'tmp_name' ];
    // Where are we going to be writing to?
    $target_path   = DVWA_WEB_PAGE_TO_ROOT . 'hackable/uploads/';
    //$target_file   = basename( $uploaded_name, '.' . $uploaded_ext ) . '-';
    $target_file   =  md5( uniqid() . $uploaded_name ) . '.' . $uploaded_ext;
    $temp_file     = ( ( ini_get( 'upload_tmp_dir' ) == '' ) ? ( sys_get_temp_dir() ) : ( ini_get( 'upload_tmp_dir' ) ) );
    $temp_file    .= DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . md5( uniqid() . $uploaded_name ) . '.' . $uploaded_ext;
    // Is it an image?
    if( ( strtolower( $uploaded_ext ) == 'jpg' || strtolower( $uploaded_ext ) == 'jpeg' || strtolower( $uploaded_ext ) == 'png' ) &&
        ( $uploaded_size < 100000 ) &&
        ( $uploaded_type == 'image/jpeg' || $uploaded_type == 'image/png' ) &&
        getimagesize( $uploaded_tmp ) ) {
        // Strip any metadata, by re-encoding image (Note, using php-Imagick is recommended over php-GD)
        if( $uploaded_type == 'image/jpeg' ) {
            $img = imagecreatefromjpeg( $uploaded_tmp );
            imagejpeg( $img, $temp_file, 100);
        }
        else {
            $img = imagecreatefrompng( $uploaded_tmp );
            imagepng( $img, $temp_file, 9);
        }
        imagedestroy( $img );
        // Can we move the file to the web root from the temp folder?
        if( rename( $temp_file, ( getcwd() . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $target_path . $target_file ) ) ) {
            // Yes!
            echo "<pre><a href='${target_path}${target_file}'>${target_file}</a> succesfully uploaded!</pre>";
        }
        else {
            // No
            echo '<pre>Your image was not uploaded.</pre>';
        }
        // Delete any temp files
        if( file_exists( $temp_file ) )
            unlink( $temp_file );
    }
    else {
        // Invalid file
        echo '<pre>Your image was not uploaded. We can only accept JPEG or PNG images.</pre>';
    }
}
// Generate Anti-CSRF token
generateSessionToken();
?>

in_get(varname)

函数返回相应选项的值

imagecreatefromjpeg ( filename )

函数返回图片文件的图像标识，失败返回false

imagejpeg ( image , filename , quality)*

从image图像以filename为文件名创建一个JPEG图像，可选参数quality，范围从0（最差质量，文件更小）到100（最佳质量，文件最大）。

imagedestroy( img )

函数销毁图像资源

可以看到，Impossible级别的代码对上传文件进行了重命名（为md5值，导致%00截断无法绕过过滤规则），加入Anti-CSRF token防护CSRF攻击，同时对文件的内容作了严格的检查，导致攻击者无法上传含有恶意脚本的文件。