–查看系统表空间
select file_name,tablespace_name from dba_data_files order by file_name;
–查询用户所使用的表空间
select user_id,username.default_tablespace from dba_users;
–修改默认表空间
alter datebase default tablespace user_date;
–重命名表空间
alter tablespace user_data rename to user_data
–删除表空间
drop tablespace user1_data;
drop tablespace user1_data including contents and datafiles;–彻底删除文件
–创建表空间
create tablespace user_data1
logging
datafile’C:\oracle\lianxi\user_data1.dbf’
size 50m
autoextend on
next 50m
maxsize 20480m
extent management local;
–为表空间增加数据文件
alter tablespace mytablespace
add
datafile ‘e:\datafile02.dbf’
size 50m
autoextend on
next 50m
maxsize 20480m;
–创建用户
create user zhangsan identified by mima;
–修改用户密码
alter user zhangsan identified by mima1;
–删除用户
drop user zhangsan;
drop user zhangsan cascade;–彻底删除用户
–授予用户权限
grant create session to zhangsan;
grant create user to zhangsan;
grant drop user to zhangsan;
grant select on scott.emp to zhangsan1;–授权张三1可以访问其他用户中的表
–移出权限
revoke drop user from zhangsan;
revoke create session from zhangsan;
revoke create user from zhangsan;
–授予角色
grant resource to zhangsan;
------------实训补充------
DDL(数据定义语言)
----创建表
create table t_student(
sid char(5) not null primary key,
sname varchar2(10) not null,
ssex char(1) not null,
sbrithday date null,
stel varchar2(13) null,
sclass int null
)
—修改表
alter table t_student add t_address varchar2(100);
alter table t_student modify t_address varchar2(50);
alter table t_student rname column t_address to t_add;
alter table t_student drop column t_add;
—重命名表
rename t_student to tt;
—删除表
drop table tt;
—只删除表的内容
truncate table 表名
------------------------------------------------------第二章--------------------------
select * from dual;
select sysdate from dual;–查询当前系统时间
select systimestamp from dual;–精确查询当前系统时间
–伪列rowid,rownum
select * from scott.EMP;
select rownum ename,sal from scott.EMP order by sal desc ;
select rownum,a.* from(
select ename,sal from scott.EMP order by sal desc) a
–在scott中执行–建表–
create table t_student(
sid char(5) not null primary key,
sname varchar2(10) not null,
ssex char(1) not null,
sbrithday date null,
stel varchar2(13) null,
sclass int null
)
select *from t_student;
drop table t_student;
–在scott中执行–修改表
alter table t_student add f_address varchar2(50);–增加表信息
alter table t_student modify f_address varchar2(250);–修改表信息
alter table t_student rename column f_address to f_add;–重命名列
alter table t_student drop column f_add;–删除列
–第三节课的内容
insert into t_student values(‘10008’,‘李四’,‘m’,to_date(‘2000-01-10’,‘yyyy-mm-dd’),‘1235646’,1);
truncate table t_student;
delete from s_student where sid=‘10008’;
----删除表
drop table t_student;
-----重命名表
rename t_student to tt;
select * from tt;
—给表和列加注释
comment on table tt is ‘学生表’;
comment on column tt.sid is ‘学生id’;
select comments from user_tab_comments where table_name=‘TT’;–表名
select comments from user_col_comments where table_name=‘TT’;–查列名
完整性
五大约束
主键只能有一个
唯一可以有多个（不允许重复）
外键：引用关系，被引用的表为从表，，从表中不能插入主表中没有的值
create table t_student(
sid char(5) not null primary key,
sname varchar2(10) not null,
ssex char(1) not null,
sbrithday date null,
stel varchar2(13) null,
sclass int null
)
select *from t_student;
–删除表
drop table t_student;
–在scott中执行–修改表
alter table t_student add f_address varchar2(50);–增加表信息
alter table t_student modify f_address varchar2(250);–修改表信息
alter table t_student rename column f_address to f_add;–重命名列
alter table t_student drop column f_add;–删除列
–第三节课的内容
–在zhangsan1中的代码
–删除表中记录，不做日志记录，无法回滚
insert into t_student values(‘10008’,‘李四’,‘m’,to_date(‘2000-01-10’,‘yyyy-mm-dd’),‘1235233646’,‘1’);
truncate table t_student;
delete from s_student where sid=‘10008’;
----删除表
drop table t_student;
-----重命名表
rename t_student to tt;
select * from tt;
—给表和列加注释
comment on table tt is ‘学生表’;
comment on column tt.sid is ‘学生id’;
select comments from user_tab_comments where table_name=‘TT’;–表名
select comments from user_col_comments where table_name=‘TT’;–查列名
----------完整性
—创建列的同时添加约束
create table class_table(
cid number(10) primary key,
cname varchar2(30) not null,
cdae date);
create table student_table(
sid number(10) primary key,
classid number(10) references class_table(cid),
sno varchar2(30) unique,
sname varchar2(30) not null,
sage number(3) check(sage>0 and sage<150),
saddeass varchar2(30) default(‘地址不详’)）;
select * from class_table;
select * from student_table;
----------------------- --dml数据操纵------增删改查----------
-------------------插入数据的四种方法
—插入数据的第一种方法
insert into class_table values(1,'一年级一班 ',to_date(‘2018-04-03’,‘yyyy-mm-dd’));
insert into class_table values(2,'一年级二班 ',to_date(‘2018-05-03’,‘yyyy-mm-dd’));
insert into student_table values(1,1,‘10001’,‘张三’,18,null);
insert into student_table values(2,1,‘10002’,‘李四’,18,default);
insert into student_table values(3,3,‘10003’,‘王武’,19,default);–在另一个表中没有3
–插入数据的第二种方法
insert into student_table(sid,classid,sno,sname)values(5,1,‘10004’,‘马六’);–插入数据的第二种方法
—增加数据的第三种写法,从旧表中生成新表
create table stu as select sid ,sno,sname,sage from student_table;
----从旧表生成新表（只复制框架而不复制数据）
create table stu as select sid ,sno,sname,sage from student_table where 1=2;
select * from stu;
delete from stu;
–增加数据的第四种写法
insert into stu(sid,sno,sname,sage) select sid ,sno,sname,sage from student_table;
------------------更新
update stu set sage=21 where sid=1;
------------------删除
delete from stu where sid=2;
-----------删除列的方法
alter table emp4 drop column test;
------------------查询
select * from student_table;
select * from stu where sid=4;
------------事务控制
insert into stu values(2,‘10002’,‘abc’,20);
update stu set sage=18 where sid=4;
commit;—提交数据
delete from stu where sid=4;
rollback;
------保存点使用
insert into stu values(3,‘10003’,‘fsgfsh’,20);
savepoint stull_27;
update stu set sage=38 where sid=4;
savepoint stull_28;
delete from stu where sid=1;
rollback to stull_28;
select * from stu;
–创建约束第二种方法
create table account(
name varchar2(32),
acc_type number(1) not null,
acc_code varchar2(32),
balance number(5,2) default(100),
sid number(10),
constraint pk_name primary key (name),
constraint uk_code unique (acc_code),
constraint ck_balance check(balance>=100 and balance<=1000),
constraint fk_sid foreign key (sid) references student_table(sid));
–第三种方法,通过修改表,添加约束
alter table account add constraint
fk_sid foreign key (sid) references student_table(sid);
alter table account drop constraint fk_sid;
-----数据控制语言----授权等
-----事务控制语言（不可能局部成功）
事务四个属性。
---------------事务控制
------------------------------------------第三章–查询--------------------（很重要）
select * from t_student;
select distinct sid from t_score;
select sid as 学号,sname as 姓名 from t_student;
select tt.sid as 学号,tt.sname as 姓名 from t_student tt;
-----过滤
select * from t_student where sid='10005’or sid='10003’or sname=‘谢娜’;
select * from t_student where sname=‘姚明’ and ssex=‘m’;----两个条件同时满足
select * from t_student where sname like ‘%明’;
select * from t_student where sname like ‘%明%’;—前后可有字符
select * from t_student where sname like ‘_阳’;–前面必须有一个字符
--------排序
select * from t_score order by score desc;–asc表升序,默认升
select * from t_score order by score desc,sid desc;–第一个相同时，用第二个来排序
--------连接查询
select * from t_teacher;
select * from t_teachercourse;
-----内联接
select * from t_teacher inner join t_teachercourse on t_teacher.tid=t_teachercourse.tid;
select * from t_teacher tt inner join t_teachercourse tc on tt.tid=tc.tid;
select * from t_teacher tt ,t_teachercourse tc where tt.tid=tc.tid;
select tt.tid,cid from t_teacher tt inner join t_teachercourse tc on tt.tid=tc.tid;
-----外联接
select * from t_teacher tt left join t_teachercourse tc on tt.tid=tc.tid;
select * from t_teacher tt right join t_teachercourse tc on tt.tid=tc.tid;
select * from t_teacher tt full join t_teachercourse tc on tt.tid=tc.tid;
-----交叉连接
select * from t_teacher tt cross join t_teachercourse tc;
select * from t_teacher tt , t_teachercourse tc;
----自联接
----grant all on scott.emp to zhangsan1;系统表中授
select * from scott.emp;
select e1.empno,e1.ename,e1.mgr,e2.ename from scott.emp e1 join scott.emp e2 on e1.mgr=e2.empno;
—聚合函数
select * from t_teacher;
select max(tage) ,min(tage),avg(tage),sum(tage)from t_teacher;
注意：count（*）查询所有数据个数，count（列名）查询不为空数据个数
----子查询
select tage from t_teacher where tname=‘张老师’
select * from t_teacher where tage>(
select tage from t_teacher where tname=‘张老师’
);
select * from t_score where cid=1;
select * from t_student where sid in (select sid from t_score where cid=1);
select * from t_student where sid not in (select sid from t_score where cid=1);
select * from t_teacher ;
select * from t_course;
select * from t_teachercourse;
------使用from后查询
----查询没有教师上课的课程信息
select * from t_course where cid in(select distinct cid from t_teachercourse);—distinct防止出现重复
select * from t_course where exists(select *from t_teachercourse where t_teachercourse.cid=t_course.cid);
----成绩表中查出学生平均分最高的(用分组)
select * from t_score;
select avg(score) from t_score group by sid;
select * from(select avg(score)as avgscore from t_score group by sid);
select max(avgscore) as 平均分最大值 from(select avg(score)as avgscore from t_score group by sid);
------查出学生最终成绩(取补考成绩与原来成绩的最大值)
select sid,cid,max(score) from t_score group by sid,cid;
select * from t_teacher;
select rownum as rn,tt.* from t_teacher tt;
select * from(select rownum as rn,tt.* from t_teacher tt)where rn>3 and rn<=6;
-----列中使用子查询
----查出所有学生每门课的成绩
select sid,cid,max(score) as sc from t_score group by sid,cid;
select tst.sname,tc.cname,sc from(select sid,cid,max(score) as sc from t_score group by sid,cid) ts
join t_student tst on ts.sid=tst.sid
join t_course tc on ts.cid=tc.cid;—表连接
select(select sname from t_student where sid=ts.sid)as sname,
(select cname from t_course where cid=ts.cid)as cname,
max(score)as sc from t_score ts group by sid,cid;—子查询
-------------------------------------------第四章–操作符--------------------------
–算术操作符
----运算符
select sid,cid,score+10 as sc from t_score where cid=2;
– 比较运算符
select * from t_teacher where tage>=31 and tage<=40;
select * from t_teacher where tage between 31 and 40;----与上条等价30<=X<=40
select * from t_teacher where tname is not null;
----连接运算符
select *from t_student;
select ‘学号：’||‘姓名:’||sname as info from t_student;
—集合操作符
select * from t_student where sid in(10001,10002,10003)
union—并集 去除重复
select * from t_student where sid=‘10005’;
select * from t_student where sid in(10001,10002,10003)
union all—并集重复
select * from t_student where sid=‘10001’;
select * from t_student where sid in(10001,10002,10003)
intersect–交集
select * from t_student where sid=‘10001’;
select * from t_student where sid in(10001,10002,10003)
minus—做差
select * from t_student where sid=‘10001’;
-----------字符函数
select initcap(‘hello’) from dual;—只把首字母变大写
select Lower(‘HELLO’) from dual;—大写变小写
select upper(‘HELLO’) from dual;
select Ltrim(‘HELLO’,‘Hel’) from dual;----删掉左面字符
select Rtrim(‘HELLO’,‘LO’) from dual;—删掉右面字符
select translate(‘1234561234561212’,‘1234’,‘ab’) from dual;----对应替换
select replace(‘1234561234561212’,‘1234’,‘ab’) from dual;----依次对应
select replace(‘jack and jue jac’,‘jac’,‘abc’) from dual;
-----字符函数
select instr(‘HELLO’,‘LO’) from dual;–字符串开始位置
select substr(‘HELLO’,2,2) from dual;–从第二个开始两个字符
select concat(‘HELLO’,‘1234’) from dual;—字符串连接
select chr(67) from dual;—67对应ASII中的值
select lpad(‘function’,15,’=’) from dual;----填充
select rpad(‘function’,15,’=’) from dual;----填充
select trim(’ aaaa ')||'bbbb’as ab from dual;----去掉空格
select trim(‘9’,from ‘999777999’)from dual;-----去掉两边的9
select decode(‘a’,‘f’,‘男’,‘c’,‘女’,‘a’,‘非’) as sex from dual;–如果a是f就替换成男
------数字函数
select abs(-15) from dual;
select ceil(44.778) from dual;
select floor(100.2) from dual;
select cos(180) from dual;
-------日期函数
select sysdate “系统日期” from dual;
select sysdate,sysdate+1 “日期+一天” from dual;
select sysdate ,add_months(sysdate,1) “日期 + 一个月” from dual;
select sysdate ,add_months(sysdate,-2)“日期 - 两个月” from dual;
select sysdate ,add_months(sysdate,12)“日期 +一年” from dual;
select sysdate ,to_char(sysdate+7,‘yyyy-mm-dd HH24:Mi:ss’) from dual;
select sysdate,months_between(sysdate,add_months(sysdate,-1))“相差月数” from dual;
select sysdate,last_day(sysdate)as “当前月份的最后一天” from dual;
select sysdate，next_day(sysdate,1) “下一个周的第一天是几号” from dual;
select trunc(sysdate,‘year’)from dual;----截取到年（本年的第一天）
select trunc(sysdate,‘q’)from dual;-----截取到月份（本季度的第一天）
select trunc(sysdate,‘month’)from dual;—截取到月（本月的第一天）
select sysdate,extract(year from sysdate) "日期年份"from dual;
select sysdate,extract(month from sysdate) "日期月份"from dual;
select sysdate,extract(day from sysdate) "日期几号"from dual;
select sysdate,extract(year from sysdate) "日期月份"from dual;
—转换函数
select to_char(0.123,’$0.99999’) from dual;
select to_char(123.0233,‘FM9999999.0099’) from dual;–FM去除空格
select to_char(sysdate,‘YYYY-MM-dd HH24:Mi:SS’) from dual;
select to_char(sysdate,‘fmYYYY “年"MM"月"DD"日” HH24"时"MI"分"SS"秒"’）from dual;
select to_date(‘2005-12-06’,‘yyyy-mm-dd’)from dual;
select to_number(‘100’)from dual;
----其他函数
select empno,sal,comm from scott.emp;
select empno,sal,comm,sal+comm from scott.emp;
select empno,sal,comm,sal+nvl(comm,0) from scott.emp;
select empno,sal,comm,sal+nvl2(comm,comm,0) from scott.emp;
select nullif(100,100) from dual;
select nullif(100,200) from dual;
----分析函数
----给排好序的每一行返回一个编号
select row_number() over(order by sal desc)as 编号,
empno,ename,deptno,sal from scott.emp;
select row_number() over(partition by deptno order by sal desc)as 编号,
empno,ename,deptno,sal from scott.emp;
select rank() over(order by sal desc)as 编号,
empno,ename,deptno,sal from scott.emp;
select rank() over(partition by deptno order by sal desc)as 编号,
empno,ename,deptno,sal from scott.emp;
select dense_rank() over(order by sal desc)as 编号,
empno,ename,deptno,sal from scott.emp;
select dense_rank() over(partition by deptno order by sal desc)as 编号,
empno,ename,deptno,sal from scott.emp;
--------第六章--------
—system中执 授权给张三１
grant all on scott.emp to zhangsan1;
grant all on scott.dept to zhangsan1;
grant create synonym to zhangsan1;
grant create public synonym to zhangsan1;
—创建用户，并授权
create user lisi identified by mima;
grant connect,resource to lisi;
grant all on scott.emp to lisi;
grant all on scott.dept to lisi;
---------同义词
select * from scott.emp;
select * from scott.emp;
create synonym emp for scott.emp;
create synonym dept for scott.dept;
select * from emp;
select * from dept;
create public synonym p_emp for scott.emp;—公有同义词,别的用户可以访问
create public synonym p_dept for scott.dept;
-------在lisi中可以运行select * from p_emp;select * from p_dept;实现查询
------创建序列
—drop table test_1
create table test_1
(
id number,
sname varchar2(20)
)segment creation immediate;
-----创建完表立即分配空间，避免插入第一条记录时，序列对象跳过第一个值
-----drop sequence seq_id;
create sequence seq_id
start with 1
increment by 1
minvalue 1
maxvalue 10
nocycle ----非循环
nocache;------不缓存
alter aequence seq_id maxvalue 20 cycle;—修改序列信息
insert into test_1 values(seq_id.nextval,‘aaaaa’);
insert into test_1 values(seq_id.nextval,‘bbbbb’);
insert into test_1 values(seq_id.nextval,‘ccccc’);
select * from test_1;
select seq_id.currval from dual;----查询当前信息
select seq_id.nextval from dual;----查询下一个
-----表连接
select * from emp;
select * from dept;
select dname,empno,ename,job,sal from dept left join emp on dept.deptno=emp.deptno;
------视图
—drop view v_dept_emp;
—在system中执行grant create view to zhangsan1;
create view v_dept_emp
as
select dname,empno,ename,job,sal from dept
left join emp on dept.deptno=emp.deptno;
select * from v_dept_emp;
create view v_dept_avgsal
as
select dname,avg(sal)as avgsal from dept
left join emp on dept.deptno=emp.deptno group by dname;
select * from v_dept_avgsal;
create view eno
as
select deptno from emp where deptno=20;
-----索引 相当目录
—为了提高查询效率
create unique index index_ename on emp(ename);
select * from emp where ename=‘WARD’;
-----组合索引
create index index_ename_empno on emp(ename,empno);
select * from emp where ename=‘WARD’ and empno=7521;
----drop table depositor;
create table depositor(
actid number(10) not null,
identity number(10) not null,
lastname varchar2(10) not null,
fristname varchar2(10) not null,
address1 varchar2(200) not null,
address2 varchar2(200),
address3 varchar2(200),
account number(10,2) not null);
select * from depositor;
select count(*) from depositor;
-----drop index ix_depor
create index ix_depor on depositor(identity);—创建普通索引
------1，创建唯一索引，会报错，因为主键上的oracle已经在此列创建
create unique index ix_depositor_actid on depositer(actid);
-----2,打开解释计划窗口执行下面的语句看消耗的资源
select * from depositor where lastname=‘Rowlands’ and firstname=‘Rosario’;
-----3打开解释计划窗口执行下面的语句看消耗的资源
select * from depositor where actid=58765;
-----4打开解释计划窗口执行下面的语句看消耗的资源
select * from depositor where lower(firstname)=‘jimmy’;
------创建基于函数的索引，后再执行上述语句
create index ix_lower_fname on depositor(lower(firstname));
-----5打开解释计划窗口执行下面的语句看消耗的资源
select count(*) from depositor where firstname=‘Luke’;
------创建位图索引，后执行上述语句
create bitmap index ix_bitmap_fname on depositor(firstname);
-----6查看数据字典中的索引信息
select * from user_indexes;
select * from user_ind_columns where table_name=‘depositor’;
------------------第七章----PL/SQL语句-----------------------
-----plsql语句块
declare
v_deptno constant number(2):=10;----constant常量，使数据不能修改
v_dname varchar2(14);
begin
select dname into v_dname from dept where deptno=v_deptno;
dbms_output.put_line(‘部门编号：’||v_deptno||‘部门名称：’||v_dname);
exception
when others then dbms_output.put_line(‘错误信息：’||sqlerrm);
end;
-----圆的面积
declare
pi constant number(3,2):=3.14;-----number（整数，小数）
r number:=6;
s number;
begin
s:=pirr;
dbms_output.put_line(‘圆的面积：’||s);
exception
when others then dbms_output.put_line(‘错误信息：’||sqlerrm);
end;
-----数据类型
declare
v_sal number;
begin
select sal into v_sal from emp where empno=7934;
IF v_sal<1000 THEN
update emp set sal=sal+200 where empno=7934;
ELSIF v_sal>=1000 and v_sal<2000 THEN
update emp set sal=sal+150 where empno=7934;
ELSE
update emp set sal=sal+100 where empno=7934;
END IF;
end;
----判断奇数还是偶数
declare
v_num number;
begin
v_num:=&num1;—实现手动输入
if mod(v_num,2)=0 then dbms_output.put_line(v_num||‘这个数是偶数’);
else dbms_output.put_line(‘这个数是奇数’||v_num);
end if;
end;
—行属性
select * from emp;
declare
rw scott.emp%rowtype;
begin
select * into rw from emp
where empno=7369;
dbms_output.put_line(‘姓名为’||ename);
dbms_output.put_line(‘职位为’||job);
end;
select * from emp;
----case语句
declare
v_empno number;
v_sal emp.empno%type;----列类型----%rowtype行类型
begin
v_empno:=&v_empno;
select sal into v_sal from emp where empno=v_empno;
case
when v_sal<1000 then
update emp set sal=sal+200 where empno=v_empno;
when v_sal>=1000 and v_sal <2000 then
update emp set sal=sal+150 where empno=v_empno;
else
update emp set sal=sal+100 where empno=v_empno;
end case;
end;
declare
v_job varchar2(9);
v_empno number(4):=7369;
begin
select into v_job from emp where empno=v_empno;
case v_job
when 'clerk’then
update emp set sal=sal+200 where empno=v_empno;
when 'dalesman’then
update emp set sal=sal+300 where empno=v_empno;
when 'analyst’then
update emp set sal=sal+400 where empno=v_empno;
when 'manager’then
update emp set sal=sal-100 where empno=v_empno;
end case;
end;
declare
n number;
begin
n:=&n;
case
when n>0 then
dbms_output.put_line(‘这是一个正数’);
when n<0 then
dbms_output.put_line(‘这是一个负数’);
when n=0 then
dbms_output.put_line(‘这是一个0’);
end case;
end;
----循环执行的语句
create table test_loop(
id number(5),
name varchar2(10));
declare
v_count number:=1;
begin
loop
insert into test_loop
values(v_count,‘name’||v_count);
v_count:=v_count+1;
exit when v_count>100;
end loop;
end;
select * from test_loop;
----练习：输出1-10的平方数
----loop循环
declare
n number:=1;
begin
loop
exit when n>10;
dbms_output.put_line(n||‘的平方数为’||nn);
n:=n+1;
end loop;
end;
----while循环
declare
n number:=1;
begin
whilel n<100 loop
dbms_output.put_line(n||‘的平方数为’||nn);
n:=n+1;
end loop;
end;
-----for循环
begin
for v_count in 1…100 loop
insert into test_loop
values(v_count,‘name’||v_count);
end loop;
end;
select * from test_loop;
-----跳转goto
-----异常
declare
v_name emp.ename%type;
begin
SELECT ename INTO v_name FROM emp;
exception
WHEN TOO_MANY_ROWS then
dbms_output.put_line(‘该查询提取多行’);
end;
declare
v_empno emp.empno%TYPE;
v_emp emp%ROWTYPE;—行
begin
v_empno:=&员工编号; --要求输入员工编号
select * into v_emp from emp where empno=v_empno;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('编号是'||v_empno||'的员工姓名是'||v_emp.ename);
exception
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘工作是’||v_empno||‘的员工不存在！’);
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘错误号是’||SQLCODE);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘错误原因是’||SQLERRM);
END;
-----修改编号为1234员工的工资，工资加500
declare
v_empno number(4):=7369;
v_sal number;
begin
select sal into v_sal from emp where empno=v_empno;
update emp set sal=sal+500 where empno=v_empno;
exception
WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘没找到数据’);
WHEN OTHERS THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘其他错误’);
end;
select * from emp;
-----游标
select * from emp;
declare
v_sal varchar2(20);
begin
select sal into v_sal from emp where empno=7369;
IF SQL%NOTFOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘编号未找到’);
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘编号存在’);
END IF;
end;
—输出emp表中的员工编号，姓名，薪资
declare
cursor cursor_sel is select empno,ename,sal from emp order by sal;
c_empno emp.empno%type;
c_ename emp.ename%type;
c_sal emp.sal%type;
begin
open cursor_sel;
loop
fetch cursor_sel into c_empno,c_ename,c_sal;
exit when cursor_sel%Notfound;
dbms_output.put_line(c_empno||’ ‘||c_ename||’ '||c_sal);
end loop;
close cursor_sel;
end;
----使用游标行循环打印员工编号，姓名，工资
declare
cursor cursor_sel is select empno,ename,sal from emp order by sal;
r_emp cursor_sel%rowtype;–游标行
begin
Open cursor_sel;
Loop
Fetch cursor_sel Into r_emp;
exit when cursor_sel%Notfound;
dbms_output.put_line(r_emp.empno||’ ‘||r_emp.ename||’ '||r_emp.sal);
end loop;
close cursor_sel;
end;
----使用带参数的显示游标循环打印员工编号，姓名，工资
declare
v_deptno emp.deptno%type;—部门编号变量
cursor cursor_sel(dno number) is
select empno,ename,sal from emp where deptno=dno;
r_emp cursor_sel%rowtype;—输入参数值
begin
v_deptno:=’&部门编号’; --输入参数值
Open cursor_sel(v_deptno);–传递参数
Loop
Fetch cursor_sel Into r_emp;
exit when cursor_sel%Notfound;
dbms_output.put_line(r_emp.empno||’ ‘||r_emp.ename||’ '||r_emp.sal);
end loop;
close cursor_sel;
end;
----------------------第九章存储过程
----存储
create or replace procedure p_happy
as
begin
dbms_output.putline(‘hello’);
end p_happy;
----执行存储过程
begin
p_happy;
end;
----存储
create or replace procedure p_happy(v_input varchar2(20))
as
begin
dbms_output.putline(v_input);
end p_happy;
----执行存储过程
declare
v_input varchar2(10):=&input;
begin
p_happy(v_input);
end;
create or replace procedure
find_empsal(v_empno number)
as
v_ename varchar2(20);
v_sal number;
begin
select ename,sal into v_ename,v_sal from emp
where empno= v_empno;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘雇员的姓名是：’||v_ename||’ 工资是：’||v_sal);
exception
when NO_DATA_FOUND THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘雇员编号未找到’);
END find_empsal;
create or replace procedure
cp_inputtable(v_dname varchar2,v_loc varchar2)
as
begin
insert into dept values(v_dname,v_deptno,v_loc);
commit;—提交事务
exception
when others then
dbms
rollback;
end cp_inputtable;
—调用过程
declare
v_dname number;
v_deptno varchar2(20);
v_loc varchar2(20);
begin
v_dname:=&dname;
v_deptno:=&deptno;
v_loc:=&loc;
sp_dept_insert(v_dname,v_deptno,v_loc);
end;
----输出平均薪资
create or replace procedure sp_emp_avg(avg_sal out number)
as
begin
insert into dept values(v_deptno,v_dname,v_loc);
commit;
—执行
declare
v_sal_avg number;
begin
end;
-----输入输出综合过程
create or replace procedure
find_empsal_out(v_empno in number,v_ename out varchar2,v_sal out number)
as
begin
select ename,sal into v_ename,v_sal from emp where
empno=v_empno;
end find_empsal_out;
declare
v_ename varchar2(20);—员工姓名（输出）
v_sal number;
begin
find_empsal_out(7935,v_ename,v_sal); --7035是输入参数
dbms.out_put.put_line(‘员工姓名：’||v_ename||’ 员工工资’||v_sal);
end;