Spring Security3实践总结

在线项目最近要对管理系统进行细粒度的权限控制，细化到URL级别。Spring Security3在这个时候引入到了系统总来。Spring Security3的学习曲线并不是非常的平坦。现在将使用场景和使用方法总结如下。

一、需求

做项目肯定要从项目背景和需求谈起。这个在线项目的背景和需求如下：

该项目为一个对外网开发的管理系统，系统功能丰富，需要将系统的功能进行切分，不同用户拥有不同的权限。该系统为JAVA开发，使用了Spring3。
权限的粒度细化到最小功能级别。
根据用户权限展现菜单。
根据用户权限显示每个页面的功能按钮等。
用户必须登录才能操作。
系统有超级管理员，其拥有最大的权限，可以操作任何功能。
系统存在公共页面，登录用户均可查看和使用。

二、方案

有了需求肯定就要有解决方案，针对上面的背景和需求。我们的解决方案和办法如下：

既然已经用了Spring3，那就直接上Spring Security3，这里为了保证和系统版本统一，使用3.1.2.RELEASE。
URL请求就是最小的用需要的最小权限粒度对应物，所以将URL作为Spring Security中的资源。
根据用户权限情况加载用户菜单树。
获取登陆用户的资源权限，来展现页面功能按钮。SpringSecurity有标签可以控制资源的显示，由于本文涉及的项目中需要向下兼容，而且存在白名单，所以做了自定义标签处理。
增加用户操作拦截，判定用户登陆状态。
增加用户白名单来实现超级管理员操作权限最大化，实质是登陆的超级管理员用户不需要过Spring Security的资源授权功能。
增加公共资源白名单，使任何登陆用户均可访问公共页面，实质是在用户已经登陆的情况下公共资源不需要过Spring Security的资源授权功能。

Spring Security3对(用户登录)验证和(安全资源)授权的基本流程如下图：

SpringSecurity3验证和授权流程图

注意：第5步的白名单是自定义操作。

三、实现

使用Spring Security3的实践过程如下：

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1. 增加Spring Security3的MAVEN坐标依赖：

<!-- Spring Security Start -->
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-security-web</artifactId>
  <version>3.1.2.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-security-taglibs</artifactId>
  <version>3.1.2.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-security-core</artifactId>
  <version>3.1.2.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-security-config</artifactId>
  <version>3.1.2.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring Security End -->

2. 设置项目的web.xml,Spring Security3的过滤器：

<filter>
 <filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>
 <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy</filter-class>
</filter>
 <filter-mapping>
 <filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>
 <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

3. 增加applicationContext-security.xml，整体配置在附件代码中。

3.1) 验证管理器配置，用户登陆的时候进行的验证，这里采用JDBC的模式，如果不用开启hideUserNotFoundExceptions，则可以采用简单的标签配置。

<!-- 认证管理器.用户登陆认证的入口, 加载用户角色。 -->
<authentication-manager alias="authenticationManagerBean">
 <authentication-provider ref="authenticationProvider">
  <!-- <jdbc-user-service data-source-ref="dataSource" 
	users-by-username-query="" 
	authorities-by-username-query="" />
  <password-encoder base64="true" hash="sha-256" /> -->
 </authentication-provider>
</authentication-manager>

<b:bean id="authenticationProvider" 
 class="org.springframework.security.authentication.dao.DaoAuthenticationProvider">
 <b:property name="userDetailsService" ref="userDetailsService" />
 <b:property name="hideUserNotFoundExceptions" value="false" />
 <b:property name="passwordEncoder" ref="passwordEncoder" />
 <!-- 加密的加盐处理，当然存储的密码也是加盐了，加盐后的被加密串格式：password{salt} 。 -->
 <!--
 <b:property name="saltSource">
  <b:bean class="org.springframework.security.authentication.dao.ReflectionSaltSource">
   <b:property name="userPropertyToUse">username</b:property>
  </b:bean>
 </b:property>
 -->
</b:bean>

<b:bean id="userDetailsService" class="org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.jdbc.JdbcDaoImpl">
 <b:property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
 <b:property name="usersByUsernameQuery" 
   value="SELECT username, password, enable FROM user WHERE username=? AND enable=true;" />
 <b:property name="authoritiesByUsernameQuery" 
   value="SELECT u.username username, r.rolename rolename FROM user u, role r, 
   user_role ur WHERE u.username=? AND u.id = ur.user_id AND ur.role_id = r.id;" />
</b:bean>

<!-- 用户的密码加密方式 -->
<b:bean id="passwordEncoder" 
 class="org.springframework.security.authentication.encoding.ShaPasswordEncoder">
 <b:constructor-arg index="0" value="256" />
 <b:property name="encodeHashAsBase64" value="true" />
</b:bean>

3.2) 授权流程中安全资源加载器和决策器的配置：

<!-- 访问决策器，决定某个用户（具有的角色）是否有足够的权限去访问某个资源 -->
<b:bean id="accessDecisionManagerBean" 
	class="demo.security.CustomizedAccessDecisionManager" >
 <!-- 没有显式定义的资源都保护起来。该属性默认值为false -->
 <b:property name="allowIfAllAbstainDecisions" value="false"/>
</b:bean>

<!-- 安全资源定义，即定义某一安全资源可以被哪些角色访问 -->
<b:bean id="securityMetadataSourceBean" 
	class="demo.security.CustomizedInvocationSecurityMetadataSource">
 <b:constructor-arg index="0" ref="commonDao" />
 <b:property name="rejectPublicInvocations" value="true" />
</b:bean>

3.3) 指定过滤器，作为验证和授权的自定义处理入口

<!-- 一个自定义的filter，必须包含authenticationManager,accessDecisionManager,securityMetadataSource三个属性 --> 
<b:bean id="customizedFilter" class="demo.security.CustomizedFilterSecurityInterceptor">
 <b:property name="authenticationManager" ref="authenticationManagerBean" />
 <b:property name="accessDecisionManager" ref="accessDecisionManagerBean" />
 <b:property name="securityMetadataSource" ref="securityMetadataSourceBean" />
</b:bean>

3.4) 同时增加异常处理配置，针对验证过程中的异常记性处理

<!-- 认证异常处理 -->
<b:bean id="exceptionMappingAuthenticationFailureHandler" 
	class="org.springframework.security.web.authentication.ExceptionMappingAuthenticationFailureHandler">
 <b:property name="exceptionMappings">
  <b:map>
   <!-- 用户不存在 -->
   <b:entry key="org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UsernameNotFoundException"  
	value="/login.jsp?sign=No User" />
   <!-- 凭证错误(密码不正确) -->
   <b:entry key="org.springframework.security.authentication.BadCredentialsException"  
	value="/login.jsp?sign=Bad Credentials" />
   <!-- 用户不可用	 -->
   <b:entry key="org.springframework.security.authentication.DisabledException"  
	value="/login.jsp?sign=User is disabled" />
   <!-- 登陆凭证错误	 -->
   <b:entry key="org.springframework.security.core.AuthenticationException"  
	value="/login.jsp?sign=Authentication Failure" />
  </b:map>
 </b:property>
</b:bean>

3.5) 现在将上述的整体将上述配置整体配置到SpringSecurity3的过滤器链中：

<!-- 当访问被拒绝时，会转到403.jsp -->
<http access-denied-page="/WEB-INF/error/403.jsp" pattern="/*.htm*">
  <!-- 登陆设置 -->
  <form-login login-page="/login.jsp" username-parameter="loginName" 
    password-parameter="password" login-processing-url="/login.htm"
    authentication-failure-url="/login.jsp?sign=BadCredentials" 
	default-target-url="/index.htm" always-use-default-target="true" 
    authentication-failure-handler-ref="exceptionMappingAuthenticationFailureHandler" />
  <!-- 匿名用户访问控制，这里设置不允许匿名用户登陆 -->
  <anonymous enabled="false" />
  <!-- 登出设置 -->
  <logout logout-success-url="/login.jsp" logout-url="/logout.htm" />
  <http-basic />
  <!-- 增加一个filter，位于FILTER_SECURITY_INTERCEPTOR之前 -->
  <custom-filter before="FILTER_SECURITY_INTERCEPTOR" ref="customizedFilter" />
</http>

3.6) 同时增加自身项目需要白名单设置：

<!-- 安全资源白名单(URL) -->
<b:bean id="securityMetadataSourceTrustListHolder" 
	class="demo.security.util.SecurityMetadataSourceTrustListHolder" >
	<b:property name="trustList">
		<b:list>
			<b:value>/index.htm</b:value>
			<b:value>/hello.htm</b:value>
		</b:list>
	</b:property>
</b:bean>

<!-- 安全用户白名单 -->
<b:bean id="securityUserTrustListHolder" 
	class="demo.security.util.SecurityUserTrustListHolder" >
	<b:property name="trustList">
		<b:list>
			<b:value>administrator</b:value>
		</b:list>
	</b:property>
</b:bean>

3.7) 开启SpringSecurity3日志：

<!-- 开启Spring Security3认证和授权日志 -->
<b:bean class="org.springframework.security.authentication.event.LoggerListener"/>
<b:bean class="org.springframework.security.access.event.LoggerListener"/>

4. 自定义拦截器代码。最核心的代码就是invoke方法中的InterceptorStatusToken token = super.beforeInvocation(fi);这一句，即在执行doFilter之前，进行权限的检查，而具体的实现已经交给accessDecisionManager了。

/**
 * 权限拦截器
 * 
 * @author Watson Xu
 * @since 1.0.7 <p>2013-7-10 下午4:12:18</p>
 */
public class CustomizedFilterSecurityInterceptor extends AbstractSecurityInterceptor implements Filter {

	private FilterInvocationSecurityMetadataSource securityMetadataSource;
	private static Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(CustomizedFilterSecurityInterceptor.class);

	// ~ Methods
	// ========================================================================================================

	/**
	 * Method that is actually called by the filter chain. Simply delegates to
	 * the {@link #invoke(FilterInvocation)} method.
	 * 
	 * @param request  the servlet request
	 * @param response   the servlet response
	 * @param chain  the filter chain
	 * @throws IOException   if the filter chain fails
	 * @throws ServletException if the filter chain fails
	 */
	public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response,
			FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
		//@1
		HttpServletRequest httpRequest = (HttpServletRequest)request;
		HttpServletResponse httpResponse = (HttpServletResponse)response;
		String url = httpRequest.getRequestURI().replaceFirst(httpRequest.getContextPath(), "");
		
		//	1.1）判断登陆状态：如果未登陆则要求登陆
		if(!SessionUserDetailsUtil.isLogined()) {
			httpResponse.sendRedirect(httpRequest.getContextPath() + SecurityConstants.LOGIN_URL);
			logger.info("未登陆用户，From IP:" + SecutiryRequestUtil.getRequestIp(httpRequest) + "访问 ：URI" + url);
			return;
    	}
		
		//	1.2）过用户白名单：如果为超级管理员，则直接执行
		if(SecurityUserTrustListHolder.isTrustUser(SessionUserDetailsUtil.getLoginUserName())) {
			chain.doFilter(request, response);
			return;
		}
		
		//	1.3）过资源(URL)白名单：如果为公共页面，直接执行
		if(SecurityMetadataSourceTrustListHolder.isTrustSecurityMetadataSource(url)){
			chain.doFilter(request, response);
			return;
		}
		
		FilterInvocation fi = new FilterInvocation(request, response, chain);
		invoke(fi);
	}

	public FilterInvocationSecurityMetadataSource getSecurityMetadataSource() {
		return this.securityMetadataSource;
	}

	public Class<? extends Object> getSecureObjectClass() {
		return FilterInvocation.class;
	}

	public void invoke(FilterInvocation fi) throws IOException,
			ServletException {
		//@2,进行安全验证
		InterceptorStatusToken token = null;
		try {
			token = super.beforeInvocation(fi);
		} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
			HttpServletRequest httpRequest = fi.getRequest();
			HttpServletResponse httpResponse = fi.getResponse();
			String url = httpRequest.getRequestURI().replaceFirst(httpRequest.getContextPath(), "");
			logger.info("用户 " + SessionUserDetailsUtil.getLoginUserName() + "，From IP:" + SecutiryRequestUtil.getRequestIp(httpRequest) + "。尝试访问未授权(或者) URI:" + url);
			
			httpResponse.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_ACCEPTABLE);
            RequestDispatcher dispatcher = httpRequest.getRequestDispatcher(SecurityConstants.NOT_ACCEPTABLE);
            dispatcher.forward(httpRequest, httpResponse);
			return;
		}
		
		try {
			fi.getChain().doFilter(fi.getRequest(), fi.getResponse());
		} finally {
			super.afterInvocation(token, null);
		}
	}

	public SecurityMetadataSource obtainSecurityMetadataSource() {
		return this.securityMetadataSource;
	}

	public void setSecurityMetadataSource(
			FilterInvocationSecurityMetadataSource newSource) {
		this.securityMetadataSource = newSource;
	}

	@Override
	public void destroy() {
	}

	@Override
	public void init(FilterConfig arg0) throws ServletException {
	}

}

5. 自定义资源的访问权限的定义加载器

/**
 * 安全资源（URL）和角色映射关系处理器
 * 
 * @author Watson Xu
 * @since 1.0.7 <p>2013-7-9 下午3:25:09</p>
 */
public class CustomizedInvocationSecurityMetadataSource implements FilterInvocationSecurityMetadataSource {
	
	private boolean rejectPublicInvocations = false;
	private CommonDao dao;

	private static Map<String, Integer> resources = new HashMap<String, Integer>();
	
	public CustomizedInvocationSecurityMetadataSource(CommonDao dao) {
		this.dao = dao;
		loadSecurityMetadataSource();
	}
	
	// According to a URL, Find out permission configuration of this URL.
	// 根据URL来查找所有能够访问该资源的角色。
	public Collection<ConfigAttribute> getAttributes(Object object) throws IllegalArgumentException {
		// guess object is a URL.
		//@3
		String url = ((FilterInvocation)object).getRequestUrl();
		
		if(resources.isEmpty()) return null;
		Integer resourceId = resources.get(url);
		if(rejectPublicInvocations && resourceId == null) {
			throw new IllegalArgumentException("Secure object invocation " + object +
                    " was denied as public invocations are not allowed via this interceptor. ");//请求不存在
		}
		return getRolesByResouceId(resourceId);
	}

	private Collection<ConfigAttribute> getRolesByResouceId(Integer resourceId) {
		List<String>  roles = dao.getRoleByResourceId(resourceId);
		
		Collection<ConfigAttribute> atts = null;
		if(roles != null) {
			atts = new ArrayList<ConfigAttribute>();
			for (String role : roles) {
				atts.add(new SecurityConfig(role));
			}
		}
		
		return atts;
	}
	
	//加载所有安全资源（URL）
	private void loadSecurityMetadataSource() {
		List<Map<String, Object>> resourceDtos = dao.getAllResource();
		if(resourceDtos != null) {
			resources.clear();
			for (Map<String, Object> dto : resourceDtos) {
				resources.put(dto.get("url").toString(), Integer.parseInt(dto.get("id").toString())); 
			}
		}
	}
	
	public boolean supports(Class<?> clazz) {
		return true;
	}
	
	public Collection<ConfigAttribute> getAllConfigAttributes() {
		return null;
	}

	public void setDao(CommonDao dao) {
		this.dao = dao;
	}

	public void setRejectPublicInvocations(boolean rejectPublicInvocations) {
		this.rejectPublicInvocations = rejectPublicInvocations;
	}

}

6. 自定义决策器。在这个类中，最重要的是decide方法，如果不存在对该资源的定义，直接放行；否则，如果找到正确的角色，即认为拥有权限，并放行，否则throw new AccessDeniedException("no right");这样，就会进入上面提到的403.jsp页面。

/**
 * 安全资源（URL）权限决策器
 * 
 * @author Watson Xu
 * @since 1.0.7 <p>2013-7-10 下午4:08:42</p>
 */
public class CustomizedAccessDecisionManager implements AccessDecisionManager {

	private boolean allowIfAllAbstainDecisions = false;
	
    public boolean isAllowIfAllAbstainDecisions() {
        return allowIfAllAbstainDecisions;
    }

    public void setAllowIfAllAbstainDecisions(boolean allowIfAllAbstainDecisions) {
        this.allowIfAllAbstainDecisions = allowIfAllAbstainDecisions;
    }

    protected final void checkAllowIfAllAbstainDecisions() {
        if (!this.isAllowIfAllAbstainDecisions()) {
            throw new AccessDeniedException("Access is denied");
        }
    }
    
	//In this method, need to compare authentication with configAttributes.
	// 1, A object is a URL, a filter was find permission configuration by this URL, and pass to here.
	// 2, Check authentication has attribute in permission configuration (configAttributes)
	// 3, If not match corresponding authentication, throw a AccessDeniedException.
	
	//这里的三个参数可以片面的理解为： 用户登录后的凭证(其中包含了用户名和角色的对应关系)、请求的URL、请求的URL对应角色(这些角色可以访问这些URL)
	public void decide(Authentication authentication, Object object, Collection<ConfigAttribute> configAttributes)
			throws AccessDeniedException, InsufficientAuthenticationException {
		//@4
		if(configAttributes == null){
			return;
		}
		
		Iterator<ConfigAttribute> ite=configAttributes.iterator();
		while(ite.hasNext()){
			ConfigAttribute ca=ite.next();
			String needRole=((SecurityConfig)ca).getAttribute();
			for(GrantedAuthority ga:authentication.getAuthorities()){
				if(needRole.equals(ga.getAuthority())){  //ga is user's role.
					return;
				}
			}
		}
		
		checkAllowIfAllAbstainDecisions();
	}

	@Override
	public boolean supports(ConfigAttribute attribute) {
		return true;
	}

	@Override
	public boolean supports(Class<?> clazz) {
		return true;
	}


}

6. 其他工具类代码这不做赘述，具体可以参考附件中的工程代码。

参考：

Spring Security官方文档:http://static.springsource.org/spring-security/site/docs/3.1.x/reference/springsecurity.html
官方文档中文翻译：http://www.mossle.com/docs/springsecurity3/html/springsecurity.html
入门教程：http://www.blogjava.net/fastzch/archive/2013/05/02/315028.html
更多的自定义选择：http://blog.csdn.net/shadowsick/article/details/8576449

Spring Security3实践总结

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