Akka笔记之请求与响应

前面我们讲到了Actor的 消息传递,并看到了如何发送一条fire-n-forget消息(也就是说,消息发送给Actor后我们就不管了,不从Actor那接收响应)。

技术上来讲,消息发送给Actor就是希望能有副作用的。设计上便是如此。目标Actor可以不做响应,也可以做如下两件事情——

1. 给发送方回复一条响应(在本例中,TeacherActor会将一句名言回复给StudentActor)
2. 将响应转发给其它的目标受众Actor,后者也可以进行响应/转发/产生副作用。Router和Supervisor就是这种情况。(很快我们就会看到)


请求及响应

本文中我们只关注第一点——请求及响应周期。




这张图说明了我们这次要做的事情。为了简单点,图中我并没有画出ActorSystem, Dispatcher以及Mailbox。

1. DriverApp将一条InitSignal消息发送给StudentActor。
2. StudentActor响应InitSignal消息并将一条QuoteRequest消息发送到TeacherActor。
3. 正如前面所说的那样,TeacherActor会回复一个QuoteResponse。
4. StudentActor将日志打印到控制台或者logger里。

同样的,我们会写一个测试用例来验证下它。

现在我们来仔细地分析下这四个步骤:

1. DRIVERAPP将一条INITSIGNAL消息发送给STUDENTACTOR




现在你应该能猜到DriverApp到底是干什么的了。它只做了4件事情:

1. 初始化ActorSystem


//Initialize the ActorSystem
  val system = ActorSystem("UniversityMessageSystem”)




2. 创建TeacherActor


//create the teacher actor
  val teacherRef = system.actorOf(Props[TeacherActor], "teacherActor”)




3. 创建StudentActor


//create the Student Actor - pass the teacher actorref as a constructor parameter to StudentActor
  val studentRef = system.actorOf(Props(new StudentActor(teacherRef)), "studentActor")
 


你会注意到我把TeacherActor的一个ActorRef的引用作为构造函数的参数传给了StudentActor,这样StudentActor才能够通过ActorRef来将消息发送给TeacherActor。当然还有别的方法(比如通过 Props来传递),不过这么做对后续即将讲到的Supervisor和Router来说会方便一点。很快我们会看到子Actor也能实现这个功能,不过那个方法用在这里并不适合——学生来生成老师,这看起来不太对劲吧?

最后,

4. DriverApp将InitSignal消息发送给了StudentActor,这样StudentActor会开始将QuoteRequest消息发送给TeacherActor。


//send a message to the Student Actor
  studentRef ! InitSignal
 



DriverClass讲的已经够多了。后面的Thread.sleep和ActorSystem.shutdown就是等了几秒,以便消息发送完成,然后再最终将ActorSystem关掉。

DRIVERAPP.SCALA


package me.rerun.akkanotes.messaging.requestresponse

import akka.actor.ActorSystem 
import akka.actor.Props 
import me.rerun.akkanotes.messaging.protocols.StudentProtocol._ 
import akka.actor.ActorRef

object DriverApp extends App {

  //Initialize the ActorSystem
  val system = ActorSystem("UniversityMessageSystem")

  //construct the teacher actor
  val teacherRef = system.actorOf(Props[TeacherActor], "teacherActor")

  //construct the Student Actor - pass the teacher actorref as a constructor parameter to StudentActor
  val studentRef = system.actorOf(Props(new StudentActor(teacherRef)), "studentActor")

  //send a message to the Student Actor
  studentRef ! InitSignal

  //Let's wait for a couple of seconds before we shut down the system
  Thread.sleep(2000)

  //Shut down the ActorSystem.
  system.shutdown()

}




2. STUDENTACTOR响应INITSIGNAL消息并将QUOTEREQUEST消息发送给TEACHERACTOR

以及

4. STUDENTACTOR接收到TEACHERACTOR回复的QuoteResponse然后将日志打印到控制台/logger上来

为什么我把第2和第4点放到一起来讲?因为它太简单了,如果分开讲的话我怕你嫌我啰嗦。



那么,第2步——StudentActor接收到DriverApp发过来的InitSingal消息并将QuoteRequest发送给TeacherActor。



def receive = { 
    case InitSignal=> {
          teacherActorRef!QuoteRequest
    }
    ...
    ...

   

搞定!

第4步——StudentActor将TeacherActor发过来的消息打印出来。



说到做到:


case QuoteResponse(quoteString) => { 
      log.info ("Received QuoteResponse from Teacher")
      log.info(s"Printing from Student Actor $quoteString")
}




我猜你肯定觉得这很像是伪代码。

那么,完整的StudentActor应该是这样的:

STUDENTACTOR.SCALA


package me.rerun.akkanotes.messaging.requestresponse

import akka.actor.Actor 
import akka.actor.ActorLogging 
import me.rerun.akkanotes.messaging.protocols.TeacherProtocol._ 
import me.rerun.akkanotes.messaging.protocols.StudentProtocol._ 
import akka.actor.Props 
import akka.actor.ActorRef

class StudentActor (teacherActorRef:ActorRef) extends Actor with ActorLogging {

  def receive = {
    case InitSignal=> {
      teacherActorRef!QuoteRequest
    }

    case QuoteResponse(quoteString) => {
      log.info ("Received QuoteResponse from Teacher")
      log.info(s"Printing from Student Actor $quoteString")
    }
  }
}




3. TeacherActor回复QuoteResponse

这和我们在前面的 fire-n-forget那篇)中看到的代码是类似的。

TeacherActor接收到QuoteRequest消息然后回复一个QuoteResponse。

TEACHERACTOR.SCALA



package me.rerun.akkanotes.messaging.requestresponse

import scala.util.Random

import akka.actor.Actor 
import akka.actor.ActorLogging 
import akka.actor.actorRef2Scala 
import me.rerun.akkanotes.messaging.protocols.TeacherProtocol._


class TeacherActor extends Actor with ActorLogging {

  val quotes = List(
    "Moderation is for cowards",
    "Anything worth doing is worth overdoing",
    "The trouble is you think you have time",
    "You never gonna know if you never even try")

  def receive = {

    case QuoteRequest => {

      import util.Random

      //Get a random Quote from the list and construct a response
      val quoteResponse = QuoteResponse(quotes(Random.nextInt(quotes.size)))

      //respond back to the Student who is the original sender of QuoteRequest
      sender ! quoteResponse

    }
  }
}



测试用例

现在,我们的测试用例会来模拟下DriverApp。由于StudentActor只是打印了个日志消息,我们没法对QuoteResponse本身进行断言,那么我们就看下EventStream中是不是有这条日志消息就好了(就像上回做的那样)

那么,我们的测试用例看起来会是这样的:


"A student" must {

    "log a QuoteResponse eventually when an InitSignal is sent to it" in {

      import me.rerun.akkanotes.messaging.protocols.StudentProtocol._

      val teacherRef = system.actorOf(Props[TeacherActor], "teacherActor")
      val studentRef = system.actorOf(Props(new StudentActor(teacherRef)), "studentActor")

      EventFilter.info (start="Printing from Student Actor", occurrences=1).intercept{
        studentRef!InitSignal
      }
    }
  }
 



代码

项目的完整代码可以从 Github中进行下载。

在下一篇中,我们将会看到如何在Akka中使用调度器以及如何通过 Kamon来监控你的Akka应用。

原创文章转载请注明出处: http://it.deepinmind.com

英文原文链接


猜你喜欢

转载自deepinmind.iteye.com/blog/2147915