之前整理过一份 CentOS 6.5 Minimal 系统环境下，用源代码的方式安装 Gitlab 7.5 的文档，后面因为要将 Gitlab 升级到 8.9 的版本，操作系统也升级到了 CentOS 7，因此重新整理了一份。
Software stack
GitLab is a Ruby on Rails application that runs on the following software:
Ubuntu/Debian/CentOS/RHEL
Ruby (MRI) 2.1
Git 2.7.4+
Redis 2.8+
MySQL or PostgreSQL
全部命令都是在 root 用户下执行
1. Installing the operating system (CentOS 7 Minimal)
先配置好网卡和DNS，保证网络没问题。
Updating and adding basic software and services
先安装 wget
yum install wget
安装EPEL源
输入命令
yum install epel-release
# wget -O /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6 https://www.fedoraproject.org/static/0608B895.txt
# rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6
Add Remi’s RPM repository
Remi’s RPM Repository is unofficial repository for Centos/RHEL that provides latest versions of some software. We take advantage of Remi’s RPM repository to obtain up-to-date version of Redis.
Download the GPG key for Remi’s repository and install it on your system:
wget -O /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-remi http://rpms.famillecollet.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-remi
rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-remi
Verify that the key got installed successfully:
rpm -qa gpg*
# 查看输出是否包含
# gpg-pubkey-00f97f56-467e318a
Now install the remi-release-7 package, which will enable remi-safe repository on your system:
rpm -Uvh http://rpms.famillecollet.com/enterprise/remi-release-7.rpm
Verify that the EPEL and PUIAS Computational repositories are enabled as shown below:
yum repolist
如果出现错误 Error: Cannot retrieve metalink for repository: epel. Please verify its path and try again
vim /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo，把基础的恢复，镜像的地址注释掉
#baseurl
mirrorlist
改成
baseurl
# mirrorlist
repo id repo name status
PUIAS_6_computational PUIAS computational Base 6 - x86_64 2,018
base CentOS-6 - Base 4,802
epel Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - x86_64 7,879
extras CentOS-6 - Extras 12
updates CentOS-6 - Updates 814
repolist: 15,525
If you can’t see them listed, use the folowing command (from yum-utils package) to enable them:
先安装yum-utils，才能使用yum-config-manager，否则会出现commond not found
yum -y install yum-utils
yum-config-manager --enable epel --enable PUIAS_6_computational
最后，更新源缓存
yum clean all && yum makecache
Install the required tools for GitLab
yum -y update
yum -y groupinstall 'Development Tools'
yum -y install readline readline-devel ncurses-devel gdbm-devel glibc-devel tcl-devel openssl-devel curl-devel expat-devel db4-devel byacc sqlite-devel libyaml libyaml-devel libffi libffi-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel libxslt libxslt-devel libicu libicu-devel system-config-firewall-tui redis sudo wget crontabs logwatch logrotate perl-Time-HiRes git cmake libcom_err-devel.i686 libcom_err-devel.x86_64 ntp nodejs python-docutils
gitlab 8.0 之后的版本需要依赖 nodejs，不然安装 gitlab-shell 的时候会出现没有javascript runtime
安装vim
yum -y install vim-enhanced
update-alternatives --set editor /usr/bin/vim.basic
设置NTP时间同步
修正时区
# 删除当前默认时区
rm -rf /etc/localtime
# 复制替换默认时区为上海
ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
SSH执行以上命令，将时区修改为中国上海的时区，当然，也可以设置中国香港或北京的时间。
手动修正时间
date -s '09:16:00 2013-01-21'
使用“date”命令，修改时间和日期为2013年1月21日，时间是上午9点16分0秒。
时间自动同步和校正
yum install -y ntp # 安装时间同步服务（组件）
ntpdate us.pool.ntp.org # 设置同步服务器
date # 查看当前时间
部分系统已经安装了NTP服务，系统会根据当前记录的时区（第一步操作）自动连接ntp服务器校正时间。
Install mail server
In order to receive mail notifications, make sure to install a
mail server. The recommended one is postfix and you can install it with:
yum -y install postfix
To use and configure sendmail instead of postfix see Advanced Email Configurations.
配置默认编辑器
You can choose between editors such as nano, vi, vim, etc.
In this case we will use vim as the default editor for consistency.
ln -s /usr/bin/vim /usr/bin/editor
To remove this alias in the future:
以后删除别名的时候用这条命令
rm -i /usr/bin/editor
从源代码安装 Git
因为 Git 版本要求 2.7.4+，通过 yum install 的版本是 1.8.3，需要从源代码安装。
先删除旧版本的 git
yum -y remove git
Install the pre-requisite files for Git compilation:
yum install zlib-devel perl-CPAN gettext curl-devel expat-devel gettext-devel openssl-devel
Download and extract it:
mkdir /tmp/git && cd /tmp/git
curl --progress https://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/git-2.8.4.tar.gz | tar xz
cd git-2.8.4/
./configure
make
make prefix=/usr/local install
Make sure Git is in your $PATH:
which git
You might have to logout and login again for the $PATH to take effect.
Note: When editing config/gitlab.yml (step 6), change the git bin_path to /usr/local/bin/git.
2. Ruby
GitLab 需要 2.1 以上版本的 Ruby，但是当前不兼容 2.2 和 2.3，先删除旧的
yum remove ruby
Remove any other Ruby build if it is still present:
cd <your-ruby-source-path>
make uninstall
如果没有安装ruby，上述删除的步骤可以跳过
Download Ruby and compile it:
mkdir /tmp/ruby && cd /tmp/ruby
从网上下载
curl --progress ftp://ftp.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/2.1/ruby-2.1.8.tar.gz | tar xz
如果已经下载好，手动上传到服务器，可以先解压缩
tar -xzf ruby-2.1.8.tar.gz
进入目录
cd ruby-2.1.8
./configure --disable-install-rdoc
如果出现错误
make: Warning: File 'common.mk' has modification time 1386501635 s in the future
是由于系统的时间错误导致，可以重新配置一下系统时间，以及NTP自动同步时间
编译安装
make
make prefix=/usr/local install
Install the Bundler Gem:
由于 AWS 被墙无法使用，修改 ruby 的源
gem sources --remove https://rubygems.org/
gem sources -a https://ruby.taobao.org/
gem sources -l
gem install bundler --no-doc
Logout and login again for the $PATH to take effect. Check that ruby is properly
installed with:
which ruby
# /usr/local/bin/ruby
ruby -v
安装 go （gitlab 8.0 以后的版本需要go语言的支持）
mkdir /tmp/go && cd /tmp/go
下载
URL='https://storage.googleapis.com/golang/' && wget -c `curl -s $URL|xmllint --format - |awk -PF'[><]' '{if ($3~/linux/ && $3!~/(beta|rc)[0-9]+|armv6l|386/)a=$3}END{print "'$URL'"a}'`
解压缩
tar xf go*.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
echo "PATH=/usr/local/go/bin:\$PATH" >/etc/profile.d/go.sh
. /etc/profile.d/go.sh
go version
3. System Users
Create a git user for Gitlab:
adduser --system --shell /bin/bash --comment 'GitLab' --create-home --home-dir /home/git/ git
Important: In order to include /usr/local/bin to git user’s PATH, one way is to edit the sudoers file. As root run:
visudo
Then search for this line:
Defaults secure_path = /sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
and append /usr/local/bin like so:
Defaults secure_path = /sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin
Save and exit.
4. Database
4.2 MySQL
CentOS 7 版本将 MySQL 数据库软件从默认的程序列表中移除，用 Mariadb 代替了
yum install -y mariadb mariadb-server mariadb-devel
systemctl enable mariadb #设置开机启动
systemctl start mariadb #启动MariaDB
mariadb数据库的相关命令是：
1 2 3 4 |
systemctl start mariadb #启动MariaDB systemctl stop mariadb #停止MariaDB systemctl restart mariadb #重启MariaDB systemctl enable mariadb #设置开机启动 |
Ensure you have MySQL version 5.5.14 or later:
mysql --version
设置数据库 root 用户密码，并设置相关的安全配置
mysql_secure_installation
因为是刚安装完数据库，因此没有 root 账户的密码，按回车后，会开始让设置密码。设置完密码后，会问是否删除匿名用户（不需要密码就能登录），选择 y。
登录 MySQL (输入数据库 root 用户的密码):
mysql -u root -p
Create a user for GitLab (change $password in the command below to a real password you pick):
修改$password为自己的密码
CREATE USER 'git'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '$password';
Ensure you can use the InnoDB engine which is necessary to support long indexes.
If this fails, check your MySQL config files (e.g. /etc/mysql/*.cnf, /etc/mysql/conf.d/*) for the setting “innodb = off”.
SET storage_engine=INNODB;
Create the GitLab production database:
CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS `gitlabhq_production` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET `utf8` COLLATE `utf8_unicode_ci`;
Grant the GitLab user necessary permissions on the table:
GRANT SELECT, LOCK TABLES, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, INDEX, ALTER ON `gitlabhq_production`.* TO 'git'@'localhost';
Quit the database session:
\q
Try connecting to the new database with the new user:
sudo -u git -H mysql -u git -p -D gitlabhq_production
使用上面在MySQL中创建的git用户的密码
Type the password you replaced $password with earlier.
Quit the database session:
\q
配置 MySQL max_allowed_packet 的大小，避免POST太大的内容导致出现 500 错误，例如 GitLab 发出 MergeRequest 的时候返回 500 错误。
vim /etc/my.cnf
在 mysqld 中添加 max_allowed_packet，调整值，加大为一个合适的数字即可。
[mysqld]
max_allowed_packet=512M
然后 reload 下 mysql 的服务即可。
systemctl restart mariadb
5. Redis
Make sure redis is started on boot:
chkconfig redis on
Configure redis to use sockets:
cp /etc/redis.conf /etc/redis.conf.orig
Disable Redis listening on TCP by setting ‘port’ to 0:
sed 's/^port .*/port 0/' /etc/redis.conf.orig | sudo tee /etc/redis.conf
Enable Redis socket for default CentOS path:
echo 'unixsocket /var/run/redis/redis.sock' | sudo tee -a /etc/redis.conf
echo -e 'unixsocketperm 0775' | sudo tee -a /etc/redis.conf
Activate the changes to redis.conf:
service redis restart
Add git to the redis group:
usermod -aG redis git
6. GitLab
# We'll install GitLab into home directory of the user "git"
cd /home/git
Clone the Source
# 先切换到git账户
su - git
# 再clone代码
git clone https://github.com/gitlabhq/gitlabhq.git -b 8-8-stable gitlab
或者中文翻译版
git clone https://gitlab.com/larryli/gitlab.git -b 8-8-zh gitlab
# 退出git用户操作命令，使用root用户操作
logout
Configure it
# Go to GitLab installation folder
cd /home/git/gitlab
为了方便添加 git 用户拥有 root 权限，sudoers文件默认没有写权限需要强制保存:wq!
vi /etc/sudoers
最后添加
1 |
git ALL=(ALL) ALL |
Copy the example GitLab config
sudo -u git -H cp config/gitlab.yml.example config/gitlab.yml
Update GitLab config file, follow the directions at top of file
sudo -u git -H vim config/gitlab.yml
配置如下信息
1 2 3 4 |
host: 192.168.137.142 port: 8008 email_from: [email protected] default_theme: 1 |
确保 GitLab 可以写 log/ and tmp/ 目录
chown -R git log/
chown -R git tmp/
chmod -R u+rwX log/
chmod -R u+rwX tmp/
Create directory for satellites
sudo -u git -H mkdir /home/git/gitlab-satellites
chmod u+rwx,g=rx,o-rwx /home/git/gitlab-satellites
Make sure GitLab can write to the tmp/pids/ and tmp/sockets/ directories
chmod -R u+rwX tmp/pids/
chmod -R u+rwX tmp/sockets/
Make sure GitLab can write to the public/uploads/ directory
sudo -u git mkdir /home/git/gitlab/public/uploads
chmod -R u+rwX /home/git/gitlab/public/uploads
Copy the example Unicorn config
sudo -u git -H cp config/unicorn.rb.example config/unicorn.rb
Find number of cores
nproc
# Enable cluster mode if you expect to have a high load instance
# Ex. change amount of workers to 3 for 2GB RAM server
# Set the number of workers to at least the number of cores
sudo -u git -H vim config/unicorn.rb
特别注意：比较差配置的机器，注意将unicorn.rb中的timeout设置大一点，因为第一次启动的时候Gitlab需要初始化，如果timeout太小，由于需要执行较长时间，导致无法正常启动，出现502错误**
Copy the example Rack attack config
sudo -u git -H cp config/initializers/rack_attack.rb.example config/initializers/rack_attack.rb
Configure Git global settings for git user, useful when editing via web.
Edit user.email according to what is set in gitlab.yml
sudo -u git -H git config --global user.name "GitLab"
sudo -u git -H git config --global user.email "[email protected]"
sudo -u git -H git config --global core.autocrlf input
# Configure Redis connection settings
sudo -u git -H cp config/resque.yml.example config/resque.yml
如果不使用Redis的默认端口，则需要配置，Change the Redis socket path if you are not using the default CentOS configuration
sudo -u git -H vim config/resque.yml
Important Note: Make sure to edit both gitlab.yml and unicorn.rb to match your setup.
Note: If you want to use HTTPS, see Using HTTPS for the additional steps.
配置一下权限
sudo chmod 700 /home/git/gitlab/public/uploads
sudo chmod -R ug+rwX,o-rwx /home/git/repositories/
sudo chmod -R ug-s /home/git/repositories/
sudo find /home/git/repositories/ -type d -print0 | sudo xargs -0 chmod g+s
Configure GitLab DB settings
sudo -u git cp config/database.yml.mysql config/database.yml
配置数据库的密码，修改为正确的用户名和密码，分别修改git用户和root用户
sudo -u git -H vim config/database.yml
Make config/database.yml readable to git only
sudo -u git -H chmod o-rwx config/database.yml
Install Gems
Note: As of bundler 1.5.2, you can invoke bundle install -jN
(where N the number of your processor cores) and enjoy the parallel gems installation with measurable
difference in completion time (~60% faster). Check the number of your cores with nproc.
For more information check this post.
First make sure you have bundler >= 1.5.2 (run bundle -v) as it addresses some issues
that were fixed in 1.5.2.
cd /home/git/gitlab
修改为淘宝的ruby源
vi Gemfile
修改为
1 |
source "https://ruby.taobao.org/" |
sudo -u git -H bundle install --deployment --without development test postgres aws
这一步的时间会等很久
Install GitLab shell
GitLab Shell is an SSH access and repository management software developed specially for GitLab.
Run the installation task for gitlab-shell (replace REDIS_URL if needed):
su - git
cd /home/git/gitlab
bundle exec rake gitlab:shell:install[v$(cat GITLAB_SHELL_VERSION)] REDIS_URL=unix:/var/run/redis/redis.sock RAILS_ENV=production
logout
如果出现错误
1 |
Errno::ENOENT: No such file or directory - /usr/bin/git |
找一下 git 所在的位置
which git
例如我是在/usr/local/bin/git，因此建立软连接
ln -s /usr/local/bin/git /usr/bin/git
By default, the gitlab-shell config is generated from your main GitLab config. You can review (and modify) the gitlab-shell config as follows:
sudo -u git -H editor /home/git/gitlab-shell/config.yml
# Ensure the correct SELinux contexts are set
# Read http://wiki.centos.org/HowTos/Network/SecuringSSH
restorecon -Rv /home/git/.ssh
安装 gitlab-workhorse
su - git
cd /home/git/
git clone https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-workhorse.git
logout
cd /home/git/gitlab-workhorse
编译安装
sudo -u git -H make
如果出现错误
1 |
/bin/sh: go: 未找到命令 |
找一下 go 所在的位置
which go
例如我是在 /usr/local/go/bin/go，因此建立软连接
ln -s /usr/local/go/bin/go /usr/bin/go
然后重新编译安装一下
Note: If you want to use HTTPS, see Using HTTPS for the additional steps.
初始化数据并且激活高级特性
cd /home/git/gitlab/
sudo -u git -H bundle exec rake gitlab:setup RAILS_ENV=production
Type yes to create the database.
When done you see Administrator account created:.
Note: You can set the Administrator password by supplying it in environmental variable GITLAB_ROOT_PASSWORD, eg.:
Install Init Script
Download the init script (will be /etc/init.d/gitlab):
sudo cp /home/git/gitlab/lib/support/init.d/gitlab /etc/init.d/gitlab
chmod +x /etc/init.d/gitlab
chkconfig --add gitlab
Make GitLab start on boot:
chkconfig gitlab on
Set up logrotate
cp lib/support/logrotate/gitlab /etc/logrotate.d/gitlab
Check Application Status
Check if GitLab and its environment are configured correctly:
sudo -u git -H bundle exec rake gitlab:env:info RAILS_ENV=production
Compile assets
sudo -u git -H bundle exec rake assets:precompile RAILS_ENV=production
Start your GitLab instance
service gitlab start
7. Configure the web server
Use either Nginx or Apache, not both. Official installation guide recommends nginx.
Nginx
You will need a new version of nginx otherwise you might encounter an issue like this.
To do so, follow the instructions provided by the nginx wiki and then install nginx with:
yum update
yum -y install nginx
chkconfig nginx on
使用SSl
cp lib/support/nginx/gitlab-ssl /etc/nginx/conf.d/gitlab.conf
不使用SSL
cp lib/support/nginx/gitlab /etc/nginx/conf.d/gitlab.conf
Edit /etc/nginx/conf.d/gitlab.conf and replace git.example.com with your FQDN. Make sure to read the comments in order to properly set up SSL.
vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/gitlab.conf
去掉listen后面的default_server，修改为正确的端口号
去掉 listen [::]:
修改server_name 为本机的IP地址
修改client_max_body_size 256m; 否则当推送较多数据到 gitlab 上时，会由于数据过大，而出现错误
fatal: The remote end hung up unexpectedly fatal: The remote end hung up unexpectedly error: RPC failed; result=22, HTTP code = 413
Add nginx user to git group:
usermod -a -G git nginx
chmod g+rx /home/git/
//chmod -R g+rx /home/git/gitlab/
# 修改权限
//chmod o+x /home/git
将selinux关闭，否则会出现 nginx 访问错误 (13: Permission denied)，HTTP显示502
setenforce 0 # 只是临时关闭，重启后问题仍然出现
Finally start nginx with:
service nginx start
出现错误
nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:8080 failed (13: Permission denied)
注意：开启selinux情况下正常使用nginx，需要修改selinux的策略
将selinux关闭就可以
查看SELinux状态：
1、/usr/sbin/sestatus -v ##如果SELinux status参数为enabled即为开启状态
SELinux status: enabled
2、getenforce ##也可以用这个命令检查
关闭SELinux：
1、临时关闭（不用重启机器）：
setenforce 0 ##设置SELinux 成为permissive模式
##setenforce 1 设置SELinux 成为enforcing模式
2、修改配置文件需要重启机器：
修改/etc/selinux/config 文件
vi /etc/selinux/config
将SELINUX=enforcing 改为 SELINUX=disabled,重启机器即可
shutdown -r now
service gitlab restart
Test Configuration
Validate your gitlab or gitlab-ssl Nginx config file with the following command:
nginx -t
You should receive syntax is okay and test is successful messages. If you receive errors check your gitlab or gitlab-ssl Nginx config file for typos, etc. as indiciated in the error message given.
//vi /home/git/gitlab-shell/config.yml
//修改gitlab_url为nginx中配置的相应端口
//gitlab_url: http://192.168.137.142:8083/
8. Configure the firewall
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl mask firewalld
设置开放端口到服务器外访问，这里以8081为例子，需要替换为真实的端口
/sbin/iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 8081 -j ACCEPT
Restart the service for the changes to take effect:
service iptables restart
Done!
Double-check Application Status
To make sure you didn’t miss anything run a more thorough check with:
cd /home/git/gitlab
sudo -u git -H bundle exec rake gitlab:check RAILS_ENV=production
如果都是绿色的，表示安装成功。
Initial Login
默认的用户名是 root，一开始会要求重新设置密码
root
5iveL!fe
代码更新
修改Github上的代码，然后更新到服务器上
cd /home/git/gitlab/
git fetch origin
git merge origin/7-5-zh
# 重启 gitlab
service gitlab restart
Gitlab 备份
官网的备份说明
https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/blob/master/doc/raketasks/backup_restore.md
查看备份设置
vim /home/git/gitlab/config/gitlab.yml
检查Backup Settings设置项
默认情况下，备份文件是存放在/home/git/gitlab/tmp/backups/
执行备份
sudo service gitlab stop # 先停止Gitlab，可以不暂停
cd /home/git/gitlab/
sudo -u git -H bundle exec rake gitlab:backup:create RAILS_ENV=production
执行完成后，会在/home/git/gitlab/tmp/backups/目录下创建一个备份俄文件，以时间戳_gitlab_backup命名如 1417040627_gitlab_backup.tar
重新启动
sudo service gitlab start
sudo service nginx restart
还原
需要给其他用户配置读写执行的权限
chmod o+wrx /home/git/.ssh/authorized_keys.lock
否则会出现如下错误，是由于没有权限
/home/git/gitlab-shell/lib/gitlab_keys.rb:101:in `initialize’: Permission denied @ rb_sysopen - /home/git/.ssh/authorized_keys.lock (Errno::EACCES)
需要使用 git 用户来执行，否则会没有权限操作 git 目录下的文件，timestamp_of_backup为时间戳如 1417040627
sudo service gitlab stop
cd /home/git/gitlab/
sudo -u git -H bundle exec rake gitlab:backup:restore BACKUP=timestamp_of_backup RAILS_ENV=production
如果是从全新部署的 gitlab 还原，需要执行这一步
sudo -u git -H bundle exec rake gitlab:satellites:create RAILS_ENV=production
重启 gitlab
sudo service gitlab start
sudo service nginx restart
sudo -u git -H bundle exec rake gitlab:check RAILS_ENV=production
设置自动备份
sudo service gitlab stop;
cd /home/git/gitlab;
sudo -u git -H editor config/gitlab.yml;
# Enable keep_time in the backup section to automatically delete old backups
keep_time参数默认是604800（单位是秒），因此会保留最近7天内的备份
sudo -u git crontab -e # Edit the crontab for the git user
将如下内容添加到文件末尾
# Create a full backup of the GitLab repositories and SQL database every day at 2am
0 2 * * * cd /home/git/gitlab && PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin bundle exec rake gitlab:backup:create RAILS_ENV=production CRON=1
每天凌晨2点自动备份
The CRON=1 environment setting tells the backup script to suppress all progress output if there are no errors. This is recommended to reduce cron spam.
重新启动
sudo service gitlab start;
sudo service nginx restart;
sudo -u git -H bundle exec rake gitlab:check RAILS_ENV=production;
忘记管理员密码
可以参考这篇文章
Gitlab 服务器上使用
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# Gitlab 安装路径 cd /home/git/gitlab # 进入Rails控制台 sudo -u git -H bundle exec rails console production |
ominbus上使用
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sudo gitlab-rails console # 或者 sudo gitlab-rake rails console |
进入控制台，如果知道需要修改用户的邮箱，使用如下，直接修改
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user = User.find_by(email: '[email protected]') user.password = 'secret_password' user.password_confirmation = 'secret_password' user.save |
如果不知道具体邮箱，可以通过find来查找邮箱
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user = User.find(1) |