一:相机1. 调用camera
1). Android6.0[M]以下版本,不用申请权限,直接调用相机拍照,此时传入file类型的imgUri
imgFile = new File(getExternalCacheDir(), "camera.png");
//"/storage/emulated/0/Android/data/com.lyl.takephoto/cache/camera.png"
//File -> Uri
imgUri = Uri.fromFile(imgFile);
//"file:///storage/emulated/0/Android/data/com.lyl.avatar/cache/abc.png"
Intent intent = new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);
intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, imgUri);
startActivityForResult(intent, Const.REQ_CAMERA);
2.1). Android6.0[M]及以上版本,申请权限
private void openCamera(){
ArrayList<String> permissionList = new ArrayList<>();
String[] permissions = {Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, Manifest.permission.CAMERA};
//判断手机版本,如果低于6.0 则不用申请权限,直接拍照
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
if (checkSelfPermission(permissions[0]) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
permissionList.add(permissions[0]);
}
if (checkSelfPermission(permissions[1]) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
permissionList.add(permissions[1]);
}
if (!permissionList.isEmpty()) {
String[] permissions1 = permissionList.toArray(new String[permissionList.size()]);
requestPermissions(permissions1, Const.REQ_PERMISSION);
} else {
startCamera();
}
}else {
startCamera();
}
}
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {
switch (requestCode){
case Const.REQ_PERMISSION:
if (PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED == grantResults[0]){
startCamera();
} else {
Toast.makeText(this, "获取权限失败", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
break;
}
}
2.2). Android7.0[N]及以上版本,拍照前传入conten类型的imgUri,调用相机拍照
imgFile = new File(getExternalCacheDir(), "camera.png");
/*
Android7.0以后不再使用真实路径的Uri,即从"file:///" -> "content://"
FileProvider是特殊的内容提供者,可以选择性的将封装过的Uri共享给外部
FileProvider是ContentProvider的子类,清单文件中要添加provider
*/
//注意参2和AndroidManifest.xml中的fileprovider路径一致
imgUri = FileProvider.getUriForFile(MainActivity.this, BuildConfig.APPLICATION_ID + ".fileprovider", imgFile);
//content://com.lyl.takephoto.fileprovider/external_files/Android/data/com.lyl.takephoto/cache/camera.png
Intent intent = new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);
intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, imgUri);
startActivityForResult(intent, Const.REQ_CAMERA);
2. 调用gallery剪裁
1). Android7.0[N]以下版本
Intent intent = new Intent("com.android.camera.action.CROP");
//在查询支持剪裁意图之前,一定要设置图片格式,否则不能找到该意图
//file:///storage/emulated/0/Android/data/com.lyl.takephoto/cache/camera.png
intent.setDataAndType(imgUri, "image/*");
//intent.setType("image/*");//需要裁减的图片格式
//intent.setData(imgUri); // 对裁剪的设置
// 用包管理器查询有没有Activity能够支持这条意图
List<ResolveInfo> list = this.getPackageManager().queryIntentActivities(intent, 0);
if (list.size() > 0) {//可以剪裁,发出Const.REQ_CROP请求 -> 3
if (list.size() >= 1) {
// 在某些机型上,相机的裁剪Activity可能是不公开的,所以要用显示意图
intent.setComponent(new ComponentName(list.get(0).activityInfo.packageName, list.get(0).activityInfo.name));
}
final int outSize = Const.dip2px(this, 59);
intent.putExtra("outputX", outSize);
intent.putExtra("outputY", outSize);
intent.putExtra("aspectX", 1);
intent.putExtra("aspectY", 1);
intent.putExtra("scale", true);
intent.putExtra("crop", "true");
intent.putExtra("return-data", true);
//true:返回Intent类型的data,该数据包含Bitmap信息;false:不返回data
//"return-data"默认置false
startActivityForResult(intent, Const.REQ_CROP);
return true;
} else { //不支持剪裁 -> 4
return false;
}
2). Android7.0[N]及以上版本
(1). 在剪裁之前,若找不到imgUri,可先发广播刷新
//在手机相册中显示刚拍摄的图片
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N) {
Intent mediaScanIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_MEDIA_SCANNER_SCAN_FILE);
//Uri contentUri = Uri.fromFile(fileN);
// android.os.FileUriExposedException: file:exposed beyond app through Intent.getData()
//要用 FileProvider.getUriForFile()来代替原本的Uri.fromFile();
mediaScanIntent.setData(imgUri);
sendBroadcast(mediaScanIntent); // 发这个广播的意图是:刷新单个文件
}
(2). 剪裁时,要设置MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT 和 Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION
//storage/emulated/0/Android/data/com.lyl.takephoto/cache/galleryCorp.jpg
File CropPhoto = new File(getExternalCacheDir(), "galleryCorp.jpg");//这个是创建一个截取后的图片路径和名称。
//file:///storage/emulated/0/Android/data/com.lyl.takephoto/cache/galleryCorp.jpg
Uri ImageUri = Uri.fromFile(CropPhoto);//裁剪成功以后保存的位置
intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, ImageUri);//将URI指向相应的"file:///"
intent.putExtra("outputFormat", Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG.toString());//输出格式
intent.putExtra("noFaceDetection", true);//不要人脸识别功能
intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION); //添加这一句表示对目标应用临时授权该Uri所代表的文件
3. 若支持剪裁:把剪裁后的数据变为bitmap,设置头像
1). Android7.0[N]以下版本
Bundle extras = data.getExtras();
if (extras != null) {
mAvatarBitmap = (Bitmap) extras.getParcelable("data");
//剪裁时,intent.putExtra("return-data", true);
// data为“Intent { (has extras) }”,mAvatarBitmap不为null,可获取到图片数据
//intent.putExtra("return-data", false);
//data为“Intent { dat=content://media/external/images/media/526205 (has extras) }"
//mAvatarBitmap为null
if (mAvatarBitmap != null) {
mAvatar.setImageBitmap(mAvatarBitmap);
}
}
2). Android7.0[N]及以上版本
Bundle extras = data.getExtras();
if (extras != null) {
mAvatarBitmap = (Bitmap) extras.getParcelable("data");
//剪裁时,intent.putExtra("return-data", true);
// data为“Intent { dat=file:///storage/emulated/0/Android/data/com.lyl.takephoto/cache/galleryCorp.jpg (has extras) }”,mAvatarBitmap不为null,可获取到图片数据
//intent.putExtra("return-data", false);
//data为“Intent { (has extras) }"
//mAvatarBitmap为null
if (mAvatarBitmap != null) {
mAvatar.setImageBitmap(mAvatarBitmap);
}
}
4.不支持剪裁:把imgFile转换为bitmap,设置头像
mAvatarBitmap = ImageUtil.samplePictureIfNeeded(this, imgFile, Const.dip2px(this, 59), Const.dip2px(this, 59));
mAvatar.setImageBitmap(mAvatarBitmap);
二:相册
1. 调用相册
Intent msIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_PICK);
msIntent.setData(MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI);
startActivityForResult(msIntent, Const.REQ_MEDIASTORE);
2. 调用gallery剪裁 - 同相机
3. 若支持剪裁 - 同相机 4.不支持剪裁:把imgFile转换为bitmap,设置头像
// 不支持裁剪,那么就对图片进行采样处理
// 先拿到图片路径
Cursor cursor = MediaStore.Images.Media.query(this.getContentResolver(), data.getData(),
new String[]{MediaStore.Images.ImageColumns.DATA});
if (cursor != null && cursor.moveToNext()) {
final int pathIndex = cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Images.ImageColumns.DATA);
String path = cursor.getString(pathIndex);
cursor.close();
mAvatarBitmap = ImageUtil.samplePictureIfNeeded(this, new File(path),
Const.dip2px(this, 59), Const.dip2px(this, 59));
mAvatar.setImageBitmap(mAvatarBitmap);
}
三:Android版本及API等级关系
android_5.0 / api_21 / Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP
android_5.1 / api_22 / Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP_MR1
android_6.0 / api_23 / Build.VERSION_CODES.M
android_7.0 / api_24 / Build.VERSION_CODES.N
android_7.1 / api_25 / Build.VERSION_CODES.N_MR1
android_8.0 / api_26 / Build.VERSION_CODES.O
android_8.1 / api_27 / Build.VERSION_CODES.O_MR1
android_9.0 / api_28 / Build.VERSION_CODES.P
四:参考文献