在手动安装（针对源码编译PG或者是解压缩版安装PG的情形）情况下，PG并不是在开机的情况下自动启动，在关机的情况下自动停止，作为DBA人员来说，显然这样的情形是无法接受的。
1. windows下的服务自启动
在Windows下， 可以使用pg_ctl命令生成PostgreSQL服务，并让它自启动。实际上，安装版本也是这么做的。 我们不妨看看pg_ctl命令的详细帮助先：
- D:\pg921>pg_ctl --help
- pg_ctl is a utility to initialize, start, stop, or control a PostgreSQL server.
- Usage:
- pg_ctl init[db] [-D DATADIR] [-s] [-o "OPTIONS"]
- pg_ctl start [-w] [-t SECS] [-D DATADIR] [-s] [-l FILENAME] [-o "OPTIONS"]
- pg_ctl stop [-W] [-t SECS] [-D DATADIR] [-s] [-m SHUTDOWN-MODE]
- pg_ctl restart [-w] [-t SECS] [-D DATADIR] [-s] [-m SHUTDOWN-MODE]
- [-o "OPTIONS"]
- pg_ctl reload [-D DATADIR] [-s]
- pg_ctl status [-D DATADIR]
- pg_ctl promote [-D DATADIR] [-s]
- pg_ctl kill SIGNALNAME PID
- <strong> pg_ctl register [-N SERVICENAME] [-U USERNAME] [-P PASSWORD] [-D DATADIR]
- [-S START-TYPE] [-w] [-t SECS] [-o "OPTIONS"]
- pg_ctl unregister [-N SERVICENAME]</strong>
- Common options:
- -D, --pgdata=DATADIR location of the database storage area
- -s, --silent only print errors, no informational messages
- -t, --timeout=SECS seconds to wait when using -w option
- -V, --version output version information, then exit
- -w wait until operation completes
- -W do not wait until operation completes
- -?, --help show this help, then exit
- (The default is to wait for shutdown, but not for start or restart.)
- If the -D option is omitted, the environment variable PGDATA is used.
- Options for start or restart:
- -c, --core-files not applicable on this platform
- -l, --log=FILENAME write (or append) server log to FILENAME
- -o OPTIONS command line options to pass to postgres
- (PostgreSQL server executable) or initdb
- -p PATH-TO-POSTGRES normally not necessary
- Options for stop or restart:
- -m, --mode=MODE MODE can be "smart", "fast", or "immediate"
- Shutdown modes are:
- smart quit after all clients have disconnected
- fast quit directly, with proper shutdown
- immediate quit without complete shutdown; will lead to recovery on restart
- Allowed signal names for kill:
- ABRT HUP INT QUIT TERM USR1 USR2
- Options for register and unregister:
- -N SERVICENAME service name with which to register PostgreSQL server
- -P PASSWORD password of account to register PostgreSQL server
- -U USERNAME user name of account to register PostgreSQL server
- -S START-TYPE service start type to register PostgreSQL server
- Start types are:
- auto start service automatically during system startup (default)
- demand start service on demand
- Report bugs to <[email protected]>.
如：
D:\pg921>pg_ctl register -N pg921 -D d:\pg921\data -S auto -w -t 10 -l d:/pg921/log/pg921.log -o "-p 5433"
此命令，即是要生成一个服务：pg921, 启动方式： -S auto, 自启动，如果想生成手动启动，就用-S demand来指定。
-t 10，意指等待10秒钟, 实际上可以设定的长一些(在生产环境中).
-l d:/pg921/log/pg921.log， 指定生成的日志文件的位置。
-o "-p 5433", 将服务端口号改为5433。
验证一下上述命令生成的效果：
- D:\pg921>net start pg921
- The pg921 service is starting.
- The pg921 service was started successfully.
- D:\pg921>psql -p 5433 iihero
- psql (9.2.1)
- Type "help" for help.
- iihero=# \q
2. Linux下的服务自启动
在Linux下，我们需要写一个自启动的脚本，至少支持两个命令选项： start 和 stop，并将这个脚本建立适当的链接。我们就以Ubuntu10为例，
先看看系统有没有chkconfig命令工具：
xionghe@seanlinux2:~$ chkconfig
程序“chkconfig”尚未安装。 您可以使用以下命令安装：
sudo apt-get install chkconfig
xionghe@seanlinux2:~$ sudo apt-get install chkconfig
脚本内容如下： 放入目录/etc/init.d目录下边
- #! /bin/sh
- # Installation prefix
- prefix=/home/xionghe/pgsql
- # Data directory
- PGDATA="/home/xionghe/pgsql/data"
- # Who to run the postmaster as, usually "postgres". (NOT "root")
- PGUSER=xionghe
- # Where to keep a log file
- PGLOG="$PGDATA/serverlog"
- # It's often a good idea to protect the postmaster from being killed by the
- # OOM killer (which will tend to preferentially kill the postmaster because
- # of the way it accounts for shared memory). Setting the OOM_ADJ value to
- # -17 will disable OOM kill altogether. If you enable this, you probably want
- # to compile PostgreSQL with "-DLINUX_OOM_ADJ=0", so that individual backends
- # can still be killed by the OOM killer.
- #OOM_ADJ=-17
- ## STOP EDITING HERE
- # The path that is to be used for the script
- PATH=/home/xionghe/pgsql/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
- # What to use to start up the postmaster. (If you want the script to wait
- # until the server has started, you could use "pg_ctl start -w" here.
- # But without -w, pg_ctl adds no value.)
- DAEMON="$prefix/bin/postmaster"
- # What to use to shut down the postmaster
- PGCTL="$prefix/bin/pg_ctl"
- set -e
- # Only start if we can find the postmaster.
- test -x $DAEMON ||
- {
- echo "$DAEMON not found"
- if [ "$1" = "stop" ]
- then exit 0
- else exit 5
- fi
- }
- # Parse command line parameters.
- case $1 in
- start)
- echo -n "Starting PostgreSQL: "
- test x"$OOM_ADJ" != x && echo "$OOM_ADJ" > /proc/self/oom_adj
- su - $PGUSER -c "$DAEMON -D '$PGDATA' &" >>$PGLOG 2>&1
- echo "ok"
- ;;
- stop)
- echo -n "Stopping PostgreSQL: "
- su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL stop -D '$PGDATA' -s -m fast"
- echo "ok"
- ;;
- restart)
- echo -n "Restarting PostgreSQL: "
- su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL stop -D '$PGDATA' -s -m fast -w"
- test x"$OOM_ADJ" != x && echo "$OOM_ADJ" > /proc/self/oom_adj
- su - $PGUSER -c "$DAEMON -D '$PGDATA' &" >>$PGLOG 2>&1
- echo "ok"
- ;;
- reload)
- echo -n "Reload PostgreSQL: "
- su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL reload -D '$PGDATA' -s"
- echo "ok"
- ;;
- status)
- su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL status -D '$PGDATA'"
- ;;
- *)
- # Print help
- echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|reload|status}" 1>&2
- exit 1
- ;;
- esac
- exit 0
建立相应链接：
root@seanlinux2:/etc# ln -s /etc/init.d/postgresql /etc/rc0.d/K02postgresql
root@seanlinux2:/etc# ln -s /etc/init.d/postgresql /etc/rc1.d/K02postgresql
root@seanlinux2:/etc# ln -s /etc/init.d/postgresql /etc/rc2.d/K02postgresql
root@seanlinux2:/etc# ln -s /etc/init.d/postgresql /etc/rc3.d/K98postgresql
root@seanlinux2:/etc# ln -s /etc/init.d/postgresql /etc/rc4.d/K98postgresql
root@seanlinux2:/etc# ln -s /etc/init.d/postgresql /etc/rc5.d/K98postgresql