原文：https://www.cnblogs.com/lcamry/p/8392376.html
Python监控目录和文件变化
一、os.listdir
import os, time
path_to_watch = "."
before = dict ([(f, None) for f in os.listdir (path_to_watch)])
while 1:
time.sleep (10)
after = dict ([(f, None) for f in os.listdir (path_to_watch)])
added = [f for f in after if not f in before]
removed = [f for f in before if not f in after]
if added: print "Added: ", ", ".join (added)
if removed: print "Removed: ", ", ".join (removed)
before = after二、FindFirstChangeNotification
import os
import win32file
import win32event
import win32con
path_to_watch = os.path.abspath (".")
#
# FindFirstChangeNotification sets up a handle for watching
# file changes. The first parameter is the path to be
# watched; the second is a boolean indicating whether the
# directories underneath the one specified are to be watched;
# the third is a list of flags as to what kind of changes to
# watch for. We're just looking at file additions / deletions.
#
change_handle = win32file.FindFirstChangeNotification (
path_to_watch,
0,
win32con.FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_FILE_NAME
)
#
# Loop forever, listing any file changes. The WaitFor... will
# time out every half a second allowing for keyboard interrupts
# to terminate the loop.
#
try:
old_path_contents = dict ([(f, None) for f in os.listdir (path_to_watch)])
while 1:
result = win32event.WaitForSingleObject (change_handle, 500)
#
# If the WaitFor... returned because of a notification (as
# opposed to timing out or some error) then look for the
# changes in the directory contents.
#
if result == win32con.WAIT_OBJECT_0:
new_path_contents = dict ([(f, None) for f in os.listdir (path_to_watch)])
added = [f for f in new_path_contents if not f in old_path_contents]
deleted = [f for f in old_path_contents if not f in new_path_contents]
if added: print "Added: ", ", ".join (added)
if deleted: print "Deleted: ", ", ".join (deleted)
old_path_contents = new_path_contents
win32file.FindNextChangeNotification (change_handle)
finally:
win32file.FindCloseChangeNotification (change_handle)三、ReadDirectoryChanges
#coding:utf8
#author:lcamryimport os
import win32file
import win32con
ACTIONS = {
1 : "Created",
2 : "Deleted",
3 : "Updated",
4 : "Renamed from something",
5 : "Renamed to something"
}
# Thanks to Claudio Grondi for the correct set of numbers
FILE_LIST_DIRECTORY = 0x0001
path_to_watch = "."
hDir = win32file.CreateFile (
path_to_watch,
FILE_LIST_DIRECTORY,
win32con.FILE_SHARE_READ | win32con.FILE_SHARE_WRITE | win32con.FILE_SHARE_DELETE,
None,
win32con.OPEN_EXISTING,
win32con.FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS,
None
)
while 1:
#
# ReadDirectoryChangesW takes a previously-created
# handle to a directory, a buffer size for results,
# a flag to indicate whether to watch subtrees and
# a filter of what changes to notify.
#
# NB Tim Juchcinski reports that he needed to up
# the buffer size to be sure of picking up all
# events when a large number of files were
# deleted at once.
#
results = win32file.ReadDirectoryChangesW (
hDir,
1024,
True,
win32con.FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_FILE_NAME |
win32con.FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_DIR_NAME |
win32con.FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_ATTRIBUTES |
win32con.FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_SIZE |
win32con.FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_LAST_WRITE |
win32con.FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_SECURITY,
None,
None
)
for action, file in results:
full_filename = os.path.join (path_to_watch, file)
print full_filename, ACTIONS.get (action, "Unknown")四、watchdog
#coding:utf8
#author:lcamryfrom watchdog.observers import Observer
from watchdog.events import *
import time
class FileEventHandler(FileSystemEventHandler):
def __init__(self):
FileSystemEventHandler.__init__(self)
def on_moved(self, event):
if event.is_directory:
print("directory moved from {0} to {1}".format(event.src_path,event.dest_path))
else:
print("file moved from {0} to {1}".format(event.src_path,event.dest_path))
def on_created(self, event):
if event.is_directory:
print("directory created:{0}".format(event.src_path))
else:
print("file created:{0}".format(event.src_path))
def on_deleted(self, event):
if event.is_directory:
print("directory deleted:{0}".format(event.src_path))
else:
print("file deleted:{0}".format(event.src_path))
def on_modified(self, event):
if event.is_directory:
print("directory modified:{0}".format(event.src_path))
else:
print("file modified:{0}".format(event.src_path))
if __name__ == "__main__":
observer = Observer()
event_handler = FileEventHandler()
observer.schedule(event_handler,"d:/dcm",True)
observer.start()
try:
while True:
time.sleep(1)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
observer.stop()
observer.join()五、linux下pyinotify
#coding:utf8
#author:lcamry
import os
import pyinotify
from functions import *
WATCH_PATH = '' #监控目录
if not WATCH_PATH:
wlog('Error',"The WATCH_PATH setting MUST be set.")
sys.exit()
else:
if os.path.exists(WATCH_PATH):
wlog('Watch status','Found watch path: path=%s.' % (WATCH_PATH))
else:
wlog('Error','The watch path NOT exists, watching stop now: path=%s.' % (WATCH_PATH))
sys.exit()
class OnIOHandler(pyinotify.ProcessEvent):
def process_IN_CREATE(self, event):
wlog('Action',"create file: %s " % os.path.join(event.path,event.name))
def process_IN_DELETE(self, event):
wlog('Action',"delete file: %s " % os.path.join(event.path,event.name))
def process_IN_MODIFY(self, event):
wlog('Action',"modify file: %s " % os.path.join(event.path,event.name))
def auto_compile(path = '.'):
wm = pyinotify.WatchManager()
mask = pyinotify.IN_CREATE | pyinotify.IN_DELETE | pyinotify.IN_MODIFY
notifier = pyinotify.ThreadedNotifier(wm, OnIOHandler())
notifier.start()
wm.add_watch(path, mask,rec = True,auto_add = True)
wlog('Start Watch','Start monitoring %s' % path)
while True:
try:
notifier.process_events()
if notifier.check_events():
notifier.read_events()
except KeyboardInterrupt:
notifier.stop()
break
if __name__ == "__main__":
auto_compile(WATCH_PATH)