个人认为最好的方式：（在shell脚本以EOF开始，以EOF结束。）
唯一不好的地方是EOF开始，EOF结束的中间不能嵌套shell脚本的其他语句，只能是mysql的语法。）
#!/bin/bash
mysql -uroot -proot <<EOF （EOF 是mysql开始的符号）
show databases;
use test;
insert into teacher(id,name) value(1,"wl");
insert into student(id,name) values(1,"renyuz");
EOF （EOF 是mysql开始的符号）
mysql -uroot -proot <<EOF
use test;
insert into student(id,name) values(22,"jhjjyu");
EOF （EOF 是mysql开始的符号）
echo "hell world !!"（shell脚本的语法）
下面列出了其他几种方法，上面的方法是方法4.
1、将SQL语句直接嵌入到shell脚本文件中
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--演示环境
[root@SZDB ~]# more /etc/issue
CentOS release 5.9 (Final)
Kernel \r on an \m
root@localhost[(none)]> show variables like 'version';
+---------------+------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+------------+
| version | 5.6.12-log |
+---------------+------------+
[root@SZDB ~]# more shell_call_sql1.sh
#!/bin/bash
# Define log
TIMESTAMP=`date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S`
LOG=call_sql_${TIMESTAMP}.log
echo "Start execute sql statement at `date`." >>${LOG}
# execute sql stat
mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "
tee /tmp/temp.log
drop database if exists tempdb;
create database tempdb;
use tempdb
create table if not exists tb_tmp(id smallint,val varchar(20));
insert into tb_tmp values (1,'jack'),(2,'robin'),(3,'mark');
select * from tb_tmp;
notee
quit"
echo -e "\n">>${LOG}
echo "below is output result.">>${LOG}
cat /tmp/temp.log>>${LOG}
echo "script executed successful.">>${LOG}
exit;
[root@SZDB ~]# ./shell_call_sql1.sh
Logging to file '/tmp/temp.log'
+------+-------+
| id | val |
+------+-------+
| 1 | jack |
| 2 | robin |
| 3 | mark |
+------+-------+
Outfile disabled.
--Author : Leshami
--Blog : http://blog.csdn.net/leshami
相关命令参考：http://blog.csdn.net/u011630575/article/details/52143264
2、命令行调用单独的SQL文件
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[root@SZDB ~]# more temp.sql
tee /tmp/temp.log
drop database if exists tempdb;
create database tempdb;
use tempdb
create table if not exists tb_tmp(id smallint,val varchar(20));
insert into tb_tmp values (1,'jack'),(2,'robin'),(3,'mark');
select * from tb_tmp;
notee
[root@SZDB ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "source /root/temp.sql"
Logging to file '/tmp/temp.log'
+------+-------+
| id | val |
+------+-------+
| 1 | jack |
| 2 | robin |
| 3 | mark |
+------+-------+
Outfile disabled.
3、使用管道符调用SQL文件
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[root@SZDB ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 </root/temp.sql
Logging to file '/tmp/temp.log'
id val
1 jack
2 robin
3 mark
Outfile disabled.
#使用管道符调用SQL文件以及输出日志
[root@SZDB ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 </root/temp.sql >/tmp/temp.log
[root@SZDB ~]# more /tmp/temp.log
Logging to file '/tmp/temp.log'
id val
1 jack
2 robin
3 mark
Outfile disabled.
4、shell脚本中MySQL提示符下调用SQL
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[root@SZDB ~]# more shell_call_sql2.sh
#!/bin/bash
mysql -uroot -p123456 <<EOF
source /root/temp.sql;
select current_date();
delete from tempdb.tb_tmp where id=3;
select * from tempdb.tb_tmp where id=2;
EOF
exit;
[root@SZDB ~]# ./shell_call_sql2.sh
Logging to file '/tmp/temp.log'
id val
1 jack
2 robin
3 mark
Outfile disabled.
current_date()
2014-10-14
id val
2 robin
5、shell脚本中变量输入与输出
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[root@SZDB ~]# more shell_call_sql3.sh
#!/bin/bash
cmd="select count(*) from tempdb.tb_tmp"
cnt=$(mysql -uroot -p123456 -s -e "${cmd}")
echo "Current count is : ${cnt}"
exit
[root@SZDB ~]# ./shell_call_sql3.sh
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Current count is : 3
[root@SZDB ~]# echo "select count(*) from tempdb.tb_tmp"|mysql -uroot -p123456 -s
3
[root@SZDB ~]# more shell_call_sql4.sh
#!/bin/bash
id=1
cmd="select count(*) from tempdb.tb_tmp where id=${id}"
cnt=$(mysql -uroot -p123456 -s -e "${cmd}")
echo "Current count is : ${cnt}"
exit
[root@SZDB ~]# ./shell_call_sql4.sh
Current count is : 1